地(di)(di)母娘娘即后(hou)土(tu)(tu),也稱(cheng)地(di)(di)姥娘娘、地(di)(di)母元(yuan)(yuan)君、虛空地(di)(di)母至尊(zun)、后(hou)土(tu)(tu)夫(fu)人。天地(di)(di)動靜,陰陽(yang)互根。天欲(yu)化(hua)物,陰陽(yang)交(jiao)合,上取天精,下(xia)取地(di)(di)精,陰陽(yang)孕化(hua),氣(qi)運成塵(chen),塵(chen)有玄道,精微聚合,漸始初生(sheng)(sheng),生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)之類(lei),人立(li)其中。女媧為鳳,玄始天尊(zun),補天造人,確立(li)婚姻。后(hou)土(tu)(tu)神的產生(sheng)(sheng),源于古(gu)人自然崇拜中的土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)與女性崇拜,大約在唐朝(公元(yuan)(yuan)618年)以(yi)后(hou),民(min)間乃稱為(wei)后(hou)土娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)。宋代以(yi)后(hou),道教(jiao)列為(wei)四御尊神(shen)之一,執掌陰陽生育、萬(wan)物之美與山川之秀,道觀并設后(hou)土殿。民(min)間建后(hou)土娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)祠,每年農歷十月十八日(ri)相傳是后(hou)土娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)圣誕日(ri),隆(long)重(zhong)祭祀之。她被稱為(wei)大地(di)(di)之母(mu),是最早(zao)的(de)地(di)(di)上之王(wang)。
拜地母娘娘可求什么?
千百(bai)年來,民眾為(wei)(wei)了生(sheng)存達到豐衣足食(shi)、安居(ju)樂業之目的,建廟塑像祭祀(si)地母(mu),以求賜福滅災(zai),給眾生(sheng)帶來吉祥康泰。敬奉(feng)祈祀(si)地母(mu)神已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)歷代民眾極為(wei)(wei)虔(qian)誠的宗教信仰之盛(sheng)舉(ju)。
地母娘娘祭祀
地母祭,又稱“祭土主”,是梁河一帶阿昌族為祭祀先祖遮帕麻和遮米瑪而舉行的民間宗教節日,一年舉行3次,分別(bie)在農歷(li)二(er)月(yue)(yue)馬日(ri),五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)廿八日(ri),六月(yue)(yue)廿五(wu)(wu)日(ri)。第(di)一(yi)次祭祀(si)祈求(qiu)(qiu)先(xian)祖(zu)保(bao)佑子民平(ping)安,第(di)二(er)次祭祀(si)祈求(qiu)(qiu)先(xian)祖(zu)保(bao)佑六畜興旺,第(di)三次祭祀(si)祈求(qiu)(qiu)先(xian)祖(zu)保(bao)佑五(wu)(wu)谷(gu)豐登(deng)。祭日(ri)要停工(gong)一(yi)天(tian),禁動(dong)土、舂米(mi)、外人(ren)進寨。
立誓永(yong)遠保佑藏土(tu)的(de)十二尊主要地(di)(di)祇女(nv)神(shen)(shen):遐邇名揚地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、頁巖孚佑地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、普賢地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、魔后地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)等為四魔女(nv)神(shen)(shen);獨(du)具支眼地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、賢德明妃(fei)地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、剛烈尊勝地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、白(bai)衣龍后地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)等為四藥(yao)叉女(nv)神(shen)(shen);藏土(tu)孚佑地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、太一(yi)濟世地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、麗(li)質(zhi)冰心地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、翠聰(cong)綠(lv)炬地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)等為四女(nv)醫(yi)神(shen)(shen)。
地母娘娘象征意義
地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)神(shen)(shen)、大(da)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)母(mu)(mu)或(huo)母(mu)(mu)神(shen)(shen)是(shi)指(zhi)專(zhuan)司繁殖(zhi)力(li)及象征大(da)地(di)(di)(di)恩(en)惠的(de)女(nv)神(shen)(shen),在這個(ge)范疇中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并不(bu)是(shi)所有的(de)女(nv)神(shen)(shen)都能被稱呼為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)神(shen)(shen)。在世界各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)神(shen)(shen)話里,能被歸類(lei)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)神(shen)(shen)的(de)神(shen)(shen)祇(zhi)在其神(shen)(shen)話體系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都是(shi)強力(li)母(mu)(mu)權(quan)的(de)掌握(wo)者(zhe)。在性力(li)派中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)女(nv)神(shen)(shen)是(shi)她(ta)化身。有些女(nv)性主義者(zhe)相信信仰(yang)宗教的(de)男性希望透過丑化這些女(nv)性神(shen)(shen)祇(zhi)從而以另一個(ge)男性神(shen)(shen)去取代異性的(de)主權(quan)。
地母廟
地母廟(miao)位于省級名勝南沙河風景區內的佛教圣(sheng)地五郎關,距(ju)縣城(cheng)約(yue)20公(gong)里(li),相關古建筑有(you)“回(hui)龍寺”,大雄寶殿(dian)等(deng)。五座大殿(dian)雕梁畫棟、飛檐翹(qiao)角(jiao)、琉(liu)璃綠瓦(wa)、龍纏紅柱,在蒼松古柏掩映下顯得(de)雄壯巍峨,金(jin)碧輝煌。
城固地母廟興(xing)建于東漢獻帝二(er)年(公元191年)。距今已有1800多年,歷朝歷代(dai)民(min)眾虔誠拜(bai)竭,香火鼎(ding)盛。清代(dai)后期(qi)信奉地(di)(di)母(mu)傳入臺灣,蜚聲(sheng)海內(nei)外,故(gu)臺灣地(di)(di)區流傳的(de)《地(di)(di)母(mu)經(jing)》卷首載有“光緒(xu)九年正月初九陜西漢中府城(cheng)固地(di)(di)母(mu)廟飛鸞傳經(jing)”之說。近年來(lai)臺灣宗教人(ren)士和(he)旅(lv)游團體,頻繁前來(lai)城(cheng)固旅(lv)游觀光、尋根(gen)問祖,拜(bai)竭地(di)(di)母(mu)圣神。
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