黑(hei)龍江賓縣二龍湖濕(shi)地公園位于黑(hei)龍江省南(nan)部,松花江南(nan)岸的賓縣縣城西南(nan)6km處(chu)。地理(li)坐標為北緯(wei)45°41′59.8″~45°44′36.6″,東(dong)經127°23′33.9″~127°27′48.3″,東(dong)西長5.44km,南(nan)北寬4.90km,總(zong)面積為1286.3hm2。
黑龍(long)江(jiang)賓縣二(er)(er)(er)龍(long)湖是2012年經國家(jia)林業局審核批準成立的國家(jia)濕地公(gong)園(yuan),濕地公(gong)園(yuan)范圍是東以(yi)(yi)環湖公(gong)路(lu)與南(nan)陽村(cun)相鄰(lin),西以(yi)(yi)泄洪渠(qu)與二(er)(er)(er)龍(long)村(cun)、永樂村(cun)、二(er)(er)(er)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)家(jia)屬區相鄰(lin);南(nan)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)脊線接二(er)(er)(er)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)林場,北以(yi)(yi)環湖公(gong)路(lu)鄰(lin)二(er)(er)(er)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)村(cun)。
二龍(long)(long)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)水(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)較(jiao)大,以湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊和沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)為主,土(tu)壤類(lei)型主要有(you)黑(hei)土(tu)、白漿土(tu)、草甸土(tu)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)土(tu)、泥炭土(tu)、泛濫土(tu)和水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu),濕(shi)地率高達75.63%。二龍(long)(long)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)比較(jiao)豐富。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)環境復雜,既有(you)大面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊和沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze),又有(you)小面(mian)積(ji)(ji)草甸及(ji)森(sen)林(lin)(lin),充(chong)分表現出野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)棲息生(sheng)(sheng)境的(de)多樣性。由于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)較(jiao)大且(qie)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)足,吸引了(le)各種(zhong)在森(sen)林(lin)(lin)和草地上筑巢繁殖的(de)鳥類(lei)前來覓(mi)食;一些大型的(de)哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)也常(chang)游(you)蕩于(yu)二龍(long)(long)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸邊棲居、覓(mi)食和飲水(shui)(shui),同時公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)的(de)積(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)濕(shi)地和小面(mian)積(ji)(ji)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)也為眾多野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)提供了(le)棲息場所。因(yin)此,二龍(long)(long)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)特別是鳥類(lei)和魚類(lei)的(de)種(zhong)類(lei)較(jiao)多,種(zhong)群數量大、分布范圍廣。
根據(ju)調查表明,目前公(gong)園內分布有(you)野生動物30目78科279種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中,有(you)魚類(lei)4目10科49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);兩(liang)棲類(lei)2目5科8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);爬行類(lei)2目3科7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);鳥類(lei)16目46科181種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);獸類(lei)6目14科34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家Ⅰ級保(bao)護動物有(you)東方白鸛,國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)護動物有(you)黑熊、猞猁、黃喉貂(diao)、青鼬、馬鹿及鴛鴦等30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是哈爾濱(bin)地(di)區生物資源的重要組成部分。
黑龍江賓縣二龍湖(hu)(hu)國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于長白(bai)(bai)山脈張廣才嶺西北部小嶺的(de)余(yu)脈,植被屬(shu)(shu)(shu)長白(bai)(bai)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系。二龍湖(hu)(hu)國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有高等植物(wu)(wu)(wu)364種(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于64科(ke)183屬(shu)(shu)(shu)。其中蕨類(lei)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)7種(zhong),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總科(ke)數(shu)的(de)6.25%,占總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)2.73%,占總種(zhong)數(shu)的(de)1.92%;種(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)357種(zhong),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)總種(zhong)數(shu)的(de)98.08%,隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于60科(ke)178屬(shu)(shu)(shu),分(fen)別(bie)占濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)93.75%和97.27%。在濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內分(fen)布的(de)優勢(shi)(shi)科(ke)有菊(ju)科(ke)、禾本科(ke)、毛茛科(ke)、薔(qiang)薇(wei)科(ke)、百合科(ke)、傘形科(ke)、唇形科(ke)、石竹科(ke)、莎草科(ke)、蓼科(ke)以及豆科(ke),這11個優勢(shi)(shi)科(ke)所(suo)含植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)數(shu)占全(quan)區(qu)種(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)數(shu)的(de)60.22%。
黑龍(long)(long)江二(er)龍(long)(long)湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園區域內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、草(cao)本沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、灌叢沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、庫塘濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和其他人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)等多種濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)共同組成。二(er)龍(long)(long)湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景觀優美、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)多樣性高,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水體未收污染(ran),能夠發(fa)揮(hui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功(gong)能作用(yong)。二(er)龍(long)(long)湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園,不(bu)僅對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統的(de)保護有重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)意義,而且對二(er)龍(long)(long)湖的(de)水源涵養及(ji)區域經濟可持(chi)續發(fa)展發(fa)揮(hui)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)價值和社會價值。