蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現(xian)下(xia)(xia)列(lie)情況之(zhi)一(yi)時應進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)：電(dian)(dian)解液比重(zhong)降至1.2以下(xia)(xia)；冬季放(fang)電(dian)(dian)超(chao)過25%；夏季放(fang)電(dian)(dian)超(chao)過50%；燈光暗淡；啟(qi)動無力(li)。

有的(de)車主認(ren)為，快速充(chong)電可以(yi)節省時間，只需要3-5個小時。其(qi)實不然，快速充(chong)電只是(shi)迅(xun)速把電池(chi)表面(mian)激活(huo)，而實際上(shang)電池(chi)內部(bu)是(shi)沒有 完全充(chong)滿(man)電的(de)。

除了快速充(chong)電(dian)之外，還有(you)一種為慢充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間為10-15個小時(shi)(shi)，那些深虧(kui)電(dian)池(chi)就必須進行(xing)慢充(chong)電(dian)，否則充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)夠，充(chong)電(dian)量不(bu)足 ，會直接影響(xiang)到汽車的(de)行(xing)駛性能。雖說充(chong)電(dian)是個相當(dang)簡單(dan)的(de)操作，但也(ye)有(you)一些注意事(shi)項：1、向鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，要穿上保護衣。2、充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)， 蓄電(dian)池(chi)附近(jin)不(bu)能有(you)火花(hua)，禁止抽煙(yan)。3、對一個或對多(duo)個蓄電(dian)池(chi)并(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)壓不(bu)要超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)首次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)有(you)很大的(de)影響。若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，則蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)不(bu)高，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)也短；若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)量(liang)，則蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能雖然好，但(dan)也會縮短它(ta)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，所以新蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要(yao)小心(xin)謹慎地進行初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于(yu)普(pu)通蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前一定要(yao)按充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規范進行初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于(yu)干(gan)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，按使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu)，雖然在規定的(de)兩(liang)年(nian)儲(chu)存期(qi)內若需使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，只要(yao)加(jia)入(ru)規定密(mi)度的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱置(zhi)15min，不(bu)需要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)即可投入(ru)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。但(dan)是，如(ru)果儲(chu)存期(qi)超(chao)過(guo)兩(liang)年(nian)，由于(yu)極(ji)板上有(you)部分氧化，為了提(ti)高其電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前應進行補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后再用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員常(chang)忽(hu)視對(dui)(dui)在用(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在車(che)上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)徹底(di)，易造成(cheng)極(ji)板硫化(hua)；同時(shi)，在使(shi)用(yong)中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是不(bu)(bu)平衡的(de)(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期(qi)處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板就會(hui)慢慢硫化(hua)。這種慢性硫化(hua)，會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)(bu)斷降低，直到起動(dong)無力，大大縮(suo)短蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。為使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板上的(de)(de)活性物質及時(shi)得到還原(yuan)，減少極(ji)板硫化(hua)，提高蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量，延長其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，對(dui)(dui)在用(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應(ying)定期(qi)進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄電池(chi)經常過量(liang)充(chong)電，即使充(chong)電電流不大，但電解液長時間“沸騰(teng)”，除了活性物質表面的細小顆(ke)粒易于脫落外，還(huan)會使柵架(jia)過分氧(yang)化，造(zao)成活性物質與柵架(jia)松散(san)剝離。

充電時極性充反

由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)材料(liao)不同，除了活性(xing)(xing)物質外，負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和(he)松香等材料(liao)，用來防止負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)收縮和(he)氧化。另外，每個單格蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)數(shu)又總是比(bi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)數(shu)多(duo)一片，而且負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)比(bi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)略薄。當進行蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，若不注(zhu)意極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)，會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充反(fan)(fan)，使(shi)正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)幾(ji)乎(hu)都變(bian)成粗晶(jing)粒的(de)PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)量不足(zu)，不能(neng)正(zheng)常工作，甚至導致蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池報廢。因(yin)此，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時一定(ding)要注(zhu)意極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)，切不可極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)充反(fan)(fan)。

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