青(qing)島(dao)歷史上(shang)的(de)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動較(jiao)為(wei)活(huo)躍,先后(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、基(ji)督新教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、天主(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、伊斯(si)蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru),日本(ben)神道(dao)也曾在(zai)兩次(ci)日占(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)占(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)席之(zhi)地。最早(zao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru)的(de)是(shi)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。公元前140年(nian)即有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)人在(zai)嶗山(shan)修(xiu)行。公元3世紀佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru),建于公元264年(nian)的(de)嶗山(shan)崇佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)的(de)發端之(zhi)地。清末基(ji)督教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、天主(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru),有(you)(you)(you)十幾個(ge)國(guo)家的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1914年(nian)第一(yi)次(ci)日占(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)期(qi)(qi),日本(ben)神道(dao)隨(sui)日本(ben)僑民和官兵一(yi)道(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru)青(qing)島(dao),建立了青(qing)島(dao)神社(she){{原址位于若鶴町二(er)丁目,今(jin)市北(bei)區遼寧(ning)路西段貯水(shui)山(shan)}}等一(yi)些參拜場(chang)所(suo),戰(zhan)后(hou)(hou)均(jun)被(bei)(bei)毀。1920年(nian)代初,伊斯(si)蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru)。宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)開(kai)展活(huo)躍,影響深遠(yuan)。嶗山(shan)被(bei)(bei)譽為(wei)中國(guo)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)全真(zhen)派(pai)第二(er)叢林(lin),湛山(shan)寺(si)為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天臺宗(zong)(zong)在(zai)國(guo)內外都有(you)(you)(you)影響的(de)名剎。各教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派(pai)建立了許多傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動社(she)團,先后(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)長老會(hui)(hui)、浸信(xin)會(hui)(hui)、信(xin)義會(hui)(hui)、同善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)等差會(hui)(hui)、修(xiu)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)創辦學校、醫院、慈善機構等公益事業。
共和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)(li)后,實(shi)行宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)主改革(ge),廢除了道教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中的(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)舊(jiu)制(zhi)度(du),將從是(shi)反政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)的(de)天(tian)主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、基督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士全(quan)部(bu)(bu)驅(qu)逐出境,沒收外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)的(de)財(cai)產(chan)歸中國(guo)(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)所(suo)有(you)(you),將宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)中共政(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)指引下進(jin)行。“文(wen)化大革(ge)命”期間,正常(chang)的(de)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)均被(bei)迫停止。1978年(nian)(nian)后,恢復(fu)和(he)落實(shi)了中共的(de)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政(zheng)(zheng)策。1980年(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事務處恢復(fu)辦公,宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛(ai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)組織和(he)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體相繼(ji)恢復(fu)和(he)重新建立(li)(li)。后相繼(ji)成(cheng)立(li)(li)了青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)基督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)、青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)道教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)、青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)和(he)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)。2001年(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)開(kai)始把駐青(qing)(qing)(qing)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人的(de)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)納(na)入(ru)依(yi)法管(guan)理(li)范圍,為青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)境內的(de)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人確定活(huo)(huo)動(dong)點。2002年(nian)(nian),逐級(ji)建立(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)工作責任(ren)制(zhi),有(you)(you)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)的(de)村(居(ju))設立(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)工作聯絡員;在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首(shou)創成(cheng)立(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政(zheng)(zheng)策法規宣講團;在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首(shou)次(ci)開(kai)展宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體屆中評估工作,建立(li)(li)與宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體負(fu)責人聯系(xi)制(zhi)度(du)。2003年(nian)(nian)實(shi)施《青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)人員管(guan)理(li)辦法》、《青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體及宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)場所(suo)財(cai)務管(guan)理(li)暫(zan)行規定》。2004年(nian)(nian),湛山(shan)佛學院成(cheng)立(li)(li)。
1、道教
中國道教(jiao)流行于嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)已有2000余年的歷史(shi)。其發端(duan)始于兩漢(han),盛于宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)。公元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)140年,上清派茅山(shan)(shan)宗(zong)在今嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)太清景(jing)區老君峰下始建(jian)太清宮。宋(song)初(chu)上清派茅山(shan)(shan)宗(zong)華蓋(gai)真人劉若拙在今嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)上清景(jing)區敕建(jian)上清宮道場(chang),在今仰(yang)口景(jing)區的上苑(yuan)山(shan)(shan)奉敕建(jian)造太平宮。明(ming)萬歷皇帝賜太清宮《道藏(zang)》一部(bu),以鎮名山(shan)(shan)。
自西漢張廉夫(fu)開山(shan)始(shi)(shi)基以來,許多著(zhu)名道(dao)(dao)(dao)士來嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)潛修,著(zhu)書立說,其中(zhong)有(you)(you)唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)化普濟真(zhen)人(ren)李哲玄、宋(song)代(dai)(dai)華(hua)蓋真(zhen)人(ren)劉若(ruo)拙(zhuo)、元代(dai)(dai)長(chang)春演道(dao)(dao)(dao)主(zhu)教真(zhen)人(ren)丘處機(ji)、長(chang)生(sheng)輔化宗玄明(ming)德真(zhen)君(jun)劉長(chang)生(sheng)、道(dao)(dao)(dao)教祖(zu)師(shi)之一張三豐、明(ming)朝(chao)中(zhong)元永壽太(tai)(tai)和真(zhen)君(jun)徐(xu)復(fu)陽、上元普濟道(dao)(dao)(dao)化真(zhen)君(jun)齊本守等(deng)(deng)。這些著(zhu)名道(dao)(dao)(dao)士在(zai)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)棲(qi)居講道(dao)(dao)(dao),先后(hou)(hou)建有(you)(you)九宮八觀(guan)七十(shi)(shi)二庵。有(you)(you)金山(shan)派、隨山(shan)派、龍門派、華(hua)山(shan)派等(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)幾個教派。嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)太(tai)(tai)清宮是中(zhong)國道(dao)(dao)(dao)教全真(zhen)派的(de)重要叢林之一。明(ming)代(dai)(dai)在(zai)今市北區海云(yun)街始(shi)(shi)建道(dao)(dao)(dao)教宮觀(guan)海云(yun)庵,原(yuan)為佛寺,1926年翻修后(hou)(hou),由道(dao)(dao)(dao)士掌管,屬道(dao)(dao)(dao)教華(hua)山(shan)派。
共(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)成立(li)時,尚存道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀59處,其中有西(xi)漢(han)、后漢(han)、北(bei)魏、唐(tang)、五代、宋(song)、元、明(ming)、清及民(min)國(guo)建筑。人民(min)政府出資(zi)整修(xiu)(xiu)了一(yi)批著(zhu)名道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀。1978年后,青(qing)島市人民(min)政府對太(tai)清宮(gong)、太(tai)平(ping)宮(gong)、上清宮(gong)、明(ming)霞洞、海云(yun)庵(an)等道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀進(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)繕,恢復宗(zong)教活(huo)動。1989年,青(qing)島市道(dao)(dao)(dao)教協會成立(li)。1994年修(xiu)(xiu)復海云(yun)庵(an),每(mei)年正月十六舉(ju)辦海云(yun)庵(an)糖球會。全市現共(gong)(gong)有太(tai)清宮(gong)、海云(yun)庵(an)、于(yu)姑庵(an)等開(kai)放道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀5所。
2、佛教
佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)青島的(de)(de)發展(zhan)歷史悠久。公(gong)元264年(nian)(nian),嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)建崇佛(fo)寺,佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入青島。公(gong)元412年(nian)(nian),高(gao)僧(seng)法顯從(cong)天(tian)竺取經回(hui)國途中(zhong),在(zai)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)登陸(lu),并在(zai)不(bu)其城(今(jin)(jin)城陽區(qu))翻(fan)譯并講經三(san)個月,傳播佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文化。此后(hou)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)青島逐步得到發展(zhan),許(xu)多(duo)朝代都(dou)建有佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)寺院,其中(zhong)有北魏的(de)(de)法海(hai)寺,唐朝的(de)(de)潮海(hai)院、石佛(fo)寺,元朝的(de)(de)清涼院、菩薩廟,明朝的(de)(de)于姑庵(an)、觀(guan)音寺、華嚴寺等。20世紀初,一些有識之士(shi)為(wei)弘(hong)揚佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文化,籌資興建了毗廬庵(an)、靈圣寺等。1934年(nian)(nian),今(jin)(jin)市南區(qu)芝泉路建設了中(zhong)國最(zui)年(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)天(tian)臺宗(zong)寺院——湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺。同年(nian)(nian)居士(shi)王湘汀出資在(zai)今(jin)(jin)小魚山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)園(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)上(shang)興建佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)居士(shi)聚會場所——湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)精舍,每周日(ri)下午講經。湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺建成后(hou),每年(nian)(nian)農歷四月初八(ba)舉行浴佛(fo)節,紀念佛(fo)祖(zu)釋迎牟尼(ni)誕辰,僧(seng)眾、居士(shi)在(zai)主持方(fang)丈帶領下,在(zai)浴佛(fo)壇(tan)上(shang)進行浴佛(fo)儀(yi)式。開廟逢會三(san)天(tian)。屆時善(shan)男信女(nv)進廟燒(shao)香者絡繹不(bu)絕。寺周圍(wei)眾多(duo)攤販叫賣,各地民間藝人也來此表演,熱鬧非凡。
第二次日(ri)占時(shi)期,設有日(ri)本佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)7處,日(ri)本投降(jiang)后皆被取締(di)。共和(he)國成(cheng)立前(qian)夕,尚存寺(si)(si)(si)院13處,和(he)尚23人(ren),尼(ni)姑6人(ren),寄居7人(ren)。1956年,居士定期聚(ju)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)被中止;1959年,湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)精舍被拆(chai)除。“文化大革命”期間湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中斷。1978年改革開放后,政府(fu)多次撥(bo)款對(dui)法海寺(si)(si)(si)、華嚴寺(si)(si)(si)、于姑庵(an)、湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)等重點佛(fo)(fo)教寺(si)(si)(si)院進行維修。湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)對(dui)外開放。1988年,湛(zhan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)恢(hui)復(fu);此后每年均舉辦(ban),并漸融經貿、旅游活動為一體,赴廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)者在數十萬人(ren)以上。現為青(qing)島惟一佛(fo)(fo)教廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。1992年成(cheng)立青(qing)島市(shi)佛(fo)(fo)教協會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。全市(shi)現共有開放佛(fo)(fo)廟2處。
3、基督新教
青島基督教新教和青島教會
1873年(nian)(nian)(nian),美國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)(shi)郭顯德(de)來(lai)(lai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)進(jin)行傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動,基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)入(ru)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu)集資在(zai)(zai)今嶗山(shan)區(qu)北宅街(jie)道興建(jian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)最早的基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)——南(nan)北嶺教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang),屬(shu)美國(guo)(guo)北美長老(lao)會(hui)。1897年(nian)(nian)(nian)德(de)國(guo)(guo)設立(li)租(zu)界地后,外(wai)國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)(shi)紛紛進(jin)入(ru)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)。1898年(nian)(nian)(nian),德(de)國(guo)(guo)信義(yi)(yi)會(hui)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)(shi)昆祚(zuo)來(lai)(lai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、辦學(xue)校(xiao)、開(kai)醫(yi)院;1900年(nian)(nian)(nian),昆祚(zuo)在(zai)(zai)今市(shi)(shi)(shi)北區(qu)清(qing)和路主持興建(jian)路德(de)堂(tang)(tang)。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian),膠澳總督(du)(du)府在(zai)(zai)今市(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)區(qu)江蘇路出資興建(jian)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)陵縣(xian)路創(chuang)建(jian)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)靈恩會(hui)。1935年(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu)聚會(hui)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)錦州(zhou)路成立(li)。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian),魯東(dong)信義(yi)(yi)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)今市(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)區(qu)觀象二路興建(jian)圣保羅堂(tang)(tang)。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu)聚會(hui)處(chu)中(zhong)心在(zai)(zai)龍山(shan)路建(jian)成,信徒(tu)(tu)曾達4000余人(ren)。至1949年(nian)(nian)(nian),共有屬(shu)于11個差會(hui)(基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的海外(wai)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)組織)的德(de)、英、日、美、法等13個國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),有教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派21個,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)及聚會(hui)場所140余處(chu)(其中(zhong)禮(li)拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)60處(chu)),神(shen)學(xue)院3處(chu),外(wai)籍傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)(shi)90人(ren),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)牧(mu)師(shi)52人(ren),信徒(tu)(tu)1.2萬人(ren)。主要禮(li)拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)有江蘇路禮(li)拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)、圣保羅堂(tang)(tang)、路德(de)堂(tang)(tang)、南(nan)北嶺禮(li)拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)。
1951年(nian)(nian),青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)基(ji)(ji)督教(jiao)(jiao)抗美援朝“三自”(即(ji)“自治(zhi)、自養(yang)、自傳”)革(ge)(ge)新運動籌委會(hui)成立后,外(wai)國傳教(jiao)(jiao)士相(xiang)繼離境。1954年(nian)(nian),青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)基(ji)(ji)督教(jiao)(jiao)“三自”愛國運動委員會(hui)成立。1958年(nian)(nian),全市(shi)50處(chu)(chu)禮拜堂合(he)并為10處(chu)(chu)聚會(hui)點,后再合(he)為7處(chu)(chu)。文革(ge)(ge)期間宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)活動停(ting)止(zhi)。1980年(nian)(nian),開始恢復江(jiang)蘇路(lu)禮拜堂等處(chu)(chu)的正常(chang)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)活動。1981年(nian)(nian),青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)基(ji)(ji)督教(jiao)(jiao)協會(hui)成立。1985年(nian)(nian),路(lu)德堂恢復聚會(hui)。全市(shi)現共有開放教(jiao)(jiao)堂25處(chu)(chu)。
4、天主教
天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)已有百余年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。1898年(nian)(nian)(nian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)兗州教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區德(de)(de)籍(ji)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士白明德(de)(de)到青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)建(jian)立(li)(li)了第一個天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)場所。此后天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)迅(xun)速發(fa)展。1901年(nian)(nian)(nian),德(de)(de)國(guo)神父(fu)在今曲阜路創辦的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)印(yin)刷所,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承(cheng)擔《青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)官報 (Amtsblatt für das Deutsche-Gebiet)》的印(yin)刷,后改稱天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堂印(yin)書(shu)局(ju),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)印(yin)制(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)書(shu)籍(ji)。1905年(nian)(nian)(nian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在今市北區博(bo)山(shan)路開辦第一所醫(yi)院——天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堂醫(yi)院,設病床40張(zhang)。1925年(nian)(nian)(nian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)監牧(mu)區成立(li)(li),德(de)(de)籍(ji)神父(fu)維(wei)昌祿(lu)為(wei)監牧(mu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),轄膠州、高(gao)密、即墨、諸城(cheng)等11縣。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)代牧(mu)區成立(li)(li),維(wei)昌祿(lu)為(wei)代牧(mu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1932至1934年(nian)(nian)(nian),維(wei)昌祿(lu)自德(de)(de)國(guo)募集資金在今市南區浙江路興建(jian)圣彌額爾(er)大教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂,成為(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)最大的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂。天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區受羅馬天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)總部和教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)宗駐南京公使領導,接受其津貼供給。
1946年(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)實行圣(sheng)(sheng)統制,青(qing)(qing)島代牧區(qu)(qu)(qu)升格為(wei)青(qing)(qing)島教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu),德籍(ji)(ji)神(shen)父吳伯祿(lu)任(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。青(qing)(qing)島的天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)修(xiu)(xiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)圣(sheng)(sheng)言(yan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)文學會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、方濟各瑪利(li)亞傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)修(xiu)(xiu)女會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、神(shen)愛(ai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)(sheng)神(shen)掉女會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)(sheng)神(shen)祈禱會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)等。市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)10處(chu),修(xiu)(xiu)女院11處(chu),外籍(ji)(ji)神(shen)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)員36人(ren),華籍(ji)(ji)神(shen)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)員8人(ren),信教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)群眾5000余人(ren)。1951年(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)神(shen)父劉(liu)殿俊被吳伯祿(lu)委任(ren)為(wei)代理主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1950年(nian)代后(hou),全(quan)國(guo)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制度改革,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)開(kai)始獨立(li)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),自辦教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。1956年(nian),青(qing)(qing)島市(shi)天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛(ai)國(guo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)成立(li)。1981年(nian),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛(ai)國(guo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席宗(zong)懷德主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持下,舉行了開(kai)堂(tang)(tang)祝圣(sheng)(sheng)儀式,恢復開(kai)放圣(sheng)(sheng)彌額爾大教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)。1987年(nian),天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議選舉韓錫讓為(wei)青(qing)(qing)島教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),成為(wei)共(gong)和國(guo)成立(li)后(hou),青(qing)(qing)島天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第一位自選自圣(sheng)(sheng)的正(zheng)權(quan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。全(quan)市(shi)現共(gong)有(you)開(kai)放堂(tang)(tang)點4處(chu)。
5、伊斯蘭教
1904年(nian)膠濟鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)成通車后,青(qing)島(dao)的工(gong)商業不斷發展,一些(xie)穆(mu)斯林(lin)從外地陸續移居青(qing)島(dao)。20世紀初期有回民300余(yu)戶,1800余(yu)人(ren),主要(yao)集中(zhong)居住在市(shi)北區,都是(shi)客籍居民,由他們將伊斯蘭(lan)教傳入青(qing)島(dao)。其時山東淄博人(ren)王萬英阿訇在市(shi)南(nan)區河南(nan)路(lu)租(zu)賃(lin)平房(fang)兩間(jian),當作青(qing)島(dao)穆(mu)斯林(lin)的禮拜處所(suo)。1929年(nian),回族(zu)穆(mu)斯林(lin)來青(qing)島(dao)經(jing)商者日(ri)眾,由穆(mu)華亭、劉(liu)尊五、王萬英、石小坡等人(ren)發起募捐,在市(shi)南(nan)區常州路(lu)興建(jian)清(qing)真寺,得到身為回族(zu)人(ren)的青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)長馬福祥的支(zhi)持。在馬蘭(lan)頂建(jian)有穆(mu)斯林(lin)專用墓地。全市(shi)現共(gong)有開放清(qing)真寺1所(suo)。
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