介紹
赤(chi)峰境內(nei)被國家(jia)考古(gu)界命名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)原始人類(lei)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)類(lei)型有(you)興(xing)隆(long)洼文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、趙寶溝文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、紅山文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、富河(he)(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、小河(he)(he)沿文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、夏家(jia)店下層文(wen)化(hua)(hua)。從考古(gu)發(fa)掘(jue)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)石器、骨器、陶器、青銅器等生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)器物證明,早在8千(qian)余年前(qian)境內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)原始先民已經過(guo)著(zhu)原始農耕、漁獵(lie)和(he)畜牧的(de)(de)(de)定居(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)。赤(chi)峰市種植谷子歷史悠久(jiu),2003年在興(xing)隆(long)溝遺址(zhi)出(chu)土了(le)距今8000年的(de)(de)(de)栗和(he)黍的(de)(de)(de)碳化(hua)(hua)顆粒標本,經加拿大(da)、英國和(he)我國的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究機構用(yong)C14等手段鑒定論證后,認為是(shi)人工栽培形態最早的(de)(de)(de)谷物,由此(ci)推(tui)斷赤(chi)峰敖漢地區是(shi)中國古(gu)代旱作農業起(qi)源(yuan)地,也是(shi)橫跨歐(ou)亞大(da)陸旱作農業的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地。赤(chi)峰市志記(ji)載:遼史記(ji)載:“保(bao)寧七年(976),漢有(you)宋(song)兵,使來乞糧,詔賜粟二十萬斛助之”。
自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因素
1、土壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:赤峰(feng)市(shi)積(ji)極(ji)發展雜糧種植(zhi)產業,在現(xian)有耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1600萬畝的(de)(de)基礎上,雜糧播種面(mian)(mian)積(ji)常年穩定在800萬畝左(zuo)右,居全國(guo)之首。赤峰(feng)地(di)(di)(di)處大(da)興(xing)安(an)(an)嶺南(nan)(nan)段(duan)和燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)麓(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di),分(fen)布在西拉木(mu)倫河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)與老(lao)哈河(he)(he)(he)流域廣大(da)地(di)(di)(di)區,呈(cheng)三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan),西高(gao)東(dong)低(di)(di),多(duo)(duo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)(duo)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌特(te)征。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)赤峰(feng)市(shi)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)42%;丘(qiu)(qiu)陵約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)24%;高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)9%;平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)25%。大(da)體分(fen)為(wei)四個地(di)(di)(di)形區:北(bei)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區;南(nan)(nan)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區;西部高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區;東(dong)部平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區,海拔(ba)高(gao)300-2000米。東(dong)部在西拉木(mu)倫河(he)(he)(he)與老(lao)哈河(he)(he)(he)匯流處大(da)興(xing)三(san)(san)角地(di)(di)(di)區,海拔(ba)高(gao)不足300米,為(wei)赤峰(feng)市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)最(zui)低(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)帶;西部克旗、郊區和河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)省圍場縣交界處的(de)(de)大(da)光(guang)頂子山(shan)(shan)(shan),海拔(ba)高(gao)2067米,為(wei)赤峰(feng)市(shi)第一(yi)高(gao)峰(feng)。主要(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)有大(da)興(xing)安(an)(an)嶺南(nan)(nan)段(duan),努魯(lu)兒虎和七(qi)老(lao)圖三(san)(san)條山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)。赤峰(feng)市(shi)的(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)資源特(te)點是,地(di)(di)(di)處內蒙古高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)松遼平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)過渡(du)地(di)(di)(di)帶,北(bei)部為(wei)大(da)興(xing)安(an)(an)嶺南(nan)(nan)段(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di),燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)系的(de)(de)七(qi)老(lao)圖山(shan)(shan)(shan)屏(ping)于(yu)西部,努魯(lu)爾(er)虎山(shan)(shan)(shan)呈(cheng)于(yu)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)側,構成了三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)半(ban)環(huan)形,地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)西高(gao)東(dong)低(di)(di),海拔(ba)一(yi)般在500—1500米之間,海拔(ba)最(zui)高(gao)為(wei)2067米。地(di)(di)(di)貌形態可分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、熔(rong)巖臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)、低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵、沙丘(qiu)(qiu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。其中山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)17.74%;高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)5.72%;熔(rong)巖臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)3.21%;低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵占(zhan)(zhan)19.44%;黃(huang)土丘(qiu)(qiu)陵占(zhan)(zhan)22.9%;河(he)(he)(he)谷平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)8.17%;沙地(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)23.3%。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):全市水(shui)(shui)資源總量為(wei)(wei)(wei)42.7億立方(fang)(fang)米,有(you)烏力吉木淪河(he)(he)(he)、西(xi)拉(la)沐(mu)淪河(he)(he)(he)、老哈(ha)(ha)河(he)(he)(he)、敖來河(he)(he)(he)、灤河(he)(he)(he)、大(da)(da)凌河(he)(he)(he)六條(tiao)(tiao)外流水(shui)(shui)系和內陸水(shui)(shui)系共(gong)308條(tiao)(tiao)大(da)(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)流,72處天然湖泊。最大(da)(da)的(de)湖泊為(wei)(wei)(wei)達里(li)(li)諾爾湖,水(shui)(shui)面面積為(wei)(wei)(wei)35.7萬畝。地表水(shui)(shui)徑流量32.6億立方(fang)(fang)米,地下水(shui)(shui)可開采10億立方(fang)(fang)米。人均占有(you)水(shui)(shui)量670立方(fang)(fang)米。耕(geng)地畝均占有(you)水(shui)(shui)量323.7立方(fang)(fang)米。西(xi)遼河(he)(he)(he)的(de)兩條(tiao)(tiao)主(zhu)要支流西(xi)拉(la)沐(mu)淪河(he)(he)(he)、老哈(ha)(ha)河(he)(he)(he)都(dou)在赤峰(feng)境(jing)內,大(da)(da)小(xiao)干支流達40余條(tiao)(tiao),有(you)達里(li)(li)諾爾等湖泊58處,地表水(shui)(shui)總量為(wei)(wei)(wei)32.7億立方(fang)(fang)米,地下水(shui)(shui)可采集量為(wei)(wei)(wei)10億立方(fang)(fang)米。?
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:赤峰市屬(shu)中溫(wen)帶半(ban)干旱大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區。冬季(ji)漫長而寒(han)冷(leng),春(chun)季(ji)干旱多大(da)風,夏季(ji)短促炎熱、雨水集中,秋季(ji)短促、氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)下(xia)降(jiang)快(kuai)、霜(shuang)凍(dong)降(jiang)臨早。大(da)部(bu)地(di)區年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)0—7℃,最(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)(1月(yue))平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)-10℃左右,極端最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-27℃;最(zui)熱月(yue)(7月(yue))平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在20—24℃之間。年降(jiang)水量的地(di)理分布受地(di)形影響十(shi)分明顯,不同地(di)區差別(bie)很大(da),有300—500毫米不等。大(da)部(bu)地(di)區年日照時數(shu)為(wei)2700—3100小時。每當5—9月(yue)天空(kong)無云時,日照時數(shu)可長達12—14小時。
地域范圍
赤峰(feng)市地(di)處內(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)(qu)東(dong)南(nan)部(bu),東(dong)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)端,西(xi)(xi)(xi)遼河(he)上游(you),大(da)興安嶺西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)段山(shan)脈與燕山(shan)北(bei)麓山(shan)地(di)、內(nei)蒙(meng)古高原(yuan)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)遼河(he)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)的復合截接部(bu)位。地(di)理坐標:北(bei)緯41°17'10"-45°24'15",東(dong)經116°21'07"-120°58'52"。總(zong)面積為(wei)(wei)90021平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)最寬375公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北(bei)最長457.5公(gong)里(li)。東(dong)南(nan)與遼寧省(sheng)朝(chao)陽市接壤,西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)與河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)承德地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)交界,西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)和北(bei)部(bu)與內(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)(qu)錫林(lin)郭勒盟接連,東(dong)與通(tong)遼市毗鄰。赤峰(feng)小米農產(chan)品地(di)理標志保(bao)護范圍為(wei)(wei)赤峰(feng)市12旗(qi)縣區(qu)(qu)(qu)132個蘇木(鄉鎮),2014年赤峰(feng)谷子播種面積96344公(gong)頃(qing),總(zong)產(chan)量為(wei)(wei)238610噸,單產(chan)為(wei)(wei)2477公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃(qing)。
品質特性特征
1、外在感官(guan)特(te)征(zheng):赤峰的氣候(hou)條件決定了根植于赤峰旱(han)坡地的粟耐干旱(han)、抗倒伏、適應性強、品質(zhi)優良(liang)等特(te)點(dian),致使(shi)當地谷子(粟)加工(gong)后的小米顆(ke)粒大、粒徑約為1.0-1.5毫米,粒呈(cheng)圓形(xing)、晶(jing)瑩(ying)透明,小米適口(kou)性好、營養豐富、金(jin)黃(huang)馨(xin)香。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指(zhi)標:赤峰的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米富含(han)人體(ti)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)、維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素、微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素,蛋(dan)白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)8.65~11.4g/100g;維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素B1含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)0.31~0.48mg/100g;維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素B6含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)0.04~0.05mg/100g;維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素E含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)0.79~1.32mg/100g;葉酸含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)23.8~34.1μg/100g;磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)176~290mg/100g;鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)183~255mg/100g;營(ying)養豐富,質(zhi)純味(wei)正(zheng),香軟可口(kou),是(shi)平(ping)衡膳食(shi)、調節口(kou)味(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理想食(shi)品(pin),也非常(chang)適合懷孕(yun)期婦女及產(chan)后(hou)進補食(shi)用。正(zheng)是(shi)由(you)于赤峰的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米適口(kou)性好(hao)、營(ying)養豐富,金黃馨(xin)香的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米粥成為(wei)女人哺乳、老人患病、嬰(ying)兒(er)斷奶的(de)(de)(de)(de)首選食(shi)物。