一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟(shu)悉汽車的朋友(you)對ESP（車身電子(zi)穩(wen)定系統）、ABS（防抱(bao)死制動系統）、TCS（牽引力控(kong)制系統）等車載系統不會感到陌生，在新能源車上(shang)還有(you)一(yi)個非(fei)常重要的系統，它就是BMS（電池(chi)管理系統），它又叫(jiao)電池(chi)管家，那么(me)它有(you)什么(me)作用呢(ni)？

據(ju)了解，新能(neng)源汽車上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)家是(shi)一個(ge)很龐(pang)大的(de)(de)(de)軟硬件(jian)集合體，包括傳(chuan)感器(qi)、中(zhong)央處理器(qi)、執行機構等(deng)，它的(de)(de)(de)作用主要是(shi)采集動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)數據(ju)，然后分析數據(ju)狀(zhuang)態和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用環境，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進行監測和控制，從而(er)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組在安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作區間內，提供車輛控制所需的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)需信息，在出(chu)現異常時及時響應(ying)并(bing)進行處理，它也(ye)會根據(ju)環境溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態及車輛需求(qiu)等(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池管理系(xi)統是對電池進行監控(kong)與(yu)控(kong)制的(de)系(xi)統，將采集的(de)電池信息實時反饋給用戶，同時根(gen)據采集的(de)信息調節參數，充分發揮電池的(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，其功能(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀(zhuang)態分析最常見的(de)一種就是動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統荷電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的(de)就是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的(de)百分比。

SOC估(gu)算是BMS的(de)核心(xin)功能(neng)，同時也(ye)是評(ping)估(gu)電動(dong)車(che)續航(hang)里程的(de)主要參(can)數。BMS通(tong)過遍布(bu)整個電池(chi)包的(de)傳感(gan)器檢(jian)測電池(chi)參(can)數（電壓(ya)、電流和溫度(du)(du)等）信(xin)息，有的(de)電壓(ya)傳感(gan)器精度(du)(du)非(fei)常高(gao)，1mv的(de)變化都可以(yi)被識別出(chu)來，由于探測的(de)信(xin)息準(zhun)確(que)外(wai)加優秀的(de)算法處理(li)，電池(chi)的(de)剩余電量(liang)就(jiu)可以(yi)被非(fei)常準(zhun)確(que)的(de)計(ji)算出(chu)來。

在日常用車(che)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，車(che)主(zhu)可(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)(guo)中(zhong)控(kong)屏自主(zhu)設(she)置(zhi)SOC，SOC目標(biao)值(zhi)可(ke)以理解成車(che)輛(liang)電量平衡的目標(biao)值(zhi)。當(dang)車(che)輛(liang)電量高于設(she)置(zhi)值(zhi)時(shi)，系統動力分配會優先用電，降(jiang)低能耗；當(dang)車(che)輛(liang)電量低于設(she)置(zhi)值(zhi)時(shi)，車(che)輛(liang)行駛時(shi)會有一部分動力用于發電使(shi)電量上升，以保證用電需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高(gao)或者過低(di)都會(hui)影響(xiang)電(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性，甚至會(hui)造成不可逆的(de)(de)(de)物理損(sun)傷，最終影響(xiang)電(dian)芯壽命(ming)，而BMS能夠(gou)為電(dian)池營造良好的(de)(de)(de)運行環(huan)境。比如在(zai)寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)地區，電(dian)池充電(dian)效率降低(di)，這個時(shi)候(hou)BMS會(hui)調(diao)(diao)用加熱系(xi)統來讓電(dian)芯升溫(wen)(wen)使(shi)(shi)其達到舒(shu)適的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)環(huan)境；如果在(zai)夏季或者是電(dian)池發(fa)熱的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，BMS會(hui)調(diao)(diao)用冷(leng)卻系(xi)統為電(dian)芯降溫(wen)(wen)，利用智能溫(wen)(wen)控系(xi)統大(da)大(da)提高(gao)電(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系統(tong)(tong)允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)單體最(zui)(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高溫度、當(dang)前允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、SOC以及當(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信息與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行交互，從而(er)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系統(tong)(tong)按照(zhao)適配的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高位后，BMS會限制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)(jin)入到“涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)模式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正(zheng)飽和(he)、延長(chang)使用壽命(ming)），直(zhi)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結(jie)束最(zui)(zui)后斷開(kai)連接。

此(ci)外，BMS還會起到(dao)“均(jun)(jun)衡管理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體(ti)(ti)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差(cha)，從而保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一致(zhi)性。這是因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)由(you)于(yu)先天(tian)因素或者工作溫度不一致(zhi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有不同，所以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)會出現不一致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，比如有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)已(yi)經充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卻(que)還沒有充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿。BMS系統可以起到(dao)調節(jie)作用，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可以同時完成，比如通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其(qi)(qi)達到(dao)和其(qi)(qi)他(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最終達到(dao)整體(ti)(ti)均(jun)(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故障信息進行(xing)分析(xi)，通(tong)過相關(guan)策略對電池系統進行(xing)保(bao)護和控制(zhi)，同時(shi)讓故障燈點亮以便提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通(tong)(tong)信功能(neng)(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)(neng)起到故(gu)障(zhang)診斷的(de)功能(neng)(neng)。BMS會根據電芯參數和電池(chi)系統功能(neng)(neng)制定相應的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)閾(yu)值表，BMS通(tong)(tong)過故(gu)障(zhang)閾(yu)值表對電池(chi)系統進行保(bao)護并(bing)上(shang)報故(gu)障(zhang)類型，方便后期的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)排(pai)查(cha)以及檢修(xiu)維護。