簡介
泉(quan)州府文(wen)(wen)廟是全國重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單位,其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)規(gui)(gui)模宏(hong)大,是集(ji)宋(song)、元、明、清四朝代的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式的孔廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群;歷史悠久(jiu),規(gui)(gui)制(zhi)完整,氣勢宏(hong)大,文(wen)(wen)化內涵豐厚,是東南(nan)地區聞名遐邇的最大的文(wen)(wen)廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群;布局勻(yun)稱,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)優美,造型獨特,是宋(song)代中(zhong)原文(wen)(wen)化和閩南(nan)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術的有機結合。
文(wen)廟(miao)位(wei)于市(shi)區(qu)(qu)繁華的商業區(qu)(qu)中心(xin)地段(duan),鯉(li)城區(qu)(qu)中山中路泮宮內。文(wen)廟(miao)內設(she)有(you)“泉州(zhou)府文(wen)廟(miao)文(wen)物陳列館(guan)”、“泉州(zhou)歷史名人紀念館(guan)”、“泉州(zhou)古代教育(yu)展(zhan)覽館(guan)”。
歷史
府文廟始建(jian)于唐(tang)開元末(mo)年(nian),北宋太平興(xing)國(guo)初年(nian)移(yi)建(jian)孔(kong)廟于此,太平興(xing)國(guo)七年(nian)(982年(nian))建(jian)為(wei)州學,后又遷他處,北宋大觀三年(nian)(1109年(nian))遷回,南宋紹興(xing)七年(nian)(1137年(nian))重建(jian)。
建筑
府文(wen)廟主體建(jian)筑(zhu)大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿為(wei)(wei)典型的(de)宋代重檐廡(wu)殿式結(jie)構。面闊7間(jian)35.3米(mi)(mi),進(jin)深(shen)5間(jian)22.7米(mi)(mi),斗(dou)拱抬梁式木結(jie)構,以48根(gen)白石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)承托(tuo),正(zheng)面有(you)浮雕(diao)盤龍檐柱(zhu)8根(gen),風格(ge)古樸(pu),在全國現存文(wen)廟中(zhong)甚屬罕(han)見。殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)砌露(lu)(lu)臺(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)明嵌有(you)仰(yang)蓮、復(fu)蓮、扶桑、山(shan)茶(cha)、牡丹、芙蓉等(deng)輝綠(lv)巖石(shi)(shi)浮雕(diao)。臺(tai)(tai)下通(tong)道(dao)、拜庭(ting),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)旁古榕垂蔭,庭(ting)外(wai)為(wei)(wei)半(ban)月(yue)形泮池。上有(you)元代建(jian)的(de)泮橋(qiao),梁式石(shi)(shi)構,中(zhong)部拱起,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊有(you)石(shi)(shi)構護(hu)欄。大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)筑(zhu)有(you)東(dong)(dong)廡(wu)和西(xi)(xi)廡(wu),全長112米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)10米(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)廡(wu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)正(zheng)中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門三(san)開間(jian),二進(jin)深(shen),左為(wei)(wei)金(jin)聲,右為(wei)(wei)玉(yu)振(zhen),三(san)門聯成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一體,寬(kuan)60米(mi)(mi),深(shen)10米(mi)(mi)。門外(wai)為(wei)(wei)露(lu)(lu)埕(cheng)寬(kuan)66米(mi)(mi),深(shen)60米(mi)(mi),可容數千(qian)人,左右為(wei)(wei)禮門、義路。西(xi)(xi)面臨中(zhong)山(shan)街建(jian)有(you)泮宮門。廟東(dong)(dong)有(you)明倫堂七(qi)開間(jian),寬(kuan)36.8米(mi)(mi),五進(jin)深(shen)21.4米(mi)(mi),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)寬(kuan)深(shen)36米(mi)(mi)的(de)露(lu)(lu)庭(ting),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)書(shu)齋,庭(ting)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)方(fang)池寬(kuan)29米(mi)(mi),長43.8米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)有(you)4米(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)的(de)石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao),圍以石(shi)(shi)護(hu)欄。外(wai)為(wei)(wei)育英門,再往(wang)東(dong)(dong)原存有(you)尊經(jing)閣和名宦、鄉賢祠(ci)等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)。
文物
府文(wen)廟(miao)內設有(you)(you)“泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)府文(wen)廟(miao)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)陳列(lie)館”、“泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)史(shi)名(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)紀(ji)念館”、“泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)教育(yu)展(zhan)覽館”。“泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)府文(wen)廟(miao)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)陳列(lie)館”設在(zai)大成殿(dian)內,正中有(you)(you)孔子塑像(xiang)(xiang),兩(liang)旁有(you)(you)四配(pei)十(shi)二(er)哲畫像(xiang)(xiang)。主要(yao)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)傳(chuan)世祭孔樂(le)器、舞(wu)器、禮器等。其(qi)中六件青銅豆(dou)鑄有(you)(you)“乾隆十(shi)一年(nian)臺(tai)灣知府蔣(jiang)元樞捐造,貢生(sheng)蔣(jiang)鴻皋監(jian)制(zhi)”和(he)鑄有(you)(you)“同(tong)治六年(nian)五月鑄,州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)同(tong)御即造,訓(xun)導鄭秉經(jing)郊行李樹監(jian)鑄”及“臺(tai)灣北(bei)路淡水(shui)同(tong)知嚴金清謹制(zhi)”的銘文(wen)編鐘。是研究(jiu)泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)廟(miao)與(yu)臺(tai)灣文(wen)廟(miao)的歷(li)史(shi)淵源關(guan)系的實物(wu)(wu)資料。“泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)史(shi)名(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)紀(ji)念館”設在(zai)文(wen)廟(miao)西廡,陳列(lie)有(you)(you)唐、五代(dai)(dai)(dai)、宋、元、明、清等朝代(dai)(dai)(dai)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)名(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)三十(shi)八位。這些(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)從各(ge)(ge)個歷(li)史(shi)時(shi)期反映出泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)薈萃(cui)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)杰地靈(ling),在(zai)政(zheng)治、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、經(jing)濟(ji)、軍(jun)事以(yi)(yi)(yi)及海外交通、國家(jia)統一等領(ling)域(yu)為社會以(yi)(yi)(yi)至世界作出重大貢獻。展(zhan)品使(shi)用(yong)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)彩色蠟像(xiang)(xiang)工藝制(zhi)作,配(pei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)精制(zhi)各(ge)(ge)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)服飾,形象(xiang)逼真、栩栩如生(sheng)。
猴年央視晚分會場
2016年(nian)2月7日(ri)20:00,福(fu)建(jian)省泉州(zhou)府文(wen)廟被選為2016年(nian)中央電視臺春節聯歡晚會(hui)——泉州(zhou)分會(hui)場。