產品介紹
甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)最古老(lao)的(de)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。據《甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)志》記(ji)載:“1978年,在(zai)(zai)巴(ba)塘(隸屬甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou))考古發(fa)(fa)現公(gong)元前2世紀黃河上游青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)、甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)肅文化(hua)色彩的(de)古墓遺(yi)書(shu),《隋書(shu)附國傳(chuan)》中(zhong)有‘土(tu)宜小麥、青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)’的(de)記(ji)載,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)培(pei)育青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有文字記(ji)載的(de)歷(li)史(shi)在(zai)(zai)1400年以上。”青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)主要(yao)(yao)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)藏族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活不(bu)可(ke)(ke)替代的(de)傳(chuan)統主食(shi)(shi)(shi)品,其分布緯度和(he)海(hai)拔上限都較其他糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物高(gao),播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)和(he)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)歷(li)居州(zhou)糧(liang)作(zuo)(zuo)首(shou)位(wei)。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)伴隨(sui)著甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)酒文化(hua)流傳(chuan)了上千年。在(zai)(zai)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou),人(ren)(ren)(ren)們主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)籽(zi)粒炒熟磨粉后制成(cheng)糌(zan)粑食(shi)(shi)(shi)用,在(zai)(zai)特殊的(de)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)區,烹食(shi)(shi)(shi)非常方(fang)便,也(ye)能夠(gou)很好(hao)地(di)滿足人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)所需營養成(cheng)分,深(shen)受甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)喜(xi)愛。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)籽(zi)粒也(ye)是(shi)(shi)優良(liang)的(de)精飼料,對(dui)(dui)育肥牲(sheng)畜有很好(hao)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,其秸稈是(shi)(shi)優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)飼草,質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)柔和(he),對(dui)(dui)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)區牲(sheng)畜的(de)越(yue)冬具有重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。同時,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)營養豐富,是(shi)(shi)釀造工業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品工業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)料,具有生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)條件和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活必需的(de)雙(shuang)重(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)替代性。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)現建(jian)(jian)有全國唯一(yi)(yi)的(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)、全國第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育基地(di)和(he)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育基地(di)。2001年,“青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)建(jian)(jian)設”通過農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)驗收,每年可(ke)(ke)提供青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20-30萬噸(dun)(dun)。2002年,青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育基地(di)建(jian)(jian)設批準(zhun)(zhun)立項(xiang),該(gai)項(xiang)目已完成(cheng)各(ge)項(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設內容,于(yu)2005年通過省農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳驗收。近年來,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)按照區域化(hua)、規模化(hua)、標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求,打造特種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)核心產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區,形(xing)成(cheng)了康北(bei)、康南優質(zhi)(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)帶,集(ji)中(zhong)推(tui)廣康青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)6號、7號等(deng)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)覆蓋(gai)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)90%以上,測(ce)土(tu)配方(fang)施肥60萬畝次(ci)。通過落實(shi)各(ge)項(xiang)技(ji)術措(cuo)施,青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)單產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)從135公(gong)斤提高(gao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)180公(gong)斤,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)45萬畝,總產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)7.38萬噸(dun)(dun),在(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品開發(fa)(fa)上自主開發(fa)(fa)了青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)系列酒,與(yu)四(si)川大學合作(zuo)(zuo)開發(fa)(fa)了青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)苗粉膠囊。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)級黨委、政府高(gao)度重(zhong)視青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展,利用生(sheng)(sheng)態、資源、區位(wei)優勢,把青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為當地(di)特色效益農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)支柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2015年,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)50萬畝,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)2.5億元,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品市場(chang)發(fa)(fa)展空間廣闊(kuo),為民(min)族(zu)地(di)區經濟發(fa)(fa)展、社會穩定、民(min)族(zu)團結、改善農(nong)(nong)牧民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活脫貧致富起(qi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)積(ji)極作(zuo)(zuo)用。
自然(ran)生態(tai)環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地處(chu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)藏(zang)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)東南緣,地勢北(bei)高(gao)(gao)南低(di)、中部突起(qi),河谷深切,山川(chuan)平(ping)行相見,現代冰川(chuan)發育。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)屬青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)藏(zang)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)高(gao)(gao)寒(han)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)高(gao)(gao)山土壤(rang)群(qun)系(xi),以褐(he)土、棕壤(rang)為主,pH值(zhi)5.0-7.5,自然肥(fei)力水(shui)平(ping)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu),速效養分低(di),熟化程度(du)低(di),土層薄,坡(po)度(du)大(da)(da),熱(re)量(liang)不(bu)足,適(shi)合青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞生長。 甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞是(shi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)特(te)殊氣(qi)候和(he)種植(zhi)環(huan)境形成(cheng)的(de)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)性(xing)作物(wu),與(yu)其它禾(he)谷類(lei)作物(wu)相比,具有(you)更(geng)強的(de)適(shi)應不(bu)良環(huan)境與(yu)抗逆生存能(neng)力。甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞產(chan)區(qu)(qu)大(da)(da)陸性(xing)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)山地季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候明(ming)顯(xian)(從(cong)低(di)到高(gao)(gao)跨越6個氣(qi)候帶(dai)),晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da)(da),氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低(di),冬季(ji)漫長,四季(ji)不(bu)分明(ming),無霜期短(duan),降(jiang)水(shui)較(jiao)少(shao),干雨(yu)季(ji)分明(ming),光照強度(du)大(da)(da),日(ri)(ri)照豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)。冬半(ban)年(nian)(nian)寒(han)冷、干燥、降(jiang)水(shui)稀少(shao)、多大(da)(da)風(feng),夏半(ban)年(nian)(nian)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)且(qie)涼(liang)爽、降(jiang)水(shui)集中、多夜(ye)雨(yu)和(he)冰雹。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地處(chu)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan),太陽輻(fu)射(she)強,日(ri)(ri)照充(chong)足,年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時數1900-2600小時,日(ri)(ri)照百分率45%-60%,年(nian)(nian)總輻(fu)射(she)量(liang)5500-7000兆焦耳/平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)320-920毫米(mi),氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)適(shi)宜(yi),水(shui)熱(re)季(ji)節與(yu)作物(wu)生長同季(ji),特(te)別有(you)利于甘(gan)孜(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞的(de)干物(wu)質(zhi)積累。
地域范圍
甘(gan)孜青稞農產品地理(li)標志地域保(bao)護范圍包括(kuo)四川(chuan)省甘(gan)孜藏(zang)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)州康定(ding)縣(xian)、丹巴縣(xian)、九(jiu)龍(long)縣(xian)、雅江縣(xian)、道孚縣(xian)、爐(lu)霍縣(xian)、甘(gan)孜縣(xian)、新龍(long)縣(xian)、德格縣(xian)、白玉縣(xian)、石渠縣(xian)、色達(da)縣(xian)、理(li)塘縣(xian)、巴塘縣(xian)、鄉(xiang)城(cheng)縣(xian)、稻(dao)城(cheng)縣(xian)、得榮縣(xian)等17個縣(xian),地理(li)坐標為東經97°22'-102°29',北緯27°58'-34°20',東與雅安市(shi)接壤,南與涼(liang)山(shan)彝族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)州、云南省毗鄰,西與西藏(zang)藏(zang)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)區交界,北與阿壩藏(zang)族(zu)羌(qiang)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)州、青海省相連。保(bao)護面積(ji)50萬畝,年產量8.17萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官(guan)特征(zheng):甘(gan)孜青稞根(gen)系較(jiao)多(duo);莖直立、空心,表面光滑,呈綠色(se)(se),成熟后黃色(se)(se);葉(xie)厚而寬,葉(xie)色(se)(se)較(jiao)淡;種子大而飽滿,籽(zi)粒(li)裸露(lu),與穎(ying)殼完全分離,有(you)(you)橢圓形、菱形和錐(zhui)形等,顏色(se)(se)多(duo)種多(duo)樣,有(you)(you)黃色(se)(se)、綠色(se)(se)、褐色(se)(se)、紫色(se)(se)及黑(hei)色(se)(se)等。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標(biao):甘孜青稞(ke)總淀(dian)粉≥52g/100g,維生素E≥1.0mg/kg,遠高于平均含量,對(dui)促進人體健康(kang)發育有著積極(ji)作用。