一、電池管理系統的基本功能
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)監控與(yu)(yu)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),將采(cai)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)信(xin)息實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)饋給(gei)用(yong)(yong)戶,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)根據(ju)(ju)采(cai)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息調節參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng),其功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有:1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀態分(fen)析(xi):SOC估(gu)算是(shi)BMS的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)也是(shi)評估(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車續(xu)航里程的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)。BMS通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)遍布(bu)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感器(qi)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫度等)信(xin)息,由(you)于(yu)探測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息準(zhun)確外加優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)算法處(chu)(chu)理,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)就可以(yi)(yi)被非常準(zhun)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算出(chu)來。2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全保(bao)護(hu):BMS能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)營(ying)造(zao)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)環境。比如在(zai)寒冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)降低,這個時(shi)(shi)(shi)候BMS會調用(yong)(yong)加熱系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)來讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫使其達(da)到(dao)(dao)舒適的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境;如果在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji)或者是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,BMS會調用(yong)(yong)冷卻系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降溫,利(li)用(yong)(yong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)溫控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)大(da)大(da)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)管(guan)理:充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi),BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單體最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)高(gao)溫度、當(dang)前(qian)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以(yi)(yi)及(ji)當(dang)前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等信(xin)息與(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)交互,從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)按照適配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)高(gao)位后(hou),BMS會限制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),進(jin)(jin)入到(dao)(dao)“涓(juan)流模式”(使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)真正飽和(he)、延長使用(yong)(yong)壽命),直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程結束(shu)最(zui)后(hou)斷開連接。4、通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin):BMS把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC等數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)CAN通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)傳遞(di),最(zui)終我們在(zai)儀表(biao)上(shang)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)很(hen)直(zhi)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)看到(dao)(dao)續(xu)航里程、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)等信(xin)息。不(bu)僅如此,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)信(xin)息進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析(xi),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)相關策(ce)略(lve)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)控制,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)讓故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)燈點亮(liang)以(yi)(yi)便(bian)提醒車主(zhu)(zhu)。5、故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診斷:除了通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外,BMS還能(neng)(neng)(neng)起到(dao)(dao)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。BMS會根據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)制定(ding)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾值表(biao),BMS通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾值表(biao)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)保(bao)護(hu)并上(shang)報故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)類型,方便(bian)后(hou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排查(cha)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)檢修(xiu)維護(hu)。
二、電池管理系統的英文縮寫為什么
電(dian)池管理系統(tong)的英(ying)文(wen)(wen)縮寫(xie)是(shi)BMS,它是(shi)英(ying)文(wen)(wen)BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM的首字母縮寫(xie),翻譯過(guo)(guo)來(lai)就是(shi)電(dian)池管理系統(tong)。隨著新能(neng)源電(dian)動汽車的廣泛應用(yong),電(dian)池的容量、安全性、健(jian)康狀態與續航能(neng)力日益成為關注重點(dian),電(dian)池管理系統(tong)通過(guo)(guo)對電(dian)池進行監控與控制,可(ke)以將(jiang)采集(ji)的電(dian)池信(xin)息實時反饋給用(yong)戶,同時根據采集(ji)的信(xin)息調(diao)節參數,充(chong)分(fen)發揮電(dian)池的性能(neng)。
三、電池管理系統開發流程
1、電池管理系統開發的前期工作:電池管理系統的開發過程是從“確定BMS的拓撲結構”、“確定BMS的各項功能”、“動力電池特性測試”這三項工作開始的。2、電池管理系統軟硬件設計及實現:軟硬件設計及其實現是電池管理系統開發的主體工作,軟件的開發與硬件的開發工作是相輔相成的,即進行軟件開發的時候需要兼顧到各部分硬件的可執行為,而進行硬件設計的時候需要充分考慮到軟件算法復雜度。3、BMS單元測試及動力電池組整體測試:在完成電池管理系統硬件設計、制作以及軟件系統的編程、調試以后,所制訂的電池管理系統的各項基本功能就可以實現了。接下來需要做的就是大量的測試工作,其中包含BMS本身的單元測試以及整個動力電池組的整體測試。電池管理系統是一個比較復雜的系統,對開發要求較高,好的電池管理系統通常是專業的電池管理系統廠家開發出來的。
四、電池管理系統的工作原理是什么
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)由(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)終端模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(主要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集,如:電(dian)(dian)壓參(can)數(shu)(shu)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)參(can)數(shu)(shu)、溫度、通(tong)信信號等)、中(zhong)間(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(主要與整(zheng)車(che)系(xi)統(tong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun),控(kong)制(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)機等)和顯示(shi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(主要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)呈現,實(shi)現人(ren)機交互)三部(bu)分組成,采用內部(bu)CAN總線技術實(shi)現模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之間(jian)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)信息通(tong)訊(xun)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)工作時(shi),通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)終端模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)檢測動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組中(zhong)各單(dan)(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)狀態來確定(ding)整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)狀態,并根據(ju)它們的(de)狀態對動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)對應(ying)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)調整(zheng)和策略實(shi)施(shi),實(shi)現對動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)及各單(dan)(dan)體的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)管理以保證動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全穩(wen)定(ding)地運行(xing)。