一、儲能變流器是什么
儲能變(bian)流器(Power Conversion System)英(ying)文簡稱(cheng)(cheng)PCS,又稱(cheng)(cheng)儲能逆(ni)變(bian)器,可(ke)控制蓄電(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)過程,進行交直(zhi)(zhi)流的變(bian)換,在(zai)無電(dian)(dian)網情(qing)況下可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)接為交流負(fu)荷(he)供電(dian)(dian)。
儲(chu)能變流器(qi)PCS由DC/AC雙向(xiang)變流器(qi)、控(kong)制單元(yuan)等(deng)構成(cheng)。PCS控(kong)制器(qi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)訊接收后臺控(kong)制指令(ling),根(gen)據功率指令(ling)的符(fu)號及大小控(kong)制變流器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)或放電(dian)(dian)(dian),實(shi)現(xian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網有功功率及無功功率的調節。PCS控(kong)制器(qi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)CAN接口與BMS通(tong)(tong)訊,獲取電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組狀態信息,可實(shi)現(xian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的保(bao)護性充放電(dian)(dian)(dian),確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)運行(xing)(xing)安全。
二、光伏逆變器是什么
光伏(fu)逆變器英文(wen)名為PV inverter,是(shi)指(zhi)可將光伏(fu)太(tai)陽能板(ban)產生(sheng)的可變直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓轉換為市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)的逆變器,通常被輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)應用,是(shi)光伏(fu)陣列系統中重要的系統平衡(BOS)之一。
光伏逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的缺點是只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)在白天發(fa)電,發(fa)電功(gong)率易受到天氣(qi)影(ying)響(xiang)等,針對這些問題(ti),儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)成(cheng)功(gong)問世。當(dang)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)低(di)谷時,儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)輸出電能(neng)(neng)用(yong)蓄電池(chi)存儲(chu)(chu)。當(dang)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)高(gao)峰時,儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)釋放存儲(chu)(chu)的電能(neng)(neng),以減少對電網的壓力。當(dang)電網陷入故障時,儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)可切換成(cheng)離網模(mo)式繼續供電。
三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別
1、自用率
儲能(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)器的(de)自用(yong)率最高(gao)可到80%。光伏(fu)逆(ni)變(bian)器的(de)自用(yong)率通常在20%左右。
2、市電故障
當市電(dian)故障時(shi),光(guang)伏逆(ni)變器將陷(xian)入癱瘓狀態,儲能逆(ni)變器可轉換離網模(mo)式高效供電(dian)。
3、收益
在并網發電補貼下調的背景(jing)下,儲能(neng)逆變器收益將比(bi)光伏逆變器更高。
4、天氣因素
光伏逆變器有多(duo)種(zhong)限(xian)制,如只能(neng)白天(tian)發(fa)電、發(fa)電功率受天(tian)氣影響、具有不可預見(jian)性(xing)等(deng)。儲(chu)能(neng)逆變器沒(mei)有以(yi)上問題。
四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢
1、突破天氣變化的局限性
由(you)于儲能變流(liu)器能夠將交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)儲存在蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池內,并(bing)在斷電(dian)(dian)后將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池內的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)供用戶使(shi)用,這就在很大程度上降低了天氣狀況(kuang)對發電(dian)(dian)穩(wen)(wen)定性的(de)影響(xiang),能夠大大提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)定性和品質(zhi)。
2、擁有更高的用電效率
與(yu)并(bing)網光(guang)伏逆(ni)變器(qi)相比,儲能(neng)(neng)變流器(qi)用電效率更(geng)高,不僅能(neng)(neng)夠突破天氣狀況、時(shi)間等(deng)局限性(xing),解決并(bing)網光(guang)伏逆(ni)變器(qi)存(cun)在的(de)問題,還能(neng)(neng)為(wei)用戶提(ti)供更(geng)加(jia)穩定(ding)、持久的(de)電能(neng)(neng),避免用電系統故障帶來的(de)不便和麻煩,這也(ye)是更(geng)多用戶選擇這種逆(ni)變器(qi)的(de)重要原因所在。
3、擁有較高的穩定性
在電網系統故障的情況下,儲能變流器能夠(gou)將(jiang)(jiang)儲(chu)存的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直接(jie)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系(xi)統(tong)使用,受外界因素的(de)(de)影(ying)響較小,能夠(gou)大大降低(di)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本,具有較高的(de)(de)穩定性。當處于用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰期(qi)時,儲(chu)能變流(liu)(liu)器會將(jiang)(jiang)太陽能直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)(gong)廣大用戶(hu)使用,而處于用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)低(di)谷期(qi)時,儲(chu)能變流(liu)(liu)器又會將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)存起(qi)來,能夠(gou)實現直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)雙向(xiang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan),而且能夠(gou)為斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)強有力的(de)(de)保障。
除了以上(shang)作(zuo)用(yong)外,儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器還具有能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠為電(dian)(dian)網提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)加穩(wen)定(ding)、諧(xie)波含(han)量(liang)較少(shao)的(de)純(chun)凈(jing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),這不僅符合當(dang)今社會節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排的(de)趨(qu)勢和要求,更(geng)加提(ti)升了電(dian)(dian)網的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性和品質。總而(er)言之,儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠突破傳統光伏逆變(bian)(bian)器的(de)局(ju)限(xian)性,為電(dian)(dian)網系統提(ti)供(gong)高品質的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成本,提(ti)高用(yong)電(dian)(dian)效率,這些優勢和作(zuo)用(yong)也是儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在市場上(shang)占據一(yi)定(ding)優勢的(de)前提(ti)和保(bao)障。