芒果视频

形態特征

高大草本，高40-160厘米，大部分地下生。莖不(bu)分枝或(huo)自基部分2-4枝，下部直徑(jing)可達5-10（-15）厘米(mi)，向上漸變(bian)細，直徑(jing)2-5厘米(mi)。葉寬卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)三角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)0.5-1.5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，寬1-2厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，生于莖下部的較密，上(shang)部的較稀疏并變狹，披(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)狹披(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)2-4厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，寬0.5-1厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，兩面無毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)序(xu)穗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，長(chang)(chang)15-50厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，直徑4-7厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)；花(hua)(hua)序(xu)下半部或(huo)(huo)全部苞(bao)(bao)片(pian)較長(chang)(chang)，與(yu)花(hua)(hua)冠等長(chang)(chang)或(huo)(huo)稍長(chang)(chang)，卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、披(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，連同小苞(bao)(bao)片(pian)和花(hua)(hua)冠裂片(pian)外面及邊緣疏被柔毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)近無毛(mao)；小苞(bao)(bao)片(pian)2枚，卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)披(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，與(yu)花(hua)(hua)萼等長(chang)(chang)或(huo)(huo)稍長(chang)(chang)。

花(hua)萼鐘狀，長(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，頂(ding)端(duan)5淺裂，裂片近(jin)圓形，長(chang)(chang)2.5-4毫米(mi)(mi)，寬3-5毫米(mi)(mi)。花(hua)冠筒狀鐘形，長(chang)(chang)3-4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，頂(ding)端(duan)5裂，裂片近(jin)半圓形，長(chang)(chang)4-6毫米(mi)(mi)，寬0.6-1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，邊緣常稍外(wai)卷，顏色有變異，淡黃白色或淡紫色，干后(hou)常變棕褐(he)色。雄蕊4枚，花(hua)絲(si)著生于(yu)距筒基部(bu)5-6毫米(mi)(mi)處，長(chang)(chang)1.5-2.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，基部(bu)被皺曲長(chang)(chang)柔毛，花(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)卵(luan)形，長(chang)(chang)3.5-4.5毫米(mi)(mi)，密被長(chang)(chang)柔毛，基部(bu)有驟(zou)尖頭。

子房橢(tuo)圓形(xing)，長約1厘米(mi)，基部(bu)有(you)蜜(mi)腺(xian)，花(hua)(hua)柱比(bi)雄(xiong)蕊稍長，無毛，柱頭近球(qiu)形(xing)。蒴果卵球(qiu)形(xing)，長1.5-2.7厘米(mi)，直(zhi)徑1.3-1.4厘米(mi)，項(xiang)端常具宿存的花(hua)(hua)柱，2瓣開裂。種子橢(tuo)圓形(xing)或近卵形(xing)，長約0.6-1毫米(mi)，外面(mian)網狀，有(you)光澤。花(hua)(hua)期5-6月，果期6-8月。

產地分布

產內蒙古(gu)、寧夏（阿佐旗）、甘肅(su)（昌馬）及新疆和田。模式標(biao)本采自內蒙古(gu)巴彥(yan)淖爾盟阿拉善旗。

生長環境

喜生(sheng)(sheng)于輕度(du)鹽漬化(hua)的(de)(de)松軟沙(sha)地(di)(di)上(shang)，一般生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)在(zai)沙(sha)地(di)(di)或半固定沙(sha)丘、干(gan)涸老河床(chuang)、湖盆低地(di)(di)等(deng)，生(sheng)(sheng)境條件很差。適宜生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)區的(de)(de)氣候干(gan)旱(han)(han)，降雨量少(shao)，蒸(zheng)發量大，日照時數(shu)長(chang)，晝(zhou)夜溫差大。土(tu)壤以灰(hui)棕漠(mo)土(tu)、棕漠(mo)土(tu)為(wei)主。寄主梭(suo)梭(suo)為(wei)強旱(han)(han)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。肉蓯蓉多寄生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)其(qi)30-100厘米(mi)深的(de)(de)側根上(shang)。生(sheng)(sheng)于海拔225-1150m的(de)(de)荒漠(mo)中(zhong)，寄生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)藜科植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)梭(suo)梭(suo)、白梭(suo)梭(suo)等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)根上(shang)。

內蒙古肉蓯蓉歷史淵源

內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)古肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)是(shi)寄(ji)生在(zai)荒(huang)漠植(zhi)物(wu)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)根(gen)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)珍(zhen)貴藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材，在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳統中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材中(zhong)(zhong)已有近(jin)2000年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)歷(li)史，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)古今著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典籍論(lun)著中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)環境、外(wai)形(xing)特征、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)食特性、經(jing)濟價值、歷(li)史淵源(yuan)等(deng)均有詳(xiang)(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。如我國(guo)(guo)(guo)現存歷(li)史最(zui)悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)學專(zhuan)著 ——《神農本草(cao)經(jing)》中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)有詳(xiang)(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)載：“肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)，味甘(gan)，微溫，主五勞七(qi)傷(shang)，補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)（莖(jing)）中(zhong)(zhong)，除莖(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)寒熱痛(tong)，養五臟，強陰，益精(jing)氣(qi)(qi)”。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)現存記(ji)載最(zui)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)學專(zhuan)著 ——《本草(cao)綱(gang)目》中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)有詳(xiang)(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)載“此(ci)(ci)物(wu)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)而不(bu)峻，故(gu)有從容之號，氣(qi)(qi)味甘(gan)、微溫、無毒，主治五勞七(qi)傷(shang)，補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)，除莖(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)寒熱痛(tong)，養五臟，強陰益精(jing)氣(qi)(qi)，多子(zi)”。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)權威(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)執行標準——《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)亦(yi)有詳(xiang)(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)載“肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)腎(shen)陽，益精(jing)血，潤腸通便。用(yong)于腎(shen)陽不(bu)足，精(jing)血虧虛，陽痿不(bu)孕，筋骨無力(li)，腸燥(zao)便秘”。關于內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)古肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)，在(zai)當地(di)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)古族(zu)牧(mu)民(min)中(zhong)(zhong)有這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)個流(liu)傳久(jiu)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事，傳說當年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代天驕成吉(ji)思汗在(zai)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十三(san)冀(ji)之戰中(zhong)(zhong)，與(yu)對(dui)(dui)手札木(mu)(mu)合集結重(zhong)兵大(da)戰，成吉(ji)思汗暫時失利，被圍困于長(chang)(chang)滿(man)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙漠中(zhong)(zhong)，饑渴難耐，人(ren)困馬乏，此(ci)(ci)時正值農歷(li)三(san)九的(de)(de)(de)(de)第三(san)天，天寒地(di)凍，示(shi)威(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)扎木(mu)(mu)合當眾殘忍(ren)地(di)把俘(fu)虜(lu)用(yong)大(da)鍋煮殺，不(bu)料(liao)卻激怒(nu)了天神，天神派(pai)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)神馬一(yi)(yi)(yi)躍(yue)到(dao)成吉(ji)思汗面前，仰天長(chang)(chang)嘯，將精(jing)血射到(dao)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)根(gen)部，然后用(yong)蹄子(zi)刨出大(da)量(liang)像神馬生殖器一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)塊根(gen)，這(zhe)塊根(gen)即肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)，成吉(ji)思汗與(yu)將領們吃了肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)，神力(li)涌現，沖下(xia)沙山，一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉擊潰(kui)扎木(mu)(mu)合部落，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)戰乃為統一(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)古奠定(ding)了基礎，并(bing)由此(ci)(ci)拉開(kai)征服歐亞(ya)大(da)陸的(de)(de)(de)(de)序幕。傳說歸傳說。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來，人(ren)們對(dui)(dui)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化學成分(fen)和藥(yao)(yao)(yao)理作用(yong)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步分(fen)析(xi)，發現除了具有傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)腎(shen)功(gong)能(neng)外(wai)，更兼有抵(di)抗衰老、增強記(ji)憶(yi)、提高免疫力(li)等(deng)各種(zhong)功(gong)能(neng)。

內蒙古肉蓯蓉的知名度：

內(nei)蒙古(gu)肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是沙漠地(di)區特有(you)的(de)(de)名貴中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，具有(you)獨特的(de)(de)補腎，抗(kang)(kang)衰老(lao)(lao)(lao)，抗(kang)(kang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)癡呆，調節免疫，抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化，增強體力，抗(kang)(kang)輻射，鎮靜，促進(jin)傷(shang)口(kou)愈合(he)，保(bao)(bao)護缺(que)血心肌，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)消化功能，保(bao)(bao)護神經(jing)，保(bao)(bao)肝(gan)，通便，腫(zhong)瘤輔助治療，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)記憶力等(deng)15—16種(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)功能，被譽為(wei)“沙漠人(ren)(ren)參(can)”而(er)馳名中(zhong)外。原(yuan)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)大常委會副委員長吳階平(ping)院士(shi)在(zai)(zai)首屆(jie)肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)學(xue)術研(yan)討會稱肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是“大漠絕品(pin)(pin)、中(zhong)華奇藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”。在(zai)(zai)《神草(cao)農本草(cao)經(jing)》中(zhong)將其(qi)(qi)列為(wei)上品(pin)(pin)，在(zai)(zai)歷代中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典籍中(zhong)，肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)出現頻度最高(gao)，而(er)在(zai)(zai)抗(kang)(kang)衰老(lao)(lao)(lao)、延年(nian)類藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)古(gu)方中(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)出現頻率(lv)僅次于人(ren)(ren)參(can)，居(ju)第(di)二位。目(mu)前(qian)，隨著經(jing)濟發(fa)展，生(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)平(ping)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)和社會人(ren)(ren)口(kou)老(lao)(lao)(lao)齡化，養(yang)身保(bao)(bao)健(jian)和綠(lv)色原(yuan)生(sheng)態產品(pin)(pin)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)被人(ren)(ren)們(men)重視(shi)和青睞(lai)，“回(hui)歸(gui)大自然”和“綠(lv)色消費(fei)”熱(re)潮風靡全(quan)球，天(tian)然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物在(zai)(zai)消費(fei)者(zhe)心目(mu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)地(di)位不斷提(ti)(ti)升(sheng),人(ren)(ren)們(men)普遍希望于靠天(tian)然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物治病，已解決(jue)化學(xue)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物的(de)(de)毒副作用(yong)(yong)、抗(kang)(kang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性及藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)源(yuan)性疾病等(deng)問(wen)題。因此，人(ren)(ren)們(men)紛紛尋(xun)求(qiu)健(jian)康的(de)(de)希望轉向了純天(tian)然、無污染、素有(you)綠(lv)色藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)美譽之稱的(de)(de)中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。內(nei)蒙古(gu)肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)作為(wei)中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已有(you)2000多年(nian)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)歷史(shi)，目(mu)前(qian)，其(qi)(qi)主要(yao)產品(pin)(pin)有(you)肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)酒、肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)口(kou)服(fu)液、肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠囊、肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)保(bao)(bao)健(jian)飲料、肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)茶、肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)濃縮液以及各種(zhong)含有(you)肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)分的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)丸、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膏、片劑(ji)、粉劑(ji)等(deng)產品(pin)(pin)，不斷研(yan)發(fa)推出的(de)(de)新(xin)產品(pin)(pin)跨(kua)越(yue)了醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領域(yu)，廣泛進(jin)入食品(pin)(pin)、美容保(bao)(bao)健(jian)、養(yang)身等(deng)高(gao)檔生(sheng)活(huo)領域(yu)。肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產品(pin)(pin)消費(fei)不但在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)日(ri)(ri)漸看好，而(er)且已進(jin)入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際市場，深受(shou)漢文化影響的(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)本、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和東南亞(ya)一帶(dai)需求(qiu)也很(hen)可(ke)觀，每年(nian)從我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)口(kou)大量(liang)的(de)(de)干(gan)品(pin)(pin)肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。而(er)且，不論在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)界(jie)還是在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)界(jie)，普遍認為(wei)內(nei)蒙古(gu)肉蓯(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是道地(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)。