簡介
在(zai)南(nan)安縣豐州(zhou)鎮旭山村金雞(ji)自(zi)然村后九(jiu)日(ri)山上。山有(you)東(dong)、西(xi)、北(bei)三臺,據記載,自(zi)晉代以(yi)來(lai)歷代均有(you)石(shi)刻,現僅存北(bei)宋(song)(song)至清代摩(mo)崖石(shi)刻75方,分(fen)布于東(dong)西(xi)兩臺,以(yi)宋(song)(song)刻居多。內容(rong)有(you)景跡(ji)題(ti)名,登(deng)臨(lin)題(ti)詩,游(you)覽題(ti)名,修建記事,海(hai)(hai)(hai)交(jiao)祈風等(deng)。其中有(you)關海(hai)(hai)(hai)外(wai)交(jiao)通、航海(hai)(hai)(hai)祈風石(shi)刻13方,記載自(zi)北(bei)宋(song)(song)崇寧三年(1104年)至南(nan)宋(song)(song)咸淳(chun)二年(1266年)泉(quan)州(zhou)市舶司及(ji)(ji)郡守等(deng)地方官(guan)員登(deng)臨(lin)及(ji)(ji)為番(fan)船祈風的史(shi)實。是研究宋(song)(song)代泉(quan)州(zhou)港海(hai)(hai)(hai)外(wai)交(jiao)通的珍(zhen)貴史(shi)料,也是中國人民(min)與亞非人民(min)友好往來(lai)的歷史(shi)見證。書(shu)法有(you)真、行、隸(li)、篆。以(yi)宋(song)(song)蔡襄、蘇(su)才翁、蘇(su)紳、虞仲(zhong)房及(ji)(ji)清代馬負書(shu)所題(ti)為佳。現摩(mo)崖石(shi)刻保(bao)存完好,為全國重點文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
歷史
九日山(shan)“山(shan)中無石(shi)不刻(ke)字”,現存宋元以來的摩崖題刻(ke)70多段(duan)(duan),按內(nei)容(rong)分(fen),海交祈(qi)風(feng)13段(duan)(duan),景跡(ji)題名(ming)15段(duan)(duan),游記詩刻(ke)11段(duan)(duan),登(deng)覽留名(ming)29段(duan)(duan),修建紀事7段(duan)(duan),其中有1174-1266年(南(nan)宋時(shi))記敘祭海神、祈(qi)風(feng)順的石(shi)刻(ke)十段(duan)(duan),最為獨具(ju),是泉州海上絲(si)綢之(zhi)路的珍貴史跡(ji)。
由于泉州(zhou)在古時(shi)海上交通(tong)就很(hen)發達,人(ren)們為了求得行船順(shun)風(feng),常要舉行“祈風(feng)儀式”,這些石刻是(shi)古泉州(zhou)海外交通(tong)的重(zhong)要史(shi)跡(ji),也(ye)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)與亞非(fei)各(ge)國(guo)人(ren)民友好往(wang)來(lai)的歷史(shi)見證。
又:宋朝,官(guan)府為迎(ying)送蕃商首(shou)領,鼓勵來泉(quan)(quan)貿易,每年春夏秋冬之(zhi)交,泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)府郡及市舶(bo)司的(de)高級官(guan)員,都在(zai)九(jiu)日山南麓的(de)延(yan)福寺、昭惠廟舉行(xing)“冬譴舶(bo)、夏回舶(bo)”兩次祈(qi)風盛典,敬祭海(hai)神,向通遠(yuan)王(wang)祈(qi)求賜風,讓(rang)商舶(bo)在(zai)海(hai)上往返暢行(xing)。儀(yi)典由泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)郡守、南外宗正、提舉市舶(bo)主持,隆(long)重肅穆(mu),禮(li)畢勒石記事。
現存明確(que)記(ji)述(shu)(shu)有關海交及祈(qi)風經過的(de)石(shi)刻,有北宋(song)崇寧(ning)三年(nian)(1104年(nian))至南宋(song)咸淳(chun)二年(nian)(1266年(nian))的(de)13方,清(qing)楚記(ji)述(shu)(shu)祈(qi)風時間、地點、參加者姓名,以及“車馬(ma)之跡盈其庭,水陸之物充其俎,成物命不(bu)知其幾百數焉”的(de)盛況。九日山現存最早(zao)的(de)一方祈(qi)風石(shi)刻,是南宋(song)·淳(chun)熙元年(nian)(1174年(nian))十(shi)二月(yue)初(chu)一,市舶提舉虞仲(zhong)房在延福寺通遠王(wang)祠舉行(xing)祈(qi)風典禮的(de)勒石(shi)紀事(shi)。
九日山
一(yi)說因(yin)晉(jin)代南遷者,每年農歷九月初九在此登山(shan)高(gao)瞻遠(yuan)望,故(gu)稱之;另說曾有一(yi)道人,從德(de)化戴云(yun)山(shan)走九日至此,故(gu)名。該山(shan)歷史悠(you)久,自唐(tang)以來,文(wen)人墨(mo)客曾先后(hou)登臨或隱居于此。山(shan)勢(shi)疊疊奔騰,高(gao)在百米(mi)左右,巖石懸崖,巖峣(yao)崢(zheng)嶸,綠樹掩映(ying)(ying)搖翠,山(shan)前晉(jin)江(jiang)流水蜿蜒蕩漾(yang)(yang),真是“溪流灣漾(yang)(yang),峰巒映(ying)(ying)發,奧街明秀(xiu),隱為(wei)一(yi)區“,風景(jing)優美(mei),文(wen)物薈萃,成為(wei)泉州著名的(de)游(you)覽區之一(yi)。
風景簡介
山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)北(bei)三(san)峰,其形(xing)如(ru)鉗。西(xi)峰因唐代名(ming)詩人秦系在此隱居,放稱(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)士峰,或稱(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)臺(tai)。頂峰有五代石(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)造像,稱(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)為(wei)五代陳(chen)洪進所倡刻,高(gao) 4.5米,寬1.5米,袒(tan)胸盤(pan)坐于(yu)蓮(lian)座上(shang),衣紋流暢(chang)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng),為(wei)泉(quan)州最(zui)早的石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕造像,外(wai)筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)亭,以保護石(shi)(shi)(shi)像,全系石(shi)(shi)(shi)構,硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)屋(wu)頂,面闊進深,均具一間(jian)(jian),呈方形(xing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)峰因唐代宰相姜公輔貶(bian)謫隸泉(quan),寄跡(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中,卒后(hou)葬此,故名(ming)姜相峰,或稱(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai),又因其形(xing)似麒麟(lin),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)麒麟(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。北(bei)峰連接東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩峰,叫北(bei)臺(tai),三(san)峰環(huan)抱成一塢,曰(yue)白云塢。塢中白云出岫,碧譚幽間(jian)(jian),出峽南注,為(wei)菩薩泉(quan)勝跡(ji)。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓原有西(xi)晉太康九年(公元228年)乃泉(quan)州最(zui)早佛(fo)(fo)教寺院。南朝印度高(gao)僧拘那羅陀在此翻譯金(jin)剛經(jing),學習漢語,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)還(huan)留(liu)有翻經(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)古跡(ji)。
山中古跡
山中(zhong)古跡(ji)遍布(bu),目(mu)前(qian)僅(jin)留(liu)(liu)八十余處,多(duo)數集中(zhong)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)峰東(dong)(dong)(dong)坡和(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)峰南(nan)麓,最珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)為(wei)宋(song)元祈(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)石刻,包括明代摩崖石刻有(you)(you)七(qi)十余處。因宋(song)元時(shi)間(jian),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)海外交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)相當(dang)(dang)發達(da),亞非(fei)人(ren)(ren)民每(mei)年(nian)往來(lai)于(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)很多(duo)。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)來(lai)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)經(jing)營海外貿易的(de)(de)番(fan)舶(bo)(bo),要(yao)(yao)靠風(feng)(feng)駕船。來(lai)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)番(fan)舶(bo)(bo)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)春(chun)(chun)夏(xia)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)而(er)來(lai),秋(qiu)間(jian)則順西(xi)北風(feng)(feng)而(er)去(qu)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)政府(fu)和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)民重視外賓的(de)(de)友好(hao)關(guan)系,每(mei)年(nian)番(fan)舶(bo)(bo)揚(yang)帆之(zhi)際,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)郡(jun)守和(he)(he)市舶(bo)(bo)(海關(guan))有(you)(you)關(guan)官員(yuan)及泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)知(zhi)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)士,都要(yao)(yao)登(deng)九日山昭惠(hui)廟,在(zai)通(tong)(tong)遠王(wang)(wang)祠為(wei)番(fan)舶(bo)(bo)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng),并刻石留(liu)(liu)記(ji)。來(lai)代石刻有(you)(you)十方記(ji)載有(you)(you)關(guan)海交(jiao)職事(shi)和(he)(he)海交(jiao)交(jiao)渲(xuan)活動情(qing)況(kuang),“有(you)(you)郡(jun)守倪思正甫,提舶(bo)(bo)全茂(mao)實騰,遵(zun)令典(dian)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)昭惠(hui)廟……”,“大(da)守貳(er)卿顏頤仲,禱(dao)回舶(bo)(bo)南(nan)風(feng)(feng),遵(zun)齊(qi)曲也,提舶(bo)(bo)寺(si)丞劉克遜俱禱(dao)焉……”,“舶(bo)(bo)司歲兩祈(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)通(tong)(tong)遠王(wang)(wang)廟……”,“以遣(qian)舶(bo)(bo)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)延福(fu)(fu)寺(si),通(tong)(tong)遠善劉廣福(fu)(fu)王(wang)(wang)祠下,修故(gu)事(shi)也”等。《泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)府(fu)志(zhi)》記(ji)載“神(shen)(shen)永春(chun)(chun)樂山山隱士也,居臺峰,后仙去(qu),著(zhu)靈響(xiang),人(ren)(ren)飼之(zhi),呼嗡爹。唐咸通(tong)(tong)中(zhong),山僧欲建寺(si),求材樂山,遇一翁白須(xu)指其處,得杞、楠(nan)、夢許護送,一夕(xi)材乘漲下,眾(zhong)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)。作靈樂祠,名(ming)殿神(shen)(shen)色,宋(song)封神(shen)(shen)通(tong)(tong)遠王(wang)(wang),賜額照事(shi)。嘉祐中(zhong),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)大(da)旱,宋(song)蔡忠惠(hui)求雨輒應,奏加(jia)封善利(li)王(wang)(wang),尋加(jia)號廣福(fu)(fu),顯(xian)濟(ji)。”