芒果视频

相關項目

1、童謠（北京童謠），編號：Ⅰ-78
（1）批次/類型：2008年(第二批)，新增項目
（2）申報地區或單位：北京市宣武區
（3）保護單位：北京市宣武師范學校附屬第一小學
2、童謠（紹興童謠），編號：Ⅰ-78
（1）批次/類型：2014年(第四批)，擴展項目
（2）申報地區或單位：浙江省紹興市
（3）保護單位：紹興市文化館、紹興市非物質文化遺產保護中心
3、童謠（閩南童謠），編號：Ⅰ-78
（1）批次/類型：2008年(第二批)，新增項目
（2）申報地區或單位：福建省廈門市
（3）保護單位：廈門市集美區灌口小學（福建省廈門實驗小學集美分校）
4、童謠（納西族童謠），編號：Ⅰ-78
（1）批次/類型：2021年(第五批)，擴展項目
（2）申報地區(qu)或單位(wei)：云南(nan)省麗江市古城區(qu)

童謠簡介

童謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)指傳唱(chang)于(yu)兒童之(zhi)口的沒有(you)(you)樂譜(pu)的歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，是(shi)流(liu)傳于(yu)全國各地(di)的一種由特殊群體念唱(chang)、傳播，具(ju)有(you)(you)特殊意(yi)義的民謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種類。童謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在我(wo)國已有(you)(you)千年的歷史，歷朝(chao)官修正(zheng)史及(ji)雜傳、筆記(ji)、小(xiao)說中不(bu)乏童謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的記(ji)錄。童謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)主要(yao)有(you)(you)書面、口頭兩種傳承方式，其語言淺顯易懂，內容樸實自然，是(shi)民間文學(xue)藝術的優秀代表。童謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中積淀了(le)優秀的民族文化，蘊涵著豐富(fu)的教育內容。

知名童謠

北京童謠

北京童謠表現了各時期北京的城市性格和北京人的思想感情，承載著我國幾千年的歷史，感染滲透力強，是可挖掘、可借鑒的寶貴教育資源。北京(jing)童(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)按內容可分(fen)為(wei)三類(lei)：第(di)一類(lei)是長輩、父母為(wei)教(jiao)育兒(er)童(tong)(tong)而編唱的童(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)；第(di)二類(lei)是描(miao)述成(cheng)人生活(huo)、情感(gan)、觀念、見解(jie)的童(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)；第(di)三類(lei)是根據古代儀式中的慣用語(yu)或歷史題材(cai)加工而成(cheng)的童(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)。童(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)有多種(zhong)表現形(xing)式，包(bao)括頂針格(ge)、串(chuan)話(hua)、繞口令、謠(yao)(yao)諺格(ge)、搖(yao)籃曲、謎語(yu)格(ge)、連(lian)鎖調、數數歌、問答歌、排比格(ge)等。在創作過程中要合轍押(ya)韻，包(bao)括雙句(ju)(ju)押(ya)韻、句(ju)(ju)句(ju)(ju)押(ya)韻、每(mei)兩句(ju)(ju)一押(ya)韻等押(ya)韻方式。如《東直門掛著匾》、《大(da)頭(tou)兒(er)大(da)》、《一園青(qing)菜成(cheng)了精》、《過水面》、《風婆(po)婆(po)》、《金箍(gu)嚕棒(bang)》等。

如今，北(bei)京童謠(yao)這種反映孩(hai)子(zi)們(men)童真(zhen)童趣、對無數人的(de)(de)成長產生過(guo)重要影響(xiang)的(de)(de)文學樣式(shi)正逐漸淡出孩(hai)子(zi)們(men)的(de)(de)生活，千百年來一(yi)直為人們(men)傳唱的(de)(de)耳熟能詳的(de)(de)童謠(yao)已開始(shi)為今天的(de)(de)孩(hai)子(zi)們(men)所遺忘(wang)。必須立即著手保護(hu)、傳承、發展北(bei)京童謠(yao)這一(yi)民族瑰寶，使之更好地為少(shao)年兒童的(de)(de)成長服(fu)務。

閩南童謠

閩(min)(min)南(nan)童(tong)謠是以(yi)閩(min)(min)南(nan)方言創作(zuo)(zuo)和傳唱的(de)(de)兒童(tong)歌謠，流行于閩(min)(min)南(nan)、臺(tai)灣(wan)地區和東南(nan)亞華僑華裔居住地，是歷代閩(min)(min)南(nan)百姓根據兒童(tong)的(de)(de)理解能力(li)、心理特(te)點，用閩(min)(min)南(nan)方言復雜而富(fu)有音樂(le)美(mei)的(de)(de)韻語和平仄節(jie)奏(zou)創作(zuo)(zuo)，并在(zai)傳唱過程中不(bu)斷修改、補充而形(xing)成的(de)(de)民間文學形(xing)式(shi)。

閩(min)(min)(min)南童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)的(de)起源、沿(yan)革沒有詳細的(de)文字(zi)記載，但(dan)從福(fu)建地方典籍中(zhong)看，唐(tang)代閩(min)(min)(min)地的(de)民(min)間童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)《月(yue)光光》與今天閩(min)(min)(min)南各(ge)地流傳的(de)同名童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)雖然文字(zi)上存在差(cha)異(yi)，但(dan)主題(ti)和(he)結(jie)構(gou)十分相似，因(yin)此閩(min)(min)(min)南童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)在唐(tang)代已經(jing)出現。明朝中(zhong)葉以后，隨著閩(min)(min)(min)南人大批(pi)過(guo)臺(tai)灣(wan)、下南洋，閩(min)(min)(min)南童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)也隨之傳播到臺(tai)灣(wan)、南洋。

閩南童(tong)謠(yao)按其內容可分(fen)為(wei)時政（如(ru)(ru)《拍日本(ben)》）、育兒（如(ru)(ru)《搖(yao)啊(a)搖(yao)》）、游(you)戲(xi)（如(ru)(ru)《拍手歌(ge)》）、動物（如(ru)(ru)《小蜜蜂》）、植(zhi)物（如(ru)(ru)《果(guo)子歌(ge)》）、知識（如(ru)(ru)《一(yi)二三(san)》）、民俗（如(ru)(ru)《圍爐過年》）、趣(qu)味（如(ru)(ru)《阿不倒》）等類(lei)(lei)。按其形(xing)式(shi)(shi)則可分(fen)為(wei)搖(yao)籃(lan)曲（如(ru)(ru)《唔唔嚶》）、敘述(shu)式(shi)(shi)（如(ru)(ru)《和順(shun)歌(ge)》）、問答歌(ge)（如(ru)(ru)《草蜢(meng)公》）、連鎖調（如(ru)(ru)《白鷺鷥》）、謎語（如(ru)(ru)《一(yi)點一(yi)畫長(chang)》）、繞口(kou)令(ling)（如(ru)(ru)《銅釘釘銅板》）等類(lei)(lei)。按表演形(xing)式(shi)(shi)又可分(fen)為(wei)念(nian)謠(yao)（即口(kou)頭朗(lang)讀或吟(yin)誦）、唱謠(yao)（將童(tong)謠(yao)配曲來(lai)唱）、戲(xi)謠(yao)（在(zai)做游(you)戲(xi)時念(nian)童(tong)謠(yao)）、舞謠(yao)（邊念(nian)童(tong)謠(yao)邊舞蹈）等種類(lei)(lei)。

閩(min)(min)南童(tong)謠(yao)是(shi)一(yi)座豐富(fu)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)寶庫，是(shi)幫助兒童(tong)學(xue)習語言、認識(shi)社會、認識(shi)生活的(de)重(zhong)要手段之一(yi)。由于現代(dai)文化(hua)的(de)沖擊(ji)和方言的(de)流(liu)失，閩(min)(min)南童(tong)謠(yao)正漸(jian)漸(jian)遠離(li)少年兒童(tong)，必須(xu)采取各種有力措施，做好閩(min)(min)南童(tong)謠(yao)的(de)搶救和保護工(gong)作。

紹興童謠

紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)于(yu)古越(yue)地中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)及周邊一帶(dai)，兒童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為傳(chuan)(chuan)唱(chang)主體的(de)(de)歌(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)學寶庫的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成部(bu)分(fen)。目前(qian)廣(guang)泛流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)于(yu)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)的(de)(de)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)約(yue)有(you)400首，題材包(bao)羅萬象(xiang)，主要有(you)游戲童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)、教(jiao)誨(hui)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)、敘事體物童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)等(deng)，以(yi)(yi)繞(rao)口令、謎語歌(ge)(ge)、數數歌(ge)(ge)、連鎖歌(ge)(ge)、字頭歌(ge)(ge)、顛倒歌(ge)(ge)、問答歌(ge)(ge)等(deng)多(duo)種形式(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)。紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)市位(wei)于(yu)浙江(jiang)省中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)北(bei)部(bu)，以(yi)(yi)獨特(te)的(de)(de)地理環境、悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)發展歷史(shi)、深厚(hou)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)底蘊、豐富(fu)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)形式(shi)(shi)聞(wen)名海內(nei)外，為童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)滋(zi)生(sheng)和發展提(ti)供了充足的(de)(de)養分(fen)。紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu)。南(nan)朝范(fan)曄《后(hou)漢書·張(zhang)霸傳(chuan)(chuan)》載有(you)《會(hui)稽(ji)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)》：“棄我戟，捐我矛，盜賊盡，吏皆休。”西晉陳(chen)壽《益都耆舊傳(chuan)(chuan)》又(you)載有(you)《會(hui)稽(ji)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)歌(ge)(ge)》，為《會(hui)稽(ji)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)》的(de)(de)同題異文(wen)(wen)歌(ge)(ge)。清(qing)悟(wu)癡生(sheng)（會(hui)稽(ji)人(ren)）編(bian)《廣(guang)天籟集(ji)(ji)》，收(shou)錄浙江(jiang)兒歌(ge)(ge)23首；清(qing)范(fan)寅編(bian)《越(yue)諺(yan)》，收(shou)錄紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)55首。1922年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1923年(nian)(nian)，共有(you)69首紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)別被錄入《繪圖童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)大觀(guan)》、《各省童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)集(ji)(ji)》；1928年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1934年(nian)(nian)，婁子匡出版的(de)(de)《紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)歌(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)》、《越(yue)歌(ge)(ge)百曲》及陶(tao)茂(mao)康創辦的(de)(de)《民(min)間(jian)》叢刊(kan)，記錄了大量(liang)的(de)(de)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)；民(min)國初年(nian)(nian)，周作人(ren)在(zai)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)征集(ji)(ji)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)，后(hou)加入北(bei)大歌(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)會(hui)，發表(biao)(biao)《（紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)兒歌(ge)(ge)述略）序》等(deng)多(duo)篇文(wen)(wen)章，又(you)收(shou)集(ji)(ji)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)223首收(shou)錄在(zai)《童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)手(shou)稿(gao)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。以(yi)(yi)上活動(dong)，奠定了紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)民(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)學界的(de)(de)重(zhong)要地位(wei)。