電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)現在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)主要采用的電(dian)(dian)池，蓄電(dian)(dian)池不是(shi)用壞的而(er)是(shi)充(chong)壞的，決非危言聳(song)聽，蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)好壞對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命和使用性能(neng)起(qi)著舉足輕重的作用，必須重視。

1、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循環使(shi)用壽(shou)命影響很大，這是因為放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)越深(shen)，電(dian)(dian)極膨脹收縮量(liang)越大，正極的活(huo)性物質(zhi)脫落越多，從而失(shi)去放(fang)電(dian)(dian)特性，性能下降，直至壽(shou)命終(zhong)止。所以蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)應(ying)盡量(liang)避(bi)免(mian)深(shen)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，做(zuo)到(dao)淺放(fang)勤充(chong)，一般情況應(ying)做(zuo)到(dao)：蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)為50%-70%時(shi)(shi)充(chong)一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)最佳。

2、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后，繼續(xu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會(hui)嚴(yan)重損害蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為此時極易形成不(bu)(bu)可(ke)逆硫酸鹽化，從而使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能力(li)變差，甚至無法修(xiu)復。所(suo)以(yi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)時應防止過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)”是(shi)有效(xiao)的(de)措施(shi)。“欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)”措施(shi)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)，但因(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車儀表和指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器不(bu)(bu)受控(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)制(zhi)，所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車鎖一旦合上就(jiu)開始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若(ruo)長時間放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)會(hui)出現過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)(yin)此，不(bu)(bu)得長時間開鎖，不(bu)(bu)用(yong)時應立即關掉。

3、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流應小(xiao)于或等于蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)以接受的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，否則，過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)產(chan)生的(de)過(guo)剩電(dian)(dian)流會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)解水液過(guo)快地消耗掉，并產(chan)生嚴重的(de)析氣現象，時間長了將使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)變得十(shi)分困(kun)難，所以充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時因盡可(ke)(ke)能防止過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。正規廠家生產(chan)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器可(ke)(ke)確保不對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)尤其怕虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)置3-7天(tian)，將有可能(neng)永久損(sun)壞，因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)過后(hou)請盡快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于(yu)長(chang)期不使(shi)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，應每(mei)隔15天(tian)左右(you)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)存放(fang)時(shi)的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)損(sun)失。

5、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在高溫季節運行，主(zhu)要存在過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。因此，夏天應盡量降低(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度，保證良好的(de)散(san)熱，防止在烈(lie)日暴曬后即充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應遠離熱源(yuan)。在低(di)溫情況下，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要存在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能(neng)力差、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。低(di)溫時應采(cai)取保溫防凍(dong)措(cuo)施，特別(bie)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時應放(fang)在溫暖的(de)環(huan)境中，有利于保證充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止不(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽化的(de)產生，延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用壽命。

6、一般情況下，放(fang)電(dian)深度較大(da)的蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命在1年左(zuo)右，放(fang)電(dian)深度在50%-70%的蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)壽命在1年半左(zuo)右。個別廠(chang)家生產的蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)可以(yi)達到2年以(yi)上。