1、電動車應怎樣正確充電？

主要應把握兩個原則：一是要淺放勤充。二是不能過充。注意電瓶車禁止虧電存放，會嚴重影響使用壽命，如果閑置時間越長，蓄電池損壞也越嚴重。【電動車電池壽命有多長】

2、為什么要淺放勤充？

電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)形成硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)把硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛還原成硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)和鉛。如(ru)果深度(du)(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或不(bu)(bu)及(ji)時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能還原，造成極板的硫(liu)(liu)化。所以，應(ying)作到天(tian)天(tian)騎，天(tian)天(tian)充，不(bu)(bu)可深度(du)(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、充電時間不能過長有什么危害？

充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)長會(hui)過(guo)(guo)(guo)量消(xiao)耗電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)內的水(shui)(shui)分(fen)，加速極(ji)板的硫化過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，使電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)因缺水(shui)(shui)而容量漸(jian)漸(jian)下降，直至(zhi)把電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)充(chong)鼓、報廢。

4、怎樣把握正確的充電時間？

正確(que)的(de)充(chong)電時間為(wei)；綠(lv)燈(deng)亮(liang)了(le)(le)(le)后(hou)再浮充(chong)1—2小時，然后(hou)切(qie)斷電源。電動(dong)車(che)充(chong)電器都沒(mei)有(you)過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護功能，雖(sui)然綠(lv)燈(deng)亮(liang)了(le)(le)(le)，但由(you)于不(bu)能切(qie)斷電源，其實電瓶仍在繼續充(chong)電，繼續分解、蒸(zheng)發電瓶內(nei)的(de)水分。那種“充(chong)滿(man)了(le)(le)(le)就不(bu)充(chong)了(le)(le)(le)”的(de)說法(fa)是(shi)完全沒(mei)有(you)科(ke)學道理(li)的(de)。

5、造成電瓶短命的主要原因是什么？

充電(dian)不及時和充電(dian)時間過長(chang)是造成電(dian)瓶短命的主要原因。

1、故障現象

①首先檢查回路(lu)連(lian)接是否接觸完好，認真檢查插(cha)座和插(cha)頭是否有“打火(huo)”燒弧現象，有無(wu)線(xian)路(lu)損傷斷(duan)線(xian)等。

②檢查充電器有無損壞，充電參數是否符合要求：即初期充電電流達到1.6-2.5A/只；最高充電電壓達到14.8-14.9V/只，充電浮充電轉換電流達0.3-0.4A/只，浮充電壓達到14.0-14.4V/只。【電動車充電器故障維修】

③查看電池內(nei)部是否有干涸(he)現象，即電池是否缺液嚴(yan)重。

④還應檢查極板是否存(cun)(cun)在(zai)硫化(hua)(hua)。極板的(de)不(bu)(bu)可逆硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)，可通過QN--1000初步判(pan)斷（一般放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測在(zai)6V以(yi)下）然后用容(rong)量檢測儀測試，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達不(bu)(bu)到(dao)規定容(rong)量50%的(de)一般是出現不(bu)(bu)可逆硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)。另外(wai)，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)上升特(te)別(bie)快，某些單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)特(te)別(bie)高，超出正常值很(hen)多；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下降特(te)別(bie)快，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)(bu)存(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或存(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)少。出現上述情況，可判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出現不(bu)(bu)可逆硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)。

2、故障的檢查和處理

將電路各部(bu)位連接牢固，充電器不正常的必須進(jin)行更換(huan)。電池格內(nei)干涸的應補加純水進(jin)行脈沖修復。

應控制配組的(de)(de)(de)三只電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)均在(zai)13.4V/只以上為好。如果電(dian)池(chi)之間電(dian)壓(ya)差別超(chao)過0.3V，就會出(chu)現因為不(bu)同步而(er)在(zai)使(shi)用過程中繼續產生硫化。所(suo)以要(yao)特別注意修復后(hou)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)配組問題（特別是電(dian)摩(mo)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)用戶(hu)）需要(yao)更(geng)換的(de)(de)(de)就必須更(geng)換！

1、買車(che)（或(huo)更換(huan)電(dian)池）后，電(dian)池應該(gai)有80％左右的電(dian)量，到(dao)家就應該(gai)充電(dian)，時間是以充電(dian)器變燈后再充4小時為宜，這樣要三次。

2、以后每天騎(qi)行電(dian)動助力(li)車，無論10-50km，均應補(bu)充充電(dian)，使電(dian)池長期處于(yu)“吃飽狀態”，而且(qie)當天(tian)就充，用完了(le)閑(xian)置幾天(tian)再充，易(yi)出現極板硫化，容量下降。但是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)的時間不(bu)要過(guo)長(chang)，以充電(dian)(dian)器變(bian)燈后(hou)一個小(xiao)時為(wei)(wei)宜。充電(dian)(dian)時寧可欠充一些，也(ye)不(bu)要過(guo)充，否則電(dian)(dian)池會被充的因為(wei)(wei)缺水后(hou)，鼓包(bao)，腫漲。造成(cheng)對電(dian)(dian)池不(bu)可補救的損失(shi)。

3、不要讓水進(jin)入電(dian)池盒內，以(yi)造成殼體內電(dian)池聯(lian)電(dian)。

4、每個月定期一次完全放電（騎到“欠壓”燈亮起），即長距離騎行直到欠壓指示燈閃亮，電量用完，然后充電恢復電池容量，也使您了解到電池當前的容量水平，是否需要經維護保護，然后連續充(chong)電12小時(shi)。

5、有條件(jian)的對(dui)(dui)整(zheng)組(zu)電池(chi)里的單體對(dui)(dui)調(diao)一下，對(dui)(dui)過了(le)質(zhi)保期的電池(chi)（尤其是到了(le)夏天(tian)），每(mei)(mei)個三(san)，四個月要對(dui)(dui)電池(chi)每(mei)(mei)個單體補充(chong)3-4毫升的去(qu)離(li)子水（純凈水也可）。

6、一旦發現充電器不轉綠燈或一充電就轉綠燈，一定要檢查是不是充電器有問題，或者失水。【電動車充電器一直綠燈或紅燈的解決方法】

7、整(zheng)組電(dian)(dian)池的放電(dian)(dian)口(kou)與充電(dian)(dian)口(kou)要隨時保持清潔，防止接觸點(dian)出現銅(tong)銹，造成接觸不良發(fa)生過熱而損壞。

8、有腳(jiao)踏的(de)盡量(liang)用(yong)腳(jiao)起步(bu)，不要(yao)負(fu)荷太大，加速平(ping)緩。不要(yao)坐上車就給電起動。

一組電(dian)瓶在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)確充(chong)(chong)電(dian)和正(zheng)(zheng)常維護(hu)的情況下，可使用(yong)5年以上。很多用(yong)戶(hu)只用(yong)1—2年就(jiu)換新的，主要是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)不當造成的，因(yin)此，掌握正(zheng)(zheng)確的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)至(zhi)關重要。記住電(dian)瓶不是用(yong)壞(huai)的，而是充(chong)(chong)壞(huai)的。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為36伏，容(rong)量12安(an)(an)培(pei)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)功率36伏*12安(an)(an)=432瓦(wa)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)功率有180瓦(wa)、240瓦(wa)、350瓦(wa)等；充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)如(ru)按6小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)計，每小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)2安(an)(an)培(pei)，每小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量36伏*2安(an)(an)*1小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)=72瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)=0.072千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)=0.07度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，6小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)共用0.07度*6=0.42度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)加上充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)損耗20%，一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需用0.6度。由于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不同(tong)，因(yin)此充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間長短(duan)不同(tong)，但總的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量都是0.6度左(zuo)右！

電動車用電量的基本測算公式

不同的電(dian)動車充(chong)一次電(dian)耗電(dian)多少其實很簡(jian)單，大家只要(yao)根據充(chong)電(dian)器的標識(shi)就(jiu)能(neng)輕松算出(chu)來：

以48V/1.5A的充電(dian)(dian)器為(wei)例，如果充10個小時，則48*1.5*10=720，既(ji)0.72度電(dian)(dian)，合人民幣(bi)也就4毛錢，如果充的時間(jian)少(shao)的話就更少(shao)。還是很便(bian)宜(yi)的。

1、首先不能超載(zai)超重行駛(shi)，行駛(shi)中發(fa)現儀表顯示(shi)電(dian)量(liang)不足時，要用人(ren)力騎行，因為深(shen)度放(fang)電(dian)對電(dian)池壽命的(de)損(sun)耗(hao)很(hen)大(da)。

2、注(zhu)意充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，時間一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)長(chang)，要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證將電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足。對(dui)于鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池來說，不(bu)管路程(cheng)遠(yuan)近，使(shi)用(yong)完(wan)后都要(yao)(yao)立(li)即充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨(sui)放隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量完(wan)全耗盡(jin)才去充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如車長(chang)期不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)，也要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證每月補充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。這樣既可保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，又能延長(chang)其使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

3、及時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)特性應該充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)存放，不(bu)要等電(dian)(dian)放完了(le)再充(chong)，這樣會加快電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板的(de)(de)硫(liu)化，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量很(hen)快降低(di)，壽命縮短。

4、及(ji)時補(bu)充液(ye)(ye)體蓄電池是靠一定濃度的(de)硫酸溶液(ye)(ye)和鉛(qian)化學反應產生(sheng)電能，一旦(dan)液(ye)(ye)體不足(zu)，使(shi)用中電池很(hen)快會發熱損壞，因此，及(ji)時補(bu)充液(ye)(ye)體至關(guan)重要。

5、盡量避免急剎車，緩慢加(jia)速(su)。盡量保持(chi)中速(su)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)中速(su)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)最省電，對電池(chi)的(de)沖擊最小。新電池(chi)以(yi)不超(chao)過(guo)15公(gong)里(li)／小時的(de)速(su)度，可以(yi)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)60公(gong)里(li)左(zuo)右，如果以(yi)25公(gong)里(li)，小時的(de)速(su)度，則只(zhi)能行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)45公(gong)里(li)左(zuo)右。

6、不要(yao)在靜(jing)止的(de)狀態下直接(jie)利用馬達啟(qi)動車(che)子，最好用腳踩同時(shi)助力進行啟(qi)動。上橋、上坡(po)、逆風行駛時(shi)務必要(yao)用腳踏助力，以避免對電池(chi)造(zao)成沖擊(ji)性傷害(hai)，影(ying)響電池(chi)的(de)續行里程和使用壽命(ming)。

7、行駛中不要突然大幅度加速突然大幅度加速意味著電池強電流放電，不但傷害電池的極板，使電池容量快速下降，壽命縮短，而且還很容易燒毀鑰匙電門（俗稱絲尾子）的開關接點。【詳細】