產品介紹
甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)最古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食作(zuo)物之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。據《甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)志》記載(zai)(zai)(zai):“1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),在(zai)巴塘(隸(li)屬(shu)甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou))考古發(fa)現公元(yuan)前(qian)2世紀黃河上(shang)(shang)(shang)游青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)、甘(gan)肅(su)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)色(se)彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古墓遺書,《隋書附國傳》中有(you)(you)(you)‘土宜小麥、青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)(zai)(zai),甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)培育青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)字記載(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)在(zai)1400年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。”青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)主要糧食作(zuo)物之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),也是(shi)(shi)藏(zang)族人(ren)民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)不可(ke)(ke)替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)主食品(pin)(pin)(pin),其(qi)分布緯度和(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)拔上(shang)(shang)(shang)限都較(jiao)其(qi)他糧食作(zuo)物高(gao),播種(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)和(he)(he)總產(chan)(chan)歷(li)居(ju)州(zhou)(zhou)糧作(zuo)首位。 甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)伴隨著甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)人(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酒(jiu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)流傳了(le)(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。在(zai)甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou),人(ren)們主要是(shi)(shi)將甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)籽粒炒熟(shu)磨粉(fen)后制成(cheng)(cheng)糌粑食用(yong),在(zai)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區,烹食非常方便,也能夠很好地(di)(di)(di)滿足人(ren)體(ti)所(suo)需(xu)營(ying)養成(cheng)(cheng)分,深受(shou)甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜愛。甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)籽粒也是(shi)(shi)優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精飼(si)料,對(dui)育肥牲畜有(you)(you)(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),其(qi)秸(jie)稈(gan)是(shi)(shi)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)草,質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)柔和(he)(he),對(dui)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)越冬具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。同時,甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)營(ying)養豐富,是(shi)(shi)釀(niang)造(zao)工業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)工業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要原(yuan)(yuan)料,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)條件(jian)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)必需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)不可(ke)(ke)替代性(xing)。 甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)現建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)國唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、全(quan)(quan)國第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良種(zhong)(zhong)繁育基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),“青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設”通(tong)過農業(ye)(ye)部驗收,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)(ke)提供青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)良種(zhong)(zhong)20-30萬噸。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良種(zhong)(zhong)繁育基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設批準立項(xiang),該(gai)項(xiang)目已完成(cheng)(cheng)各項(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設內(nei)容,于2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)過省農業(ye)(ye)廳驗收。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來,甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)按照區域化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、規模化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、標準化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),打造(zao)特種(zhong)(zhong)糧食核心產(chan)(chan)區,形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)康(kang)北(bei)、康(kang)南(nan)優(you)質(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)帶,集中推廣(guang)康(kang)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)6號、7號等新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)覆(fu)蓋率達到(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),測(ce)土配方施(shi)肥60萬畝次(ci)。通(tong)過落實各項(xiang)技(ji)術措施(shi),青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)單產(chan)(chan)從135公斤提高(gao)到(dao)(dao)180公斤,種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)達到(dao)(dao)45萬畝,總產(chan)(chan)量達到(dao)(dao)7.38萬噸,在(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)自主開(kai)(kai)發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)系列酒(jiu),與四川(chuan)大(da)學合作(zuo)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)苗粉(fen)膠囊。 甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)各級(ji)黨委、政(zheng)府高(gao)度重(zhong)視青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,利用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、資源、區位優(you)勢,把青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為當地(di)(di)(di)特色(se)效益(yi)農業(ye)(ye)支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。到(dao)(dao)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)將達到(dao)(dao)50萬畝,產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達2.5億(yi)元(yuan),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市場發(fa)展空間廣(guang)闊,為民(min)(min)族地(di)(di)(di)區經(jing)濟發(fa)展、社會穩定(ding)、民(min)(min)族團結(jie)、改善農牧民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)脫(tuo)貧致(zhi)富起到(dao)(dao)積(ji)極作(zuo)用(yong)。
自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地(di)處青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原東南緣,地(di)勢(shi)北高(gao)(gao)南低(di)、中部突起,河谷(gu)深切,山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)平行相見(jian),現代冰(bing)川(chuan)發育。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)屬青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原高(gao)(gao)寒地(di)區(qu)(qu)的高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)群系,以褐土(tu)、棕壤(rang)(rang)為主,pH值5.0-7.5,自然(ran)肥(fei)力水(shui)平較高(gao)(gao),有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量豐富,速效養(yang)分(fen)(fen)低(di),熟化程度(du)低(di),土(tu)層薄,坡(po)度(du)大(da),熱(re)量不足,適合青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)生(sheng)長。 甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)是高(gao)(gao)原特殊氣(qi)候(hou)和種植環(huan)境形(xing)成的區(qu)(qu)域(yu)性作(zuo)物(wu)(wu),與(yu)其它禾谷(gu)類作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)相比(bi),具有(you)(you)更強的適應不良環(huan)境與(yu)抗逆生(sheng)存能力。甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)大(da)陸性高(gao)(gao)原山(shan)(shan)地(di)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)明(ming)顯(從(cong)低(di)到高(gao)(gao)跨越6個(ge)氣(qi)候(hou)帶(dai)),晝夜(ye)溫差大(da),氣(qi)溫低(di),冬季(ji)(ji)漫長,四季(ji)(ji)不分(fen)(fen)明(ming),無(wu)霜(shuang)期短(duan),降(jiang)水(shui)較少,干雨季(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)明(ming),光照(zhao)(zhao)強度(du)大(da),日照(zhao)(zhao)豐富。冬半(ban)年寒冷、干燥、降(jiang)水(shui)稀少、多大(da)風,夏半(ban)年氣(qi)溫不高(gao)(gao)且涼爽(shuang)、降(jiang)水(shui)集中、多夜(ye)雨和冰(bing)雹。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地(di)處高(gao)(gao)原,太陽輻(fu)(fu)射強,日照(zhao)(zhao)充足,年日照(zhao)(zhao)時數1900-2600小時,日照(zhao)(zhao)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)率45%-60%,年總輻(fu)(fu)射量5500-7000兆焦耳(er)/平方(fang)米,年平均降(jiang)雨量320-920毫(hao)米,氣(qi)溫適宜(yi),水(shui)熱(re)季(ji)(ji)節與(yu)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長同季(ji)(ji),特別有(you)(you)利于甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)的干物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)積累。
地域范圍
甘孜(zi)青稞農產品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范圍包括四(si)川省(sheng)甘孜(zi)藏(zang)族自治(zhi)州康定縣(xian)(xian)、丹巴縣(xian)(xian)、九(jiu)龍縣(xian)(xian)、雅江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)、道(dao)孚縣(xian)(xian)、爐(lu)霍縣(xian)(xian)、甘孜(zi)縣(xian)(xian)、新龍縣(xian)(xian)、德格縣(xian)(xian)、白玉(yu)縣(xian)(xian)、石(shi)渠縣(xian)(xian)、色達縣(xian)(xian)、理塘縣(xian)(xian)、巴塘縣(xian)(xian)、鄉(xiang)城縣(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)、得榮縣(xian)(xian)等17個縣(xian)(xian),地(di)理坐標(biao)為東經97°22'-102°29',北緯27°58'-34°20',東與(yu)雅安(an)市接壤,南(nan)與(yu)涼山彝族自治(zhi)州、云南(nan)省(sheng)毗鄰,西與(yu)西藏(zang)藏(zang)族自治(zhi)區交(jiao)界(jie),北與(yu)阿壩藏(zang)族羌族自治(zhi)州、青海(hai)省(sheng)相連。保(bao)護面(mian)積(ji)50萬畝,年產量8.17萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官特征:甘孜(zi)青(qing)稞根系較(jiao)多(duo);莖直立(li)、空(kong)心(xin),表面光滑(hua),呈綠色(se)(se)(se),成(cheng)熟后黃色(se)(se)(se);葉(xie)(xie)厚而(er)寬(kuan),葉(xie)(xie)色(se)(se)(se)較(jiao)淡;種(zhong)子大而(er)飽(bao)滿,籽粒(li)裸露,與穎殼完全分離,有橢圓形、菱形和錐(zhui)形等,顏色(se)(se)(se)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣,有黃色(se)(se)(se)、綠色(se)(se)(se)、褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)、紫(zi)色(se)(se)(se)及黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)等。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:甘孜青稞總淀粉(fen)≥52g/100g,維生素E≥1.0mg/kg,遠高于平均含(han)量,對促進(jin)人體健康發(fa)育(yu)有著積(ji)極作用。