船舶是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種主(zhu)要在地理水中運行的(de)(de)人造交通工(gong)具。另外，民用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)稱為(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，軍用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱為(wei)艦，小型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱為(wei)艇(ting)或舟，其(qi)總稱為(wei)艦船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)或船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艇(ting)。內部(bu)主(zhu)要包(bao)括容納空間(jian)、支(zhi)撐結構和(he)排水結構，具有利(li)用(yong)(yong)外在或自帶能源(yuan)的(de)(de)推進系統。外型一(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)于克服流體阻力的(de)(de)流線性(xing)包(bao)絡，材料隨著科技進步不斷更新(xin)，早(zao)期為(wei)木(mu)、竹(zhu)、麻等(deng)自然材料，近代多(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼材以(yi)及鋁、玻(bo)璃纖維(wei)、亞克力和(he)各(ge)種復合材料。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由許多(duo)(duo)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)構成的(de)(de)，按各(ge)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)和(he)用(yong)(yong)途(tu)，可綜合歸納為(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)動力裝(zhuang)置、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)電(dian)氣等(deng)三大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體是(shi)(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)基本部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)主(zhu)體部(bu)分(fen)(fen)和(he)上(shang)層建筑部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。主(zhu)體部(bu)分(fen)(fen)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)指上(shang)甲板以(yi)下的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)由船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)殼(船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)底及船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)側)和(he)上(shang)甲板圍成的(de)(de)具有特定形狀的(de)(de)空心體，是(shi)(shi)(shi)保證船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)具有所需浮力、航海性(xing)能和(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體強度的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體一(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)于布(bu)置動力裝(zhuang)置、裝(zhuang)載貨物、儲存燃油和(he)淡水，以(yi)及布(bu)置其(qi)他(ta)各(ge)種艙(cang)室。