歷史沿革
明正(zheng)統九年(1444年),御賜匾額“華林寺”,一直沿用至今(jin)。明正(zheng)德年間(1506年-1521年),并入附近的羅漢院、越(yue)山庵(an),后又增建(jian)了御書閣、環峰亭、絕學(xue)樓、勝會亭等建(jian)筑(zhu)物。
華林寺幾(ji)經焚毀,現僅存大殿。1958年(nian)(nian)第一(yi)次全國(guo)文(wen)物(wu)普查中(zhong)被鑒定為長江(jiang)以南最古老木構建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)。1984年(nian)(nian)遵循修(xiu)舊(jiu)如舊(jiu)的(de)原則落架修(xiu)復,并配建(jian)(jian)山門、東西配殿、回廊及工(gong)作室等附屬建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),于(yu)1989年(nian)(nian)10月竣工(gong)完(wan)成(cheng)
華(hua)林(lin)寺大(da)殿(dian)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)近方(fang)形,面(mian)(mian)闊三間,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)四間,共(gong)用檐柱(zhu)14根,內柱(zhu) 4根,通(tong)面(mian)(mian)闊15.84米,通(tong)進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)14.70米,臺明面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei) 495.6平(ping)方(fang)米,單檐歇山筒板(ban)布瓦頂。主體構架為(wei)(wei)八架椽屋前后(hou)乳栿(fa)用四柱(zhu),徹(che)上露明造。內柱(zhu)高過檐柱(zhu)2.62米,是為(wei)(wei)了容(rong)納內槽(cao)佛像(xiang)的(de)高度。正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)無側腳(jiao),兩山前后(hou)內柱(zhu)各(ge)有(you)側腳(jiao) 4厘米。
大殿設置
大(da)(da)殿(dian)的(de)(de)四檐及內柱(zhu)(zhu)頭上均施斗(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong),用(yong)(yong)(yong)材碩大(da)(da),單材31.5×16厘米,斷(duan)面(mian)為(wei)2∶1,這是(shi)同時代實物(wu)中(zhong)罕(han)見的(de)(de)斷(duan)面(mian)比(bi)例。斗(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)配(pei)置,只在前檐用(yong)(yong)(yong)了補間鋪(pu)(pu)作,當心(xin)間2朵(duo),兩次間各1朵(duo)。斗(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)七鋪(pu)(pu)作雙(shuang)抄雙(shuang)下昂(ang),一、三跳頭偷心(xin)。耍(shua)頭做(zuo)法與下昂(ang)一致。斗(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)總高為(wei)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)高的(de)(de)3/4 ,體量雄大(da)(da),不用(yong)(yong)(yong)普柏枋,櫨斗(dou)(dou)底部(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)皿(min)板,山面(mian)斗(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)后尾連(lian)續用(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)跳偷心(xin)華栱(gong)(gong)(gong)及下昂(ang);在梁架中(zhong)大(da)(da)量使用(yong)(yong)(yong)斗(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong),多用(yong)(yong)(yong)駝峰而少用(yong)(yong)(yong)蜀柱(zhu)(zhu),各榑外端頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)頭木等。大(da)(da)殿(dian)在構(gou)造和藝術處理(li)上帶有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)地方特征,如柱(zhu)(zhu)子的(de)(de)上下卷(juan)殺做(zuo)法,云形駝峰,昂(ang)面(mian)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)梟雙(shuang)混曲線,圓形斷(duan)面(mian)的(de)(de)月梁,柱(zhu)(zhu)頭方、羅漢方和撩檐方上鐫刻(ke)團窠等。
1985年起,國(guo)家(jia)撥專款進行了(le)大(da)修,除(chu)修復(fu)了(le)大(da)殿外,另(ling)增建(jian)山(shan)門(men)配殿及四隅圍墻,并建(jian)立了(le)華(hua)林寺(si)(si)(si)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護所。華(hua)林寺(si)(si)(si)大(da)殿在1958年文(wen)物(wu)(wu)普查中被鑒定出建(jian)造(zao)時間,從而取代(dai)寧波的保(bao)國(guo)寺(si)(si)(si)大(da)殿,成為(wei)中國(guo)長江(jiang)以南現(xian)存(cun)最古老木構建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)。華(hua)林寺(si)(si)(si)的建(jian)筑風(feng)格對日本鐮倉(cang)時期(12世紀(ji)末(mo))的建(jian)筑風(feng)格如“大(da)佛樣”、“天竺樣”等有(you)著(zhu)巨大(da)的影響,1982年被公布為(wei)全國(guo)重點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位。寺(si)(si)(si)內還存(cun)有(you)宋高宗趙構篆書(shu)殘碑一(yi)方,清康熙(xi)《華(hua)林禪寺(si)(si)(si)香燈碑》、民(min)國(guo)《林森紀(ji)念堂碑》等文(wen)物(wu)(wu)。