平利(li)(li)(li)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)，葫蘆科絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬植物。中(zhong)藥材(cai)品種，陜西省(sheng)平利(li)(li)(li)縣特產，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地(di)理標志產品。平利(li)(li)(li)是(shi)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的自然(ran)分(fen)布(bu)分(fen)化(hua)中(zhong)心，有“絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)故(gu)鄉(xiang)”之稱，獨特的區域小生(sheng)態環境十(shi)分(fen)適宜絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的生(sheng)長發育，是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)開(kai)發最早、規(gui)模最大(da)的絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)人工栽培基(ji)地(di)縣、國(guo)(guo)家絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)標準化(hua)示范區。平利(li)(li)(li)縣絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產品以(yi)純天然(ran)、無公害和富含微量元素走俏日本、北京、廣州等市場。

種植條件

絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)被醫學(xue)界(jie)譽為(wei)東方神草、人(ren)間福音草，但(dan)其對土(tu)壤、氣(qi)候等(deng)(deng)條(tiao)件要求較高，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)除福建、湖北、云南、四(si)川等(deng)(deng)省有(you)少量(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，地(di)處北亞熱帶濕潤(run)季(ji)風氣(qi)候區的(de)(de)平利(li)縣(xian)，由于雨量(liang)充沛，氣(qi)候溫和，日照充足，無霜期時間長(chang)，土(tu)壤有(you)害(hai)物(wu)(wu)質含量(liang)低，成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內生態型藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)示范基地(di)的(de)(de)最佳區域。據統計，2007年，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)人(ren)工種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積約(yue)7萬畝(mu)，陜西省只(zhi)有(you)安康市發展絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)產業(ye)，全市種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積2．8萬畝(mu)，平利(li)占(zhan)(zhan)了(le)2萬畝(mu)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積和原(yuan)料產量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)全中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)35%以上(shang)，苦味絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)屬中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)獨有(you)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，選育的(de)(de)絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)效(xiao)物(wu)(wu)質含量(liang)比其他品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和區域高5個百分(fen)點，處于國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領先(xian)水平。平利(li)縣(xian)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)自然分(fen)布分(fen)化中(zhong)(zhong)心，在世界(jie)上(shang)已(yi)發現的(de)(de)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)，該縣(xian)就占(zhan)(zhan)了(le)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其皂(zao)甙(dai)含量(liang)高達12.2%，理化指標位居榜(bang)首。

生產情況

安康(kang)自古以(yi)來就盛(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)，歷史上(shang)被(bei)稱為“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)之(zhi)鄉”。《唐書·地(di)理(li)志》就有(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)州(zhou)杜仲、秦艽、黃柏等藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)作為“貢(gong)品(pin)”的(de)(de)記載。鎮坪的(de)(de)黃連(lian)、紫陽的(de)(de)厚樸、嵐皋(gao)的(de)(de)杜仲、平利的(de)(de)八仙(xian)黨參等地(di)道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)聞名遐(xia)邇。200多年(nian)(nian)前(qian)這里就是(shi)“山中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)農(nong)過(guo)半，藥(yao)(yao)商絡(luo)繹不絕”。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)普查，全市中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)種類1299種，總數占全省53%以(yi)上(shang)。屬于2000年(nian)(nian)版(ban)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)典》收(shou)載的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)290種，占《藥(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)總數的(de)(de)68.4%。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、葛根(gen)、黃姜(jiang)、黃連(lian)、當歸、杜仲、淫羊(yang)藿、葉下珠、黃柏、厚樸、麝香、蜈蚣、熊膽、桔梗、秦巴硒菇、玄參、獨活、云木(mu)香、川牛膝、豬苓(ling)、魔(mo)芋（藥(yao)(yao)食兩用）等產量(liang)居全省首位。自20世紀70年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)開(kai)始，平利縣著手(shou)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)統(tong)研(yan)究(jiu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)工作，先后攻克了(le)野生馴化(hua)、無(wu)(wu)性快(kuai)速繁殖、病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)和科(ke)學采(cai)收(shou)等一(yi)系(xi)列人工栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)難題，研(yan)制(zhi)出絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)、飲料(liao)、藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)等系(xi)列產品(pin)，隨(sui)著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)加入WTO，為讓絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)打入國(guo)際市場(chang)，平利縣加快(kuai)了(le)建設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)第(di)(di)一(yi)縣的(de)(de)步伐，成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)由縣長掛(gua)帥的(de)(de)領(ling)導小組，采(cai)取公(gong)司+基(ji)(ji)地(di)+農(nong)戶的(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)，吸引安康(kang)正大和北醫(yi)大制(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司投(tou)資(zi)500余(yu)萬(wan)元，在(zai)城關、長安兩鎮建設GAP藥(yao)(yao)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)，扶持組建了(le)農(nong)盛(sheng)、五和、國(guo)彩等3個(ge)(ge)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和25個(ge)(ge)加工企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，實行訂(ding)單生產，建成(cheng)(cheng)2萬(wan)畝國(guo)家(jia)級絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)示(shi)范基(ji)(ji)地(di)。同時，建立(li)完(wan)善了(le)技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)、技(ji)術(shu)推廣和標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)監測三(san)(san)大體(ti)系(xi)，成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)課題組，形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)以(yi)縣絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心為龍(long)頭，縣、鎮、村三(san)(san)級為紐帶(dai)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)推廣網絡(luo)，培(pei)(pei)育出11個(ge)(ge)新品(pin)系(xi)，起草的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)列7項(xiang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)被(bei)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)為省級地(di)方標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，填補了(le)陜(shan)西省執(zhi)行標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)空白，成(cheng)(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)項(xiang)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)省級地(di)方標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。此(ci)外，他們(men)實行政策(ce)傾斜，累(lei)計(ji)投(tou)入700多萬(wan)元扶持絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)(fa)展，召(zhao)開(kai)現場(chang)會(hui)、培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)會(hui)200余(yu)場(chang)次(ci)，培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)技(ji)術(shu)骨干、示(shi)范大戶10000多人次(ci)，印發(fa)(fa)技(ji)術(shu)資(zi)料(liao)20000余(yu)份，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)種植普及(ji)率達95%以(yi)上(shang)，創造出畝產鮮草5000公(gong)斤的(de)(de)奇跡。2005年(nian)(nian)6月，“國(guo)家(jia)專利產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)工程”試點基(ji)(ji)地(di)項(xiang)目在(zai)陜(shan)西平利正式(shi)啟動，平利絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)成(cheng)(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)十大基(ji)(ji)地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)，該縣絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)連(lian)獲三(san)(san)項(xiang)殊榮(rong)：絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)示(shi)范區通過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)驗收(shou)；有(you)(you)機絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)獲國(guo)家(jia)認證(zheng)；絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)成(cheng)(cheng)為國(guo)家(jia)原產地(di)域(yu)保護產品(pin)。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)產品(pin)以(yi)純天然、無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)和富含(han)微(wei)量(liang)元素(su)走俏日本、北京、廣州(zhou)等市場(chang)，年(nian)(nian)銷售量(liang)達500噸(dun)，實現產值4000余(yu)萬(wan)元，僅(jin)此(ci)一(yi)項(xiang)可為農(nong)民年(nian)(nian)人均(jun)增(zeng)收(shou)170元，成(cheng)(cheng)為促農(nong)增(zeng)收(shou)的(de)(de)新亮點，先后獲得曼谷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)優質農(nong)產品(pin)及(ji)科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)設備(bei)展覽會(hui)銀獎(jiang)、陜(shan)西省第(di)(di)三(san)(san)屆技(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)交易洽(qia)談會(hui)金(jin)(jin)獎(jiang)、首屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)楊(yang)陵農(nong)科(ke)城技(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)博覽會(hui)金(jin)(jin)像獎(jiang)。