蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現(xian)下(xia)列情況之一時應(ying)進行充電：電解液比重(zhong)降至1.2以下(xia)；冬季放(fang)電超過25%；夏季放(fang)電超過50%；燈光暗淡(dan)；啟動無力。

有的車主(zhu)認為(wei)，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)可(ke)以節省時間，只需要3-5個小(xiao)時。其實(shi)不然，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)只是(shi)迅(xun)速把電(dian)池(chi)(chi)表面(mian)激活，而(er)實(shi)際(ji)上電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部是(shi)沒有 完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)的。

除了快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之外(wai)，還有(you)一(yi)(yi)種為(wei)慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間為(wei)10-15個小時，那些深虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)必須進行(xing)慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間不夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足 ，會直接(jie)影響到汽車的行(xing)駛性能。雖說充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是個相當簡單(dan)的操作，但(dan)也有(you)一(yi)(yi)些注意(yi)事(shi)項：1、向鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要(yao)穿上(shang)保護衣。2、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時， 蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)附近(jin)不能有(you)火花(hua)，禁止抽煙。3、對(dui)一(yi)(yi)個或對(dui)多個蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不要(yao)超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)首次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)影(ying)響。若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)不(bu)高，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命也(ye)短(duan)；若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過量(liang)，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能雖然(ran)好，但也(ye)會縮短(duan)它的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命，所以新蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要小心謹慎地進行(xing)(xing)初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)一定(ding)要按充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規范進行(xing)(xing)初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)干(gan)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，按使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)說明書，雖然(ran)在規定(ding)的(de)兩年儲存期(qi)內若需使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，只要加(jia)入(ru)規定(ding)密度的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱置15min，不(bu)需要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可(ke)投入(ru)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。但是，如果(guo)儲存期(qi)超過兩年，由于(yu)極板上有(you)部分氧化，為(wei)了提(ti)高其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)應進行(xing)(xing)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后再用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員(yuan)常忽視對在(zai)(zai)用車(che)(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)車(che)(che)上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹底，易造成極板硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)；同時，在(zai)(zai)使用中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不(bu)平衡的，倘(tang)若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)大于(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長(chang)期處于(yu)(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板就會(hui)(hui)慢慢硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)。這種慢性(xing)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)，會(hui)(hui)使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)不(bu)斷降低(di)，直到起動無力，大大縮短蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使用壽(shou)命。為使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板上的活性(xing)物質及時得到還原，減少極板硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)，提高蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)，延長(chang)其使用壽(shou)命，對在(zai)(zai)用車(che)(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)池經常過量充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，即使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流不大，但電(dian)解液(ye)長時間“沸騰”，除(chu)了活性(xing)物質表(biao)面的細小顆粒易于(yu)脫落外，還會使柵架(jia)過分氧化(hua)，造成活性(xing)物質與柵架(jia)松(song)散(san)剝(bo)離(li)。

充電時極性充反

由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材料不(bu)(bu)同，除了活(huo)性(xing)物質外，負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)還添加了硫酸(suan)鋇(bei)、腐殖酸(suan)、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止(zhi)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格(ge)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)數(shu)(shu)又總(zong)是比(bi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)數(shu)(shu)多一片，而且負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)比(bi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)略薄(bo)。當進行蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，若不(bu)(bu)注意(yi)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)，會使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充反，使正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)幾乎都變成粗(cu)晶粒的PbSO4，造(zao)成蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)(bu)足，不(bu)(bu)能正(zheng)常工(gong)作，甚至(zhi)導致蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報(bao)廢。因(yin)此，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)一定要注意(yi)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)，切不(bu)(bu)可極(ji)(ji)性(xing)充反。

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