一、儲能變流器是雙向還是單向

儲能變流器（PCS）又(you)稱儲能逆變器，是連接儲能電(dian)池系統和電(dian)網的雙(shuang)向電(dian)流可控(kong)轉(zhuan)換裝置，能夠在電(dian)網和儲能系統間精(jing)確快速地調節電(dian)壓、頻率(lv)、功(gong)率(lv)，實現恒功(gong)率(lv)恒流充放電(dian)以及(ji)平滑波動(dong)性(xing)電(dian)源輸(shu)出。

儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)不僅(jin)能(neng)(neng)滿足傳統并(bing)網變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)對直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的逆變要(yao)求，還可(ke)滿足儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統“充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)+放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”帶(dai)來的雙向變流(liu)(liu)需求，具有對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)，可(ke)用于(yu)光(guang)伏、風力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)平滑、削(xue)峰填谷、微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網等多種場合。

并網(wang)(wang)模式(shi)下，在負荷(he)低(di)谷期，儲能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)成直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在負荷(he)高峰期，儲能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組中(zhong)的直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)逆變成交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)。

離網模式下，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流器(qi)與主(zhu)電(dian)網脫開，給本地的部分(fen)負荷提供滿足電(dian)網電(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量要(yao)求的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)。

二、雙向儲能變流器的工作模式有哪些

雙向儲能變流器pcs的工作模式分為(wei)并網模式、離網模式和混合模式。

1、并網模式

并(bing)(bing)網模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)下(xia)包括充電(dian)(dian)功能和放電(dian)(dian)功能，此(ci)時(shi)用(yong)戶可以選擇自(zi)動(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)和手動(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)。在自(zi)動(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)下(xia)，如果用(yong)戶選擇并(bing)(bing)網充電(dian)(dian)或(huo)放電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，儲能逆變器將(jiang)以之前設(she)定(ding)好的值(zhi)對蓄電(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)或(huo)放電(dian)(dian)。在手動(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)下(xia)，用(yong)戶可以通過手動(dong)修改(gai)充電(dian)(dian)或(huo)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)壓和時(shi)間(jian)值(zhi)，使儲能逆變器工作在設(she)定(ding)的充電(dian)(dian)或(huo)放電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。

并網模式中，儲能逆變器連接在一個大容量公用電網中，大容量是指該電網的總容量至少比儲能逆變器容量大10倍以上。并網模式的主要特征是儲能逆變器必須與存在的電(dian)(dian)網(wang)頻率同步。要做到與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)同步，儲能(neng)逆變器相對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)網(wang)來說作為一個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)源。有些情況下，儲能(neng)逆變器必須能(neng)通過(guo)無(wu)功控(kong)制為電(dian)(dian)網(wang)提供電(dian)(dian)壓支持。該模式常用(yong)于削峰(feng)填谷、電(dian)(dian)力負(fu)載平衡(heng)和調節(jie)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量。

2、離網模式

孤島系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)或多(duo)個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)并聯形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部的(de)“微網(wang)”。孤島系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)主要特征是(shi)(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部電(dian)(dian)網(wang)與所有的(de)大電(dian)(dian)網(wang)脫離，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)額定功率(lv)與局(ju)(ju)(ju)部電(dian)(dian)網(wang)產生的(de)總功率(lv)大致相(xiang)等。在(zai)這個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)必須(xu)可以(yi)充當(dang)網(wang)路電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，給局(ju)(ju)(ju)部電(dian)(dian)網(wang)提供電(dian)(dian)壓和頻(pin)率(lv)控制。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，如果一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不能(neng)與其他發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)步，比如一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)柴油發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)連接在(zai)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部電(dian)(dian)網(wang)上(shang)，那么儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)必須(xu)作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)之同(tong)步。有些情況下，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)還要在(zai)作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和與發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)步之間轉換。

孤島系統(tong)的特征是儲(chu)能系統(tong)與局部(bu)電網相連，這些(xie)情形可(ke)(ke)(ke)能存(cun)在于偏遠山(shan)區(qu)或小(xiao)島嶼。常見應用(yong)(yong)包(bao)括平滑由可(ke)(ke)(ke)變電源(yuan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)變負載引起的功率波動，穩定電網，優化燃料的使用(yong)(yong)和調節電能質量。

3、混合模式

儲能系統(tong)(tong)能夠在并網(wang)(wang)模式(shi)和離(li)網(wang)(wang)模式(shi)之間進行切(qie)換。儲能系統(tong)(tong)處(chu)于微(wei)(wei)網(wang)(wang)中，微(wei)(wei)網(wang)(wang)與(yu)(yu)公共電網(wang)(wang)接，正常(chang)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態下作(zuo)(zuo)為并網(wang)(wang)系統(tong)(tong)運行如果微(wei)(wei)網(wang)(wang)與(yu)(yu)公共電網(wang)(wang)脫離(li)，儲能系統(tong)(tong)將工作(zuo)(zuo)在離(li)網(wang)(wang)模式(shi)為微(wei)(wei)網(wang)(wang)提供主電源。常(chang)見應(ying)用包括(kuo)濾波，穩定電網(wang)(wang)，調節電能質量和創造自愈網(wang)(wang)。