一.歷史起源
南京是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)鄉,自從有了金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo),貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)技藝(yi)(yi)便應運而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。自古以來,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配方和貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕技是(shi)(shi)密不示人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以,人(ren)們(men)無法想像(xiang)如(ru)何將黃金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)打(da)造(zao)成薄(bo)如(ru)蟬(chan)翼(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo),又(you)如(ru)何將薄(bo)如(ru)蟬(chan)翼(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)貼(tie)飾在各種(zhong)物(wu)體上。藝(yi)(yi)百(bai)貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)傳人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)藝(yi)(yi)技師們(men)經過多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷探索與新技術研(yan)發,終于撩開了古代貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神秘面紗(sha)。元(yuan)朝時,開始大(da)量生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo),到了明(ming)清,更有進出一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。1975年(nian)在太平門外徐(xu)達五世孫徐(xu)傅墓中(zhong)(zhong)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)絲補服,即(ji)為400多(duo)年(nian)前金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)絲的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)證。南(nan)京東郊(jiao)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)鎮及(ji)江寧縣花園(yuan)(yuan)鄉等一帶是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)線生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)散(san)(san)地(di),農(nong)戶(hu)均有“打(da)箔(bo)(bo)”、“制(zhi)線”的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)藝(yi)(yi),且(qie)世代相(xiang)傳。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)具有歷史悠(you)久。東郊(jiao)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)鎮及(ji)江寧縣花園(yuan)(yuan)鄉一帶是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)線生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)散(san)(san)地(di)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)獨特,為手(shou)工(gong)捶制(zhi),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國獨特傳統工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。以金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)片捶打(da)成厚度不超過0.1微(wei)米薄(bo)片之稱(cheng)。主要(yao)用(yong)作建筑、器物(wu)、 佛教塑像(xiang)裝飾貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)及(ji)名貴中(zhong)(zhong)成藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配方。
二.生產工藝
金(jin)(jin)陵金(jin)(jin)箔生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝獨特,技術要求(qiu)很高,從古(gu)到(dao)今,一直為手工(gong)(gong)(gong)捶制(zhi),是中國特種傳統工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)金(jin)(jin)箔有十多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序,將黃金(jin)(jin)經過(guo)化條(tiao)、拍葉(xie)、落(luo)開(kai)子(zi)、炕炕、做捻子(zi)、打(da)箔、出具、切箔等精細加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),使金(jin)(jin)條(tiao)捶打(da)成(cheng)薄如蟬翼(yi)的金(jin)(jin)箔,100張(zhang)金(jin)(jin)箔堆在(zai)一起還不到(dao)0.1厘米高。南京金(jin)(jin)箔質量高,因而享(xiang)譽四方(fang)。金(jin)(jin)陵金(jin)(jin)箔,中華一絕,世界(jie)聞名。
三.南京金箔
南京,古稱“金陵”,有2500多年生產金箔歷史,如今集中著全國70%、世界60%的金箔生產量,從事金箔行業的企業有180余家,從業人員6000多人,年創工業總產值15.6億元。經國務院授權,中國黃金協會正式命名南京市的江寧區為“中國金箔城”,這是繼山東招遠定名“中國金都”、河南靈寶定名“中(zhong)國(guo)金城”、貴州黔(qian)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)定名“中(zhong)國(guo)金州”后的(de)又一城市(shi)殊(shu)榮。“中(zhong)國(guo)金箔城”的(de)榮譽是(shi)對(dui)中(zhong)國(guo)最大的(de)真金箔生產基地、世界五(wu)大金箔生產中(zhong)心之一的(de)南(nan)(nan)京江寧的(de)最佳肯定。
狹義的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)京金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo),特指南(nan)(nan)京生產的(de)(de)純(chun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo);而廣(guang)義的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)京金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo),則包含所有的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)類。如純(chun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、純(chun)銀箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、仿(fang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(也叫“銅箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”)、仿(fang)銀箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(也叫“鋁箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”)、食(shi)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、彩(cai)色箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)等。其中,98純(chun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)仿(fang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)用(yong)(yong)途(tu)最為廣(guang)泛(fan),適用(yong)(yong)于任何裝飾(shi)(shi)貼(tie)(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。如:賓館酒店大廈、寺院佛(fo)像廟宇、仿(fang)古園林(lin)建筑、現代豪華裝修、大型雕塑、豪宅(zhai)家私、牌(pai)匾楹(ying)聯的(de)(de)裝飾(shi)(shi)工(gong)程貼(tie)(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)以及金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)畫(hua)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)書(shu)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)郵票、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)墻紙、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)瓷磚馬賽克(ke)、貼(tie)(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)藝品、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)字招牌(pai)的(de)(de)制作等;南(nan)(nan)京金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)貼(tie)(tie)飾(shi)(shi)不僅應用(yong)(yong)于祖國的(de)(de)大江南(nan)(nan)北,更遍(bian)及世界各地(di)。另外,食(shi)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(也叫“高純(chun)度金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”),多用(yong)(yong)于藥(yao)品、酒類、糕點、化妝品等添(tian)加成分,既可提高商品檔次,又益健康美容(rong)。
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