1、電動車應怎樣正確充電？

主要應把握兩個原則：一是要淺放勤充。二是不能過充。注意電瓶車禁止虧電存放，會嚴重影響使用壽命，如果閑置時間越長，蓄電池損壞也越嚴重。【電動車電池壽命有多長】

2、為什么要淺放勤充？

電(dian)瓶放電(dian)時(shi)形成硫酸鉛，充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)把硫酸鉛還原成硫酸和鉛。如(ru)果深度放電(dian)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)及時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)，硫酸鉛就不(bu)(bu)能還原，造成極板(ban)的硫化。所以，應作到天天騎，天天充(chong)，不(bu)(bu)可深度放電(dian)。

3、充電時間不能過長有什么危害？

充電(dian)時間過長會過量(liang)消耗電(dian)瓶內的水分，加速極板的硫化(hua)過程(cheng)，使電(dian)瓶因缺(que)水而容(rong)量(liang)漸漸下降，直至(zhi)把電(dian)瓶充鼓(gu)、報廢。

4、怎樣把握正確的充電時間？

正確(que)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)為；綠燈(deng)亮(liang)了(le)后(hou)再浮充(chong)1—2小時，然后(hou)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器都沒有過充(chong)保(bao)護功(gong)能，雖然綠燈(deng)亮(liang)了(le)，但由于不能切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其實(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶仍在繼(ji)續充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，繼(ji)續分(fen)解、蒸發電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶內(nei)的水分(fen)。那種“充(chong)滿了(le)就不充(chong)了(le)”的說(shuo)法是完全沒有科(ke)學道(dao)理的。

5、造成電瓶短命的主要原因是什么？

充(chong)電不及(ji)時和(he)充(chong)電時間過(guo)長(chang)是造成電瓶短命(ming)的主要原因(yin)。

1、故障現象

①首先檢查回(hui)路連接(jie)是(shi)否接(jie)觸完好，認(ren)真檢查插座和插頭是(shi)否有“打火(huo)”燒弧現象，有無(wu)線(xian)路損傷斷線(xian)等。

②檢查充電器有無損壞，充電參數是否符合要求：即初期充電電流達到1.6-2.5A/只；最高充電電壓達到14.8-14.9V/只，充電浮充電轉換電流達0.3-0.4A/只，浮充電壓達到14.0-14.4V/只。【電動車充電器故障維修】

③查看(kan)電(dian)池內部是否(fou)(fou)有干涸現(xian)象，即電(dian)池是否(fou)(fou)缺液嚴(yan)重。

④還應檢查極板(ban)是否存(cun)在(zai)硫(liu)化(hua)。極板(ban)的不(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)，可通過QN--1000初步判斷（一般放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測在(zai)6V以下）然(ran)后(hou)用容量檢測儀測試，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達(da)不(bu)到規定(ding)容量50%的一般是出現不(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)。另外，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)上升特別快(kuai)，某(mou)些單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)特別高(gao)，超(chao)出正常(chang)值很(hen)(hen)多(duo)；放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降特別快(kuai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)(hen)少。出現上述情況，可判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出現不(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)。

2、故障的檢查和處理

將電(dian)路各部(bu)位(wei)連(lian)接(jie)牢固，充(chong)電(dian)器不正常(chang)的必須進(jin)行更(geng)換。電(dian)池格(ge)內干涸(he)的應補加純水進(jin)行脈沖修(xiu)復。

應控制配(pei)(pei)組的三只電池(chi)的電壓均在(zai)13.4V/只以上為好。如果電池(chi)之間電壓差別超(chao)過(guo)0.3V，就會(hui)出現因為不同步而在(zai)使(shi)用過(guo)程(cheng)中繼續產(chan)生硫化。所以要特(te)別注意修復后電池(chi)的配(pei)(pei)組問題(ti)（特(te)別是(shi)電摩(mo)電池(chi)的用戶）需要更換的就必(bi)須更換！

1、買車（或(huo)更換(huan)電(dian)池）后，電(dian)池應該(gai)有80％左右的(de)電(dian)量(liang)，到家就應該(gai)充電(dian)，時(shi)間是以(yi)充電(dian)器變燈后再充4小時(shi)為宜，這(zhe)樣(yang)要三次。

2、以后每天騎行電(dian)動(dong)助力車，無論10-50km，均應(ying)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)，使電(dian)池長期(qi)處于“吃飽狀態”，而且當(dang)天就充(chong)，用完了(le)閑置幾天再充(chong)，易出現極(ji)板(ban)硫化(hua)，容量下(xia)降。但是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)時間不(bu)要(yao)過長，以(yi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器變燈后一(yi)個小時為宜。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時寧可欠充(chong)(chong)一(yi)些，也不(bu)要(yao)過充(chong)(chong)，否則電(dian)池會被(bei)充(chong)(chong)的(de)因為缺(que)水(shui)后，鼓包，腫漲。造成對電(dian)池不(bu)可補救的(de)損(sun)失。

3、不要讓(rang)水(shui)進入電池(chi)盒內，以造成(cheng)殼體內電池(chi)聯電。

4、每個月定期一次完全放電（騎到“欠壓”燈亮起），即長距離騎行直到欠壓指示燈閃亮，電量用完，然后充電恢復電池容量，也使您了解到電池當前的容量水平，是否需要經維護保護，然后連(lian)續充電12小(xiao)時。

5、有條(tiao)件(jian)的對(dui)(dui)整組電池里的單(dan)體(ti)對(dui)(dui)調一(yi)下，對(dui)(dui)過(guo)了質保期的電池（尤其是到了夏天），每(mei)個(ge)三(san)，四個(ge)月要(yao)對(dui)(dui)電池每(mei)個(ge)單(dan)體(ti)補充3-4毫升的去離子(zi)水（純凈水也可）。

6、一旦發現充電器不轉綠燈或一充電就轉綠燈，一定要檢查是不是充電器有問題，或者失水。【電動車充電器一直綠燈或紅燈的解決方法】

7、整組電(dian)池的放電(dian)口(kou)(kou)與充電(dian)口(kou)(kou)要(yao)隨時保持清潔，防止接觸點出現銅(tong)銹，造(zao)成接觸不(bu)良發生過熱而損壞。

8、有腳(jiao)踏的(de)盡量用腳(jiao)起(qi)步，不要(yao)負荷(he)太大，加速平緩。不要(yao)坐上車就(jiu)給電起(qi)動(dong)。

一(yi)組電(dian)(dian)瓶在正確充電(dian)(dian)和正常維護的情況下，可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)5年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)。很多用(yong)戶(hu)只用(yong)1—2年(nian)就(jiu)換(huan)新的，主要(yao)(yao)是充電(dian)(dian)不當造成的，因此，掌(zhang)握(wo)正確的充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法至關(guan)重要(yao)(yao)。記住電(dian)(dian)瓶不是用(yong)壞(huai)的，而是充壞(huai)的。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為36伏(fu)，容(rong)量(liang)12安(an)培(pei)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)功(gong)率(lv)36伏(fu)*12安(an)=432瓦(wa)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機功(gong)率(lv)有180瓦(wa)、240瓦(wa)、350瓦(wa)等；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如按6小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)計，每小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流2安(an)培(pei)，每小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)36伏(fu)*2安(an)*1小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)=72瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)=0.072千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)=0.07度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，6小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)用0.07度(du)*6=0.42度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如加上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)損耗20%，一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需用0.6度(du)。由(you)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不同，因此充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間長(chang)短不同，但總的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)都是0.6度(du)左右！

電動車用電量的基本測算公式

不(bu)同的電動車充(chong)一次電耗電多少其實(shi)很簡單，大家只要根據(ju)充(chong)電器的標識就(jiu)能輕松算出來：

以(yi)48V/1.5A的充電器為例，如果(guo)充10個小時(shi)，則48*1.5*10=720，既0.72度電，合人民幣也就(jiu)4毛錢，如果(guo)充的時(shi)間少的話(hua)就(jiu)更(geng)少。還是很便宜的。

1、首先不(bu)能超載超重行駛(shi)(shi)，行駛(shi)(shi)中發現儀表顯示電(dian)量不(bu)足(zu)時(shi)，要用人力騎行，因為深度放電(dian)對電(dian)池壽命的損耗很大(da)。

2、注意充(chong)電(dian)方法。新(xin)電(dian)池在第一(yi)次充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)長(chang)，要(yao)保證將(jiang)電(dian)充(chong)足。對于鉛酸蓄電(dian)池來說(shuo)，不(bu)管路程(cheng)遠近(jin)，使用完后都(dou)要(yao)立即充(chong)電(dian)，隨(sui)放隨(sui)充(chong)，不(bu)要(yao)到電(dian)量完全耗(hao)盡才去充(chong)電(dian)，如車長(chang)期不(bu)使用，也要(yao)保證每(mei)月(yue)補充(chong)電(dian)一(yi)次。這樣既可保護電(dian)池，又(you)能延(yan)長(chang)其使用壽命。

3、及時充電(dian)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池的特性應(ying)該充滿電(dian)存放，不要(yao)等電(dian)放完了再充，這(zhe)樣會加快電(dian)池極板的硫化，使電(dian)池的容量很快降低，壽(shou)命(ming)縮短(duan)。

4、及時補(bu)(bu)充液體蓄電(dian)池是靠(kao)一定濃度的硫(liu)酸溶(rong)液和鉛(qian)化學反應產生電(dian)能，一旦液體不(bu)足，使用(yong)中電(dian)池很快會發熱損壞，因(yin)此，及時補(bu)(bu)充液體至關重要。

5、盡量避免急剎車，緩慢(man)加速(su)(su)(su)。盡(jin)量保持中(zhong)速(su)(su)(su)行駛(shi)中(zhong)速(su)(su)(su)行駛(shi)最省電，對電池(chi)的沖擊(ji)最小(xiao)。新電池(chi)以(yi)不超過15公里(li)／小(xiao)時的速(su)(su)(su)度，可(ke)以(yi)行駛(shi)60公里(li)左右，如果以(yi)25公里(li)，小(xiao)時的速(su)(su)(su)度，則(ze)只(zhi)能(neng)行駛(shi)45公里(li)左右。

6、不要(yao)在靜止(zhi)的狀態下直接利(li)用(yong)(yong)馬達(da)啟(qi)動(dong)車子，最好用(yong)(yong)腳踩同時(shi)助力(li)進(jin)行啟(qi)動(dong)。上橋、上坡、逆風行駛時(shi)務必(bi)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)腳踏助力(li)，以避(bi)免對(dui)電(dian)池造(zao)成沖擊性(xing)傷害，影(ying)響電(dian)池的續行里程和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。

7、行駛中不要突然大幅度加速突然大幅度加速意味著電池強電流放電，不但傷害電池的極板，使電池容量快速下降，壽命縮短，而且還很容易燒毀鑰匙電門（俗稱絲尾子）的開關接點。【詳細】