定(ding)(ding)安(an)鵝(e)(e)因產自海南省(sheng)定(ding)(ding)安(an)縣,以一(yi)年四季都能(neng)產蛋(dan)(dan)、自孵(fu)而得(de)名。定(ding)(ding)安(an)四季鵝(e)(e)適應(ying)性好(hao)、抗病力強、體型大、增重快,覓食力強,消化率高,能(neng)充分利用野(ye)草(cao)、秸稈、遺落稻穗,甚至深(shen)埋污泥中的草(cao)根、塊莖等(deng),飼養(yang)耗糧(liang)少,成本低,年產蛋(dan)(dan)量高,肉質好(hao),深(shen)受(shou)百(bai)姓歡迎,是(shi)定(ding)(ding)安(an)農家的當家家禽品種。
定(ding)安(an)鵝(e)的特(te)點是體型中等,外貌清秀,體態呈(cheng)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)。喙長(chang)。虹彩黃褐(he)色(se)(se)。頸(jing)較(jiao)細(xi)長(chang),稍呈(cheng)弓形(xing),后軀發達。產蛋期腹下(xia)單褶或雙褶,垂皮明顯。通常鵝(e)群分兩大類型:羽毛全白,喙橘黃色(se)(se),跖、蹼、趾(zhi)橙(cheng)黃色(se)(se)頸(jing)羽、翼羽、尾羽灰褐(he)色(se)(se),腹下(xia)乳白色(se)(se)。
1、生(sheng)長(chang)速度(du)與產肉性能(neng)
平(ping)均(jun)體重:初生(sheng)95克(ke)(ke);30日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)1110克(ke)(ke);60日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)2750克(ke)(ke);90日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)3830克(ke)(ke);120日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)4060克(ke)(ke);成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)(gong)母(mu)鵝(e)(e)分別為5240克(ke)(ke)、4410克(ke)(ke)。仔鵝(e)(e),35日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)時開始長(chang)(chang)(chang)粗(cu)(cu)毛(mao),45日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)時腹、翼、尾(wei)部(bu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)粗(cu)(cu)羽(yu),60日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)時長(chang)(chang)(chang)主翼羽(yu),75~80日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)長(chang)(chang)(chang)齊翅羽(yu)。90日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)均(jun)半(ban)凈(jing)膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)宰率81.94%,母(mu)鵝(e)(e)83.48%;90日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)均(jun)全凈(jing)膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)宰率74.09%,母(mu)鵝(e)(e)76.58%。成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)均(jun)半(ban)凈(jing)膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)宰率86.16%,母(mu)鵝(e)(e)87.46%;成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)均(jun)全凈(jing)膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)宰率79.69%,母(mu)鵝(e)(e)79.11%。
2、產蛋性(xing)能與(yu)繁殖性(xing)能
母(mu)鵝平(ping)(ping)(ping)均開產(chan)日齡(ling)185天(tian)(最早的為(wei)162天(tian))。每(mei)年(nian)(nian)從(cong)9~10月產(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)開始(shi)至翌年(nian)(nian)3~4月結(jie)束,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)2~4窩,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均年(nian)(nian)產(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)37枚,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均蛋(dan)(dan)重(zhong)160克。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均蛋(dan)(dan)殼厚度0.42毫米,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均蛋(dan)(dan)形指數1.38。蛋(dan)(dan)殼乳白色。公(gong)鵝性成熟期140~160天(tian),適宜配種年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)在200天(tian)以(yi)上(shang)。公(gong)母(mu)鵝配種比例1:(4~5)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均種蛋(dan)(dan)受精(jing)率(lv)84.2%,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均受精(jing)蛋(dan)(dan)孵化率(lv)94.4%。母(mu)鵝就巢(chao)(chao)性強,有(you)97%的母(mu)鵝有(you)就巢(chao)(chao)性,年(nian)(nian)就巢(chao)(chao)2~3次。公(gong)鵝利用年(nian)(nian)限(xian)4~6年(nian)(nian),母(mu)鵝6~8年(nian)(nian)。