一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新(xin)能源汽(qi)車發展越來(lai)越快，但人們對于(yu)動力電(dian)池的(de)安(an)全性一直非常(chang)在意(yi)，誰都不希望自(zi)己花(hua)錢買來(lai)的(de)電(dian)動汽(qi)車存在極大的(de)安(an)全風險，電(dian)池保護系統就是為了保護電(dian)池而設計的(de)，俗稱電(dian)池保姆(mu)。

電池管理系統對于電池(chi)的(de)保護，主(zhu)要是通過下面兩種(zhong)方式(shi)實現的(de)：

1、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統實時監控每個電(dian)池(chi)(chi)單元的電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和溫(wen)度(du)，通(tong)過(guo)精(jing)確的數(shu)據(ju)監測來確保電(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作在設(she)計(ji)的安全(quan)參數(shu)范圍內(nei)。當任(ren)何關鍵(jian)指標達(da)到或(huo)超過(guo)預設(she)閾(yu)值時，BMS會(hui)立即采取應對措施，例如切斷電(dian)源(yuan)或(huo)降低電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)和放電(dian)速率(lv)，從而避(bi)免電(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)熱、過(guo)充(chong)或(huo)過(guo)放，預防可能(neng)導(dao)致的損壞(huai)甚至安全(quan)事故。

2、BMS電池管理(li)系統具(ju)備強大的(de)故障(zhang)檢測和診斷功能，它可以即時識別出電池系統中的(de)異常行為(wei)，如電壓不(bu)穩(wen)、電流異常或(huo)是溫度突變等，并(bing)向駕(jia)駛員(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)維修人員(yuan)(yuan)發送警報，這些及時的(de)反(fan)饋(kui)可以幫助迅(xun)速解決(jue)潛在的(de)問(wen)題，從(cong)而保障(zhang)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)行車(che)安全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電池保姆對電池的(de)保護是它的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)功能之一，一般電池管理(li)系統主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有四大保護功能：

1、過充保護

過(guo)充(chong)保護(hu)是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)升高到超出(chu)合理(li)范圍后，會帶來不確定(ding)的(de)(de)危險。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)保護(hu)功能就是實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍頂點時，就切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)繼續升高，從而起到保護(hu)作用。

新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統(tong)會(hui)實時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的每串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，只要(yao)有其中(zhong)一串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到達過(guo)充保護值（三元的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默(mo)認(ren)為4.25V±0.05V，鐵(tie)鋰(li)的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默(mo)認(ren)為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統(tong)就會(hui)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，整組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停(ting)止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過放(fang)(fang)保護是指鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的下(xia)降，如果把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)部放(fang)(fang)完耗盡，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部的化學材料(liao)就(jiu)(jiu)會失去活性，導致(zhi)充不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)或容量下(xia)降。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系統(tong)的過放(fang)(fang)保護功能(neng)就(jiu)(jiu)是實(shi)時監(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最(zui)低點時，就(jiu)(jiu)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的繼續(xu)下(xia)降，從而(er)起到(dao)保護作用。

新能(neng)源汽車(che)放電時(shi)，電池(chi)管理系統會實(shi)時(shi)監測電池(chi)組(zu)的每串電壓，只要有其中(zhong)一(yi)串電壓到達過放保護值（三元的過放電壓默(mo)認為(wei)2.7V±0.1V，鐵(tie)鋰的過放電壓默(mo)認為(wei)2.2V±0.1V），電池(chi)管理系統就(jiu)會切斷電源，整組(zu)鋰電池(chi)都停止放電。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)給負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)功率的變化而變化，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)大時(shi)，容易燒壞保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)設備(bei)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系統的過流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能就是(shi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程中實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過安全范(fan)圍內時(shi)，就切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的經過，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)設備(bei)，從而起到保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實(shi)時監測電(dian)(dian)池組電(dian)(dian)流，只(zhi)要到(dao)達了設定(ding)的過流保護值，電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整組鋰電(dian)(dian)池都停(ting)止充放電(dian)(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)池管理系統的(de)硬件(jian)保護(hu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)溫(wen)控(kong)探頭是焊接到保護(hu)板(ban)(ban)內(nei)部主板(ban)(ban)的(de)，不可(ke)拔插。溫(wen)控(kong)探頭能實時監(jian)測電(dian)池組或工作環境的(de)溫(wen)度(du)變化(hua)，當(dang)監(jian)測到溫(wen)度(du)超出設(she)定的(de)值（硬件(jian)的(de)溫(wen)控(kong)保護(hu)默認：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)-20~55℃，放電(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)根據客戶(hu)的(de)要(yao)求更改(gai)，客戶(hu)不能自行設(she)置）時，斷(duan)開電(dian)池組的(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)，當(dang)溫(wen)度(du)恢復指(zhi)合理范圍后，才可(ke)繼續充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)，起到保護(hu)作用(yong)。