主要景點
清(qing)(qing)(qing)虛觀(guan)共有(you)十(shi)座(zuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,前后(hou)(hou)三(san)進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang)(shang)有(you)牌(pai)樓、山門、龍(long)虎殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、純(chun)(chun)陽宮、玉(yu)皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門牌(pai)樓,豎于(yu)(yu)兩柱,并由(you)八字形(xing)叉柱穩固,上(shang)(shang)有(you)乾隆三(san)十(shi)六(liu)年題"清(qing)(qing)(qing)虛仙跡"的(de)匾(bian)額。龍(long)虎殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)均為(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)代修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、明(ming)(ming)代重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu),龍(long)虎殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)寬五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深六(liu)椽,采用"懸梁吊(diao)柱"的(de)奇(qi)特(te)結構,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)下面(mian)東(dong)西廊分塑(su)青龍(long)、白(bai)虎二(er)神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang),高(gao)(gao)達5米,骨(gu)骼(ge)雄健,怒目而視(shi),手持戟劍,神(shen)態勇猛,體態完好,為(wei)明(ming)(ming)代作品(pin)。壁上(shang)(shang)有(you)青龍(long)、白(bai)虎形(xing)象,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)白(bai)虎抽象造(zao)形(xing)頗奇(qi)特(te),這組塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)塑(su)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)可多得的(de)佳品(pin)。三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)萬歷年間(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北面(mian),面(mian)寬五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深十(shi)一(yi)(yi)椽,上(shang)(shang)起(qi)五(wu)脊六(liu)獸歇山項,結構奇(qi)特(te),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇高(gao)(gao)大壯(zhuang)觀(guan),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)等泥(ni)塑(su)已蕩(dang)然(ran)無存(cun),僅殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)西側(ce)豎記述元(yuan)(yuan)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)蒙文(wen)碑(bei)一(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)西兩旁各(ge)筑有(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)。三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前高(gao)(gao)臺基(ji)上(shang)(shang)筑有(you)一(yi)(yi)處包廈接卷棚頂,即獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。閣內(nei)(nei)樓上(shang)(shang)有(you)呂洞賓(bin)泥(ni)塑(su),又名(ming)純(chun)(chun)陽宮。純(chun)(chun)陽宮重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒年間(jian)(jian),時代屬晚,裝修(xiu)頗精,觀(guan)內(nei)(nei)遺存(cun)宋、元(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)碑(bei)碣(jie)近(jin)30通(tong)(tong),是研究(jiu)道教(jiao)史跡和書(shu)法藝(yi)術的(de)珍品(pin)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)西各(ge)有(you)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian),院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)(tong)道左右(you)各(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)小碑(bei)房(fang)一(yi)(yi)處。 三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)之后(hou)(hou)即為(wei)后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),正位十(shi)字式拱(gong)窯3間(jian)(jian),供(gong)真武及二(er)侍者塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang);窯頂原有(you)玉(yu)皇閣5間(jian)(jian),回廊環繞,明(ming)(ming)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao),清(qing)(qing)(qing)代后(hou)(hou)期毀于(yu)(yu)火(huo)災。后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)、西兩廊,各(ge)有(you)窯洞5間(jian)(jian)加前廊,為(wei)當年羽(yu)上(shang)(shang)庫廚和迎客之所。
龍虎殿
龍虎殿是清虛觀的(de)山(shan)(shan)門(men),修建(jian)于元代(dai)初年。山(shan)(shan)門(men)在道家(jia)眼中象征三(san)界,跨(kua)入山(shan)(shan)門(men),就意味(wei)著跳出了三(san)界,不受世俗的(de)煩擾,可以清靜修煉。
山門龍虎殿,元(yuan)(yuan)代風(feng)格建(jian)筑(zhu)。面(mian)闊五間,進深四(si)椽,體(ti)量宏(hong)大(da)(da)。柱(zhu)子(zi)排列規整,柱(zhu)頭收(shou)分明顯,傾角(jiao)顯著,柱(zhu)頭帶卷剎,柱(zhu)楚表面(mian),柱(zhu)子(zi)用料碩大(da)(da),給(gei)人以宏(hong)大(da)(da)厚重(zhong)的(de)感覺。屋檐(yan)斗拱(gong)四(si)鋪作,補間一(yi)雜,結構粗大(da)(da),造型(xing)美觀。梁(liang)架(jia)四(si)椽栿,梁(liang)架(jia)四(si)角(jiao)置(zhi)抹角(jiao)梁(liang)于(yu)二層井口枋上(shang),以“懸梁(liang)吊柱(zhu)法(fa)”承托平(ping)梁(liang)與(yu)老角(jiao)梁(liang)后尾,這一(yi)地方建(jian)筑(zhu)手法(fa)引(yin)起了(le)(le)許多人駐足深思;這種作法(fa),既省料,又擴大(da)(da)了(le)(le)室內空間,同時,也體(ti)現了(le)(le)元(yuan)(yuan)代建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格中的(de)靈活多變,大(da)(da)膽創新(xin)。
屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)形式是(shi)歇山頂(ding),也叫九脊(ji)頂(ding),正脊(ji)與(yu)垂脊(ji)交(jiao)界處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“吻獸”,既(ji)能起(qi)(qi)連接作用,又(you)可(ke)裝飾屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding),更(geng)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)表達人(ren)們(men)(men)一(yi)種美(mei)(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望--“興(xing)水(shui)滅火(huo)”。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)上琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)(wa)與(yu)灰瓦(wa)(wa)相(xiang)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)手法,看來清麗不俗,可(ke)見琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用,能夠(gou)增(zeng)加色彩變化(hua),增(zeng)強建筑物(wu)金碧(bi)輝煌、莊(zhuang)嚴大(da)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術效果;屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)檐(yan)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦(wa)(wa)當(dang)、滴水(shui),不禁使人(ren)聯想到雨天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“雨滴臺階下,人(ren)在屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中憩(qi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)學(xue)意境;屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)檐(yan)出(chu)檐(yan)深(shen)遠(yuan),影響(xiang)室(shi)內(nei)采(cai)光,因(yin)而(er)飛(fei)起(qi)(qi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)四角,斯翼(yi)如飛(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣子(zi),使沉重的(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)顯得更(geng)加生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)有力(li),飄逸輕盈。整個(ge)龍虎(hu)殿給人(ren)一(yi)種孔武有力(li)、粗獷(guang)率(lv)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺,恰似當(dang)年橫掃亞歐(ou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙古(gu)人(ren)性格,使建筑美(mei)(mei)和人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)向往在這里形成完美(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畫卷,達到“天(tian)人(ren)合一(yi)”。檐(yan)下是(shi)兩尊具有元代風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩塑(su);東(dong)青龍、西白虎(hu),它們(men)(men)是(shi)道(dao)教中的(de)(de)(de)(de)守護神,既(ji)保護寺院,又(you)教導人(ren)們(men)(men)皈(gui)依(yi)道(dao)教。通高達5米,面部圓潤,劍眉怒(nu)目,鼻翼(yi)擴(kuo)張,手握兵器,兩手撐開,大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)量和舒(shu)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)加熱表現(xian)(xian)他們(men)(men)魁梧剛健的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣魄,氣吞山河的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣概,與(yu)周身(shen)飄舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩帶(dai)互相(xiang)襯托、對(dui)比,更(geng)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)武士的(de)(de)(de)(de)英氣內(nei)斂,內(nei)張外(wai)馳(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精神面貌,增(zeng)強作品的(de)(de)(de)(de)感染(ran)力(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)命力(li),仿佛站(zhan)在我們(men)(men)面前的(de)(de)(de)(de)不再是(shi)冰(bing)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)士,而(er)是(shi)活(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)、有血肉的(de)(de)(de)(de)門神武士。
純陽宮
純陽(yang)宮(gong)“純陽(yang)”二字,為洞賓之(zhi)號,“宮(gong)”為祀奉神仙的宮(gong)殿。純陽(yang)宮(gong),因供奉呂洞賓而(er)得名。
純陽宮建在觀中甬道盡頭的(de)高(gao)高(gao)月(yue)臺上。面寬三間,六檁卷棚式,懸山頂,前(qian)有(you)(you)抱廈,斗拱(gong)五踩(cai),雙昂,補間一攢(zan),屋面裝飾繁官,色彩華麗(li),整體風格趨于小巧輕盈,而(er)又有(you)(you)幾分柔(rou)性之美。
純陽宮(gong)內設有神(shen)(shen)龕(kan)。金形泥質、道骨仙風的呂(lv)神(shen)(shen)端坐神(shen)(shen)龕(kan)內。由于呂(lv)祖高高在(zai)上,人(ren)們(men)必(bi)須仰視才可(ke)觀其貌,更(geng)可(ke)以(yi)體現出人(ren)們(men)對呂(lv)洞(dong)賓的敬仰之情(qing)。據(ju)《縣志》載:呂(lv)洞(dong)賓在(zai)清(qing)代時曾有清(qing)虛觀顯靈,留下“
一(yi)(yi)心二(er)人仁”的仙跡在玉(yu)皇閣柱子上,因(yin)此清(qing)代(dai)知縣增修這精巧典雅的純陽宮(gong)供(gong)奉(feng)呂祖(zu)。千百年(nian)來,這里(li)香火一(yi)(yi)直綿延(yan)不(bu)絕,尤(you)其是每(mei)年(nian)四(si)月十四(si),呂仙誕辰(chen),更(geng)是香客如云,極大地縮短(duan)了(le)清(qing)靜道觀與喧鬧世俗間的距離。
純(chun)陽宮外的楹聯:“一元道(dao)氣遠超天地外,三十功名常伴夢幻中”,將道(dao)教(jiao)追求的祥(xiang)和超然(ran)一語(yu)道(dao)破,清代(dai)石獅、道(dao)符(fu),端立宮外,鎮宅避邪。
整(zheng)座(zuo)宮殿(dian),成為清虛觀的主體建筑(zhu)之一,也是道教(jiao)文化體系的見證之一,更是研究(jiu)道教(jiao)文化的實例所(suo)在。
三清(qing)殿(dian)在純陽宮后面,面闊5間(jian),進深9椽,單檐(yan)歇(xie)山頂,四檐(yan)斗拱五踩(cai),補(bu)間(jian)一攢,內、外檐(yan)斗拱做法相同(tong)。拱眼(yan)壁上(shang)懸(xuan)塑龍鳳(feng),若飛若動。殿(dian)頂琉璃方(fang)心、剪邊。殿(dian)內梁(liang)枋間(jian)有“大明萬(wan)歷(li)二十八年(1600)重修”題記。神臺上(shang)原(yuan)有“三清(qing)真人(ren)”、“二十八宿”神像。
三清殿(dian)兩側有東、西耳殿(dian)各(ge)3間,原(yuan)供(gong)“三官”、“四(si)圣(sheng)”、“五岳(yue)”、“四(si)瀆(du)”;東、西廊殿(dian)各(ge)11間,硬山頂造,原(yuan)供(gong)“九天圣(sheng)母”、“九曜星君”、“七十四(si)司(si)”。民(min)國18年(1929),耳殿(dian)及廊殿(dian)的(de)塑像(xiang)均遭毀壞。
在三清殿內豎(shu)立有(you)一透靈神(shen)碑,原叫蒙漢(han)碑,通高205厘米(mi)、寬90厘米(mi)、厚23厘米(mi),為元代作品,距今已(yi)有(you)七(qi)百多年的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)。碑之正背(bei)兩(liang)面(mian)都刻有(you)文字、記錄著成吉思汗的(de)(de)豐功偉績,正面(mian)文字是(shi)用(yong)蒙古國初(chu)期沿用(yong)的(de)(de)八思巴文記錄 ;背(bei)面(mian)是(shi)用(yong)漢(han)文楷書對此碑正面(mian)記錄的(de)(de)翻譯 ,故(gu)稱蒙漢(han)碑。此碑質地多瑪瑙(nao)石沉(chen)積而成, 石碑表面(mian)光(guang)滑透亮,觸(chu)摸涼爽,多有(you)觀光(guang)游覽的(de)(de)善男信女用(yong)于接摸其上(shang),頓感一股奇(qi)特(te)的(de)(de)神(shen)仙靈氣,這(zhe)無疑是(shi)一種很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)精神(shen)慰(wei)藉,故(gu)俗稱“透靈”碑。據專家考證 ,這(zhe)種碑保(bao)存(cun)下(xia)來的(de)(de)現(xian)已(yi)屈指(zhi)可數,它既是(shi)信奉者(zhe)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)精神(shen)依托,也是(shi)研(yan)究蒙古歷(li)史(shi)文化極其珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)實物資料。