一、給員工買商業保險可替代工傷保險責任嗎

工傷保險是國家為(wei)了(le)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)職(zhi)工合(he)法權益而規定的強制性(xing)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)，用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位具有為(wei)其員工參加工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)并繳納保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費的法定義務；根(gen)據大(da)陸《工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)條例(li)》相關規定，應(ying)當(dang)參加工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)而未參加工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位職(zhi)工發生(sheng)工傷的，由該(gai)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位按照(zhao)工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)條例(li)規定的工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)待遇專案和標準(zhun)支付費用(yong)。

而(er)商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)具有(you)自(zi)愿(yuan)性，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位為其員工(gong)(gong)購買商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，一般(ban)認為屬(shu)于(yu)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位給予員工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)福(fu)利(li)待遇，并不能轉(zhuan)移(yi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任(ren)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位如要想實現分散工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，可在(zai)(zai)理賠(pei)時與勞動者(zhe)達成保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)權(quan)益轉(zhuan)讓協(xie)議，將保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)權(quan)益轉(zhuan)讓給用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位。或投保(bao)(bao)(bao)財產保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)——雇(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。雇(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)被保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)為企(qi)業對雇(gu)員在(zai)(zai)雇(gu)傭期間應(ying)承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)責(ze)任(ren)，受益人(ren)(ren)(ren)是雇(gu)主(zhu)，所以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)是賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)給雇(gu)主(zhu)，而(er)且受法(fa)律和條款的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。因此轉(zhuan)移(yi)法(fa)律賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)責(ze)任(ren)應(ying)購買雇(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、工傷保險和商險能否兼得

工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)是(shi)社(she)會保(bao)險(xian)制度的(de)(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen)，是(shi)國(guo)家和(he)社(she)會為(wei)在生(sheng)產、工(gong)(gong)作中遭(zao)受事故傷(shang)(shang)害和(he)患(huan)職業(ye)性疾病的(de)(de)勞動者(zhe)(zhe)及親屬(shu)提(ti)供醫療救治、生(sheng)活保(bao)障、經濟補償、醫療和(he)職業(ye)康復等(deng)物質幫助的(de)(de)一種社(she)會保(bao)障制度。意外傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)是(shi)指(zhi)人的(de)(de)身體和(he)生(sheng)命受到外來和(he)不可(ke)抗拒(ju)因(yin)素的(de)(de)意外傷(shang)(shang)害后(hou)，根據投保(bao)對雙方合(he)同的(de)(de)約定和(he)投保(bao)額，從保(bao)險(xian)公司獲取相應的(de)(de)賠償，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)并不相同。

首先，工傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)是(shi)(shi)一種政府行為(wei)，而(er)人(ren)身(shen)意(yi)外(wai)傷(shang)害(hai)險(xian)是(shi)(shi)一種商業(ye)行為(wei)。工傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)所(suo)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水平(ping)(ping)一般僅滿足于被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)的(de)基(ji)本生活需要(yao),高于社(she)會(hui)貧(pin)困線，低(di)于勞動期間(jian)的(de)工資標(biao)準；人(ren)身(shen)意(yi)外(wai)傷(shang)害(hai)險(xian)所(suo)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水平(ping)(ping)的(de)高低(di)完全取決保(bao)(bao)險(xian)雙方(fang)當事人(ren)的(de)約(yue)定和投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)交費的(de)多少而(er)決定，投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)只(zhi)要(yao)有繳費能(neng)力(li)、身(shen)體(ti)健康狀況符合合同規定的(de)要(yao)求，投(tou)保(bao)(bao)金額不論(lun)多少都是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)的(de)。

其次，從性質上說，工傷保險屬于法定的社會保險，由(you)政府的勞(lao)動和社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障部門(men)(men)(社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)機(ji)構)管理，具(ju)有(you)強制性(xing)(xing)，如(ru)果用人單位違(wei)反規定(ding)不(bu)為職工(gong)購買工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，將承擔一定(ding)的社會(hui)責任。依照《工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例》第六(liu)十二條(tiao)規定(ding)，工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)具(ju)有(you)社會(hui)強制性(xing)(xing)而(er)意外傷害保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)則(ze)屬于商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，其規范調整屬于商法部門(men)(men)，不(bu)具(ju)有(you)強制性(xing)(xing)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的賠(pei)償金(jin)額(e)可根據(ju)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)金(jin)額(e)大(da)小而(er)不(bu)同，體(ti)現締約(yue)自由(you)性(xing)(xing)。

再次，從繳費標(biao)準(zhun)看，工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待遇(yu)是(shi)(shi)根據社會經濟發(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)(ping)和(he)承受能力，由政府制定(ding)統一(yi)的(de)繳費標(biao)準(zhun)。在支付工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待遇(yu)時，要考慮工(gong)傷(shang)職工(gong)和(he)供養親屬的(de)基(ji)本生(sheng)活需要。人身意外傷(shang)害險(xian)(xian)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金額則是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人和(he)投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人雙方約定(ding)的(de)，當發(fa)生(sheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)事故(gu)時，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人按合(he)同規定(ding)的(de)金額一(yi)次性賠付保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金，其保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障水平(ping)(ping)是(shi)(shi)依據合(he)同和(he)投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人交納(na)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費多(duo)少而(er)定(ding)的(de)，多(duo)投(tou)(tou)多(duo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，少投(tou)(tou)少保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，不投(tou)(tou)不保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。

最后，從承擔(dan)責(ze)任的主體看,建立工(gong)傷保(bao)險(xian)的目的是為了分散用(yong)人單位承擔(dan)責(ze)任的風險(xian)，調動社(she)會力量以保(bao)證用(yong)人單位損失減(jian)少，因此(ci)，用(yong)人單位在繳納(na)一(yi)定數額保(bao)險(xian)金(jin)(jin)后，最后由國家統一(yi)管理的社(she)會基金(jin)(jin)支付賠償金(jin)(jin)。而(er)人身(shen)意外傷害保(bao)險(xian)其賠償是由保(bao)險(xian)公司從收取的保(bao)費中支付。

根(gen)據勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)和社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)部辦(ban)公廳《關(guan)于參加(jia)商(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)人(ren)身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后是(shi)否還應當參加(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問題的(de)(de)復函》的(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)規定，工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重要(yao)組成部分，是(shi)國家(jia)強制實施的(de)(de)一(yi)項社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)制度。按(an)照(zhao)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)法第(di)七(qi)十二(er)條(tiao)“用人(ren)單位和勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者必須依法參加(jia)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，繳納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費”的(de)(de)規定，中國境內的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)無(wu)論是(shi)否參加(jia)了商(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)人(ren)身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，都(dou)必須按(an)照(zhao)國家(jia)規定參加(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不能代替(ti)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。企(qi)業(ye)在參加(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)同時，可以根(gen)據本單位的(de)(de)實際情況，為職(zhi)工(gong)辦(ban)理人(ren)身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。用人(ren)單位的(de)(de)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)行為純粹屬于給(gei)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)額外(wai)(wai)(wai)福利，無(wu)法起到替(ti)代工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)功能。

綜上，職工(gong)(gong)在獲得(de)人身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外傷害(hai)(hai)險賠(pei)償(chang)后，仍可以主(zhu)張工(gong)(gong)傷保險賠(pei)償(chang)。用人單位不能以職工(gong)(gong)已獲得(de)人身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外傷害(hai)(hai)賠(pei)償(chang)為由進行抗辯，職工(gong)(gong)可以同(tong)時得(de)到該兩種賠(pei)償(chang)。