新能源車電池種類

新能源汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以分(fen)為兩大類(lei)(lei)，即蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)適用于(yu)純新能(neng)源汽車(che)，可以歸類(lei)(lei)為鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)基電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（鎳(nie)一(yi)氫及(ji)鎳(nie)一(yi)金(jin)屬氫化物電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)一(yi)福及(ji)鎳(nie)一(yi)鋅電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）、鈉?電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（鈉一(yi)硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鈉一(yi)氯化鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）、二次(ci)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等類(lei)(lei)型。而燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)專(zhuan)用于(yu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)新能(neng)源汽車(che)，可以分(fen)為堿性燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(AFC)、磷酸(suan)(suan)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(PAFC)、熔融碳酸(suan)(suan)鹽燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(MCFC)、固體氧化物燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(SOFC)、質子交換膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(PEMFC)、直接甲醇(chun)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(DMFC)等類(lei)(lei)型。

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新能源車電池壽命

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命有“干貯(zhu)存壽(shou)命“和”濕貯(zhu)存壽(shou)命“。這兩(liang)個概(gai)念僅(jin)是(shi)針對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)大小(xiao)而言的(de)，并非電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)實際(ji)使用期限。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)真正壽(shou)命是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)實際(ji)使用的(de)時間長短(duan)。對一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命是(shi)表(biao)征給(gei)出(chu)額定容(rong)量的(de)工作時間（與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)倍率大小(xiao)有關）。

對二次(ci)電(dian)池而言(yan)，電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命分充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)壽(shou)命和(he)濕(shi)擱(ge)置使用壽(shou)命兩種。充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)壽(shou)命，是衡(heng)量二次(ci)電(dian)池性能的(de)(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要參數。經受一次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)和(he)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，稱為(wei)一次(ci)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)（或(huo)一個周(zhou)期）。在一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)制度(du)下(xia)，電(dian)池容(rong)量降(jiang)至某一規(gui)定(ding)值之前，電(dian)池能耐受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)次(ci)數，稱為(wei)二次(ci)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)壽(shou)命。

充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)壽命越長(chang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)性能越好。在目前(qian)常用的(de)二(er)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)，鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)壽命500~800次，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池200~500次，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池600~1000次，鋅銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)池很短，約100次左右(you)。

二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環壽命與放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)、溫度(du)、充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)制式等條件有(you)關。所(suo)謂(wei)”放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)“是指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)(fang)出的容(rong)量占(zhan)額定(ding)容(rong)量的百分數。減(jian)少放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)（即“淺放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”），二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環壽命可以大大延長。

濕(shi)擱(ge)置使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，也是(shi)衡量二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)重要參數(shu)之一。它是(shi)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)加入了電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液后開始進行充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環直至充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽(shou)命(ming)終止的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間（包括充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)處于(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)態(tai)濕(shi)擱(ge)置的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間）。濕(shi)擱(ge)置使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)越(yue)長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)能越(yue)好。在目前常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中，鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)濕(shi)擱(ge)置使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)2~3年，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)3~5年，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)5~8年，鋅銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最短，只(zhi)有1年左右。

新能源車充電方式

1、便攜充電

便(bian)攜(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是指使用隨車附帶的便(bian)攜(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線連接普通(tong)家用插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)是一(yi)種非常方便(bian)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，只要能找到插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)，就可以充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但(dan)是其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度就不(bu)敢恭維了。一(yi)般來說，普通(tong)家用插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為220V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為10A，理論上(shang)功率為2.2kW，而在(zai)實際(ji)使用中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率一(yi)般來說只有1.5kW。奇瑞eQ電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車上(shang)配備的便(bian)攜(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。

也就是說，使用便攜(xie)充電裝置，為一輛北汽新能源(yuan)EV200純(chun)電動汽車(續航里程200km，電池容量30.4kWh)充滿電需要20小(xiao)時，為一輛比亞迪e6純(chun)電動汽車(續航300km，電池容量57kWh)充滿電需要近40小(xiao)時。這種速(su)度簡直讓人無法(fa)忍受，只能是作(zuo)為其他充電方(fang)式的一種補充，方(fang)便用戶隨時補電。

2、家用充電

家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)是最常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)。一(yi)般私(si)人用(yong)(yong)戶購買電動(dong)汽車(che)都(dou)會附贈一(yi)個(ge)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)。當然(ran)，光有樁(zhuang)是不(bu)夠的(de)(de)(de)，還需要有車(che)位并且物業同意(yi)安裝。寶馬i3所配(pei)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)i Wallbox Pro充(chong)(chong)(chong)電墻(qiang)盒(he)，功(gong)率(lv)為7.4kWh。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電速(su)度方面，由于每(mei)個(ge)廠商提(ti)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)規格都(dou)不(bu)一(yi)樣，所以充(chong)(chong)(chong)電速(su)度也(ye)不(bu)盡(jin)相同。寶馬i3所配(pei)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)i Wallbox Pro充(chong)(chong)(chong)電墻(qiang)盒(he)功(gong)率(lv)為7.4kW。啟辰(chen)晨(chen)風有2種(zhong)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)，低配(pei)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)是3.6kW，高配(pei)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)則是6.6kW。騰勢同樣提(ti)供(gong)(gong)2種(zhong)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電柜可(ke)供(gong)(gong)使用(yong)(yong)，功(gong)率(lv)分別(bie)為10kW和20kW。

3、公共充電

家用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)雖(sui)然不(bu)(bu)錯，但還(huan)有(you)很多(duo)用(yong)(yong)戶由(you)于(yu)沒有(you)固定車(che)位或(huo)是物業(ye)不(bu)(bu)配合(he)，無法安裝家用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。對他們來說(shuo)，公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)就成了唯(wei)一(yi)的(de)選擇。如果家里不(bu)(bu)能建(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，就只能到(dao)公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了。公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)般由(you)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、南方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)這(zhe)(zhe)類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業(ye)建(jian)設并維護(hu)經營。在(zai)(zai)今后，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)產業(ye)的(de)成熟，也會有(you)不(bu)(bu)少民營資(zi)本(ben)進入這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)領(ling)域。公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)般分為(wei)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前者使用(yong)(yong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后者使用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直流(liu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：以(yi)常見(jian)的(de)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)為(wei)例，其輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)380V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以(yi)達(da)(da)到(dao)50A，輸(shu)出(chu)功率可達(da)(da)19kW。不(bu)(bu)過(guo)，為(wei)了保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量達(da)(da)到(dao)80%以(yi)后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就會慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)下降(jiang)到(dao)10A左右。所以(yi)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)80%以(yi)后，應該換到(dao)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，這(zhe)(zhe)樣效率更高(gao)一(yi)些。交(jiao)流(liu)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：由(you)于(yu)成本(ben)等方面有(you)優勢，交(jiao)流(liu)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)數(shu)量較(jiao)多(duo)。雖(sui)然直流(liu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度更快，但是受用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)和(he)建(jian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)成本(ben)的(de)限(xian)制，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站里，直流(liu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)數(shu)量肯(ken)定是占少數(shu)的(de)。為(wei)了利用(yong)(yong)有(you)限(xian)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)為(wei)更多(duo)人提供(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)，必(bi)須補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)些交(jiao)流(liu)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。

如何快速找到充電樁

電動汽車車主可以通過網上城市服務內“汽車充電站”，通過地圖篩查和關鍵字查詢迅速找到最近的充電站，在手機里(li)實時(shi)查看充(chong)電樁充(chong)電槍的使用狀(zhuang)態。以后(hou)(hou)，車(che)主不會再發(fa)生趕到充(chong)電站才(cai)發(fa)現充(chong)電樁已經被占用，需要(yao)等至少一兩個小時(shi)的窘(jiong)境(jing)。而且，通過汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電站可(ke)以直接操作啟動或停止充(chong)電樁，并在充(chong)電結(jie)束后(hou)(hou)一站式完(wan)成(cheng)支付。

目前,“汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)”充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網路已覆(fu)蓋119個(ge)城(cheng)市。這(zhe)意(yi)味著這(zhe)119個(ge)城(cheng)市內近80萬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)主可以享受(shou)上(shang)述查找、支付等(deng)服務。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一直(zhi)面臨著找充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)難的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，制約了行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。此(ci)前，市面上(shang)各類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)都是由不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運營商各自為政，使(shi)用獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)APP。車(che)(che)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)手機必須裝(zhuang)十幾個(ge)甚至二十幾個(ge)APP才能保(bao)證能在就近不同(tong)運營商的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

如(ru)今，網(wang)上推出“汽(qi)車充(chong)電站”之后(hou)，車主只需要(yao)用(yong)一個APP便(bian)(bian)可(ke)以完成(cheng)。只要(yao)你打開網(wang)上汽(qi)車充(chong)電站，便(bian)(bian)會顯示(shi)附近(jin)的充(chong)電樁，你需要(yao)點擊(ji)距(ju)離你最近(jin)的一個充(chong)電樁，頁面便(bian)(bian)會顯示(shi)其地址，那么(me)你可(ke)以直接(jie)導航過(guo)去(qu)，非常便(bian)(bian)利。

新能源車充電注意事項

1、充電時間

正確掌握充(chong)電時間一(yi)般情況(kuang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)充(chong)電時間在十小時左右，要避免過度充(chong)電。準(zhun)備出行(xing)時要提(ti)前安排(pai)好途中(zhong)充(chong)電，避免行(xing)駛中(zhong)電量不足。

2、充電頻率

建議(yi)每(mei)天都(dou)充(chong)電就算(suan)平時行駛路程不多(duo)，還是(shi)建議(yi)每(mei)天都(dou)充(chong)電，這樣使(shi)電池處于淺循環狀(zhuang)態，電池的壽命會(hui)延長(chang)。原理就像(xiang)手機電池充(chong)電一樣，隨時都(dou)可以充(chong)。

3、存放

嚴禁存(cun)放時虧電(dian)在虧電(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)存(cun)放電(dian)池，很容易(yi)出現硫(liu)酸鹽化，硫(liu)酸鉛結晶物(wu)附著在極板(ban)上，會堵塞電(dian)離子通道，造(zao)成充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，電(dian)池容量下(xia)降。虧電(dian)狀(zhuang)態閑置(zhi)時間(jian)越長，電(dian)池損壞越重。因此，電(dian)池閑置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用時，應每月(yue)補充(chong)電(dian)一次，這樣能較好地保持電(dian)池健康狀(zhuang)態。所(suo)以，平時若不(bu)(bu)(bu)經(jing)常用車，也必須要打著車。這樣才不(bu)(bu)(bu)會造(zao)成車輛不(bu)(bu)(bu)必要的問題出現。