臺灣(wan)省中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)山(shan)(shan)脈北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)最高峰(feng)(feng)。海(hai)拔3740米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，僅次于(yu)玉山(shan)(shan)、雪(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)（副峰(feng)(feng)除外）及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)山(shan)(shan)脈中(zhong)(zhong)段的(de)(de)秀(xiu)姑(gu)巒(luan)山(shan)(shan)和(he)馬博拉(la)斯山(shan)(shan),居全省第5位(wei)(wei)。以(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)）為(wei)核山(shan)(shan)，周鄰約(yue)3公里半徑內，3500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)高峰(feng)(feng)共有(you)(you)7座，皆以(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)名，簡(jian)稱北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)（3535米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)）、北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)峰(feng)(feng)（3580米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)）、東峰(feng)(feng)(3639米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、東南(nan)(nan)(nan)峰(feng)(feng)（3526米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)）、中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)峰(feng)(feng)(3500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)（3516米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)），為(wei)西(xi)注臺灣(wan)海(hai)峽的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)甲溪和(he)東入(ru)太(tai)平洋(yang)的(de)(de)立霧溪分水嶺(ling)。山(shan)(shan)匯(hui)諸峰(feng)(feng)皆以(yi)(yi)粘板巖為(wei)主(zhu)。因(yin)(yin)高度、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)和(he)地勢適宜(yi)，曾是更新世(shi)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)川分布區(qu)，以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)外圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、東3峰(feng)(feng)為(wei)主(zhu)，遺跡保(bao)存甚(shen)多(duo)(duo),冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蝕地形(xing)典型(xing)，有(you)(you)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斗(dou)(dou)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)川及(ji)山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)川，前者尤多(duo)(duo)。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)凹地（亦稱南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)谷(gu)地）的(de)(de)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斗(dou)(dou)遺跡保(bao)存最好。南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)帶，冬春(chun)季節(jie)因(yin)(yin)受(shou)來自太(tai)平洋(yang)通過宜(yi)蘭三角洲平原(yuan)上(shang)(shang)空深入(ru)的(de)(de)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)風，并受(shou)大(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)冷氣團東南(nan)(nan)(nan)移(yi)影響(xiang)，3000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)地區(qu)常有(you)(you)短期積雪(xue)(xue)甚(shen)厚，由此亦可推知本區(qu)昔時(shi)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)川生成和(he)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蝕地形(xing)發(fa)育情況(kuang)。據(ju)調(diao)查研究(jiu)，在(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)外圍(wei)(wei)，共已發(fa)現冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斗(dou)(dou)地形(xing)不下(xia)12處(chu)(chu)，底高在(zai)3300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，尤以(yi)(yi)3500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右為(wei)多(duo)(duo)。位(wei)(wei)于(yu)主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)坡(po)(po)的(de)(de)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)，徑長達2500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬約(yue)1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)(qi)西(xi)壁中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)高約(yue)1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)陡崖,角度大(da)(da)(da)致60°～70°。在(zai)此西(xi)鄰，更有(you)(you)長達4000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬約(yue)1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)。估(gu)計南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斗(dou)(dou)群形(xing)成時(shi)，雪(xue)(xue)線高度大(da)(da)(da)致相當3400～3500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。發(fa)源于(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)側的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)溪及(ji)與(yu)其(qi)(qi)西(xi)鄰源于(yu)雪(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)坡(po)(po)的(de)(de)七家(jia)灣(wan)溪等（均(jun)大(da)(da)(da)甲溪上(shang)(shang)源），均(jun)以(yi)(yi)產一(yi)種可能(neng)為(wei)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)期殘留的(de)(de)鮭鱒(zun)魚(yu)類(lei)著(zhu)名，這種陸(lu)封(feng)型(xing)魚(yu)類(lei)即與(yu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)川時(shi)期低(di)溫氣候(hou)有(you)(you)密(mi)切聯(lian)系。
斌斌有禮 
