紅(hong)芪是豆科植物多序巖(yan)黃芪的(de)干(gan)燥根。其(qi)性溫(wen),味甘(gan)。具有(you)固(gu)表(biao)止汗,補(bu)氣升陽,托毒斂瘡(chuang)的(de)功(gong)效。對于食少便溏,氣息(xi)乏力,久(jiu)瀉(xie),脫(tuo)肛,崩漏,便血,癢瘡(chuang),血虛萎黃,痛疽等癥有(you)治療的(de)作用。另外(wai),紅(hong)芪還有(you)利水消腫(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)津養血,行(xing)滯通痹的(de)功(gong)效。而(er)且,紅(hong)芪還有(you)促進(jin)免疫力,延緩衰老,鎮靜,鎮痛,抗炎和(he)抗病原微生(sheng)(sheng)物的(de)功(gong)效。
多年(nian)生草本,高(gao)100-120厘米。根為直根系,粗(cu)狀,深長(chang),粗(cu)約1-2厘米,外皮暗(an)紅(hong)褐色。莖直立(li),叢生,多分枝;枝條堅硬、無毛,稍(shao)曲(qu)折(zhe)。
葉(xie)長(chang)5-9厘米(mi)(mi);托葉(xie)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),棕褐色干膜質(zhi),合生至上部(bu);通(tong)(tong)常(chang)無(wu)明(ming)顯葉(xie)柄;小葉(xie)11-19,具長(chang)約1毫米(mi)(mi)的(de)短柄;小葉(xie)片卵狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵狀(zhuang)長(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)18-24毫米(mi)(mi),寬4-6毫米(mi)(mi),先端圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)鈍(dun)圓,通(tong)(tong)常(chang)具尖頭,基部(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面無(wu)毛,下面被(bei)貼伏柔毛。
總(zong)狀花(hua)序腋生(sheng),高度一般不超(chao)出葉;花(hua)多數,長(chang)(chang)(chang)12-14毫(hao)(hao)米,具(ju)3-4毫(hao)(hao)米長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)絲狀花(hua)梗;苞片鉆狀披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),等于(yu)或(huo)稍(shao)短于(yu)花(hua)梗,被(bei)柔毛(mao),常(chang)早落;花(hua)萼(e)斜寬鐘狀,長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-5毫(hao)(hao)米,被(bei)短柔毛(mao),萼(e)齒三(san)角狀鉆形(xing)(xing),齒間呈(cheng)寬的(de)微(wei)凹,上(shang)萼(e)齒長(chang)(chang)(chang)約1毫(hao)(hao)米,下萼(e)齒長(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)上(shang)萼(e)齒的(de)1倍(bei);花(hua)冠淡黃色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)11-12毫(hao)(hao)米,旗(qi)(qi)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)倒長(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),先端圓形(xing)(xing)、微(wei)凹,翼瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing),等于(yu)或(huo)稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)于(yu)旗(qi)(qi)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban),龍骨(gu)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)長(chang)(chang)(chang)于(yu)旗(qi)(qi)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)2-3毫(hao)(hao)米;子房線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing),被(bei)短柔毛(mao)。莢果2-4節,被(bei)短柔毛(mao),節莢近圓形(xing)(xing)或(huo)寬卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),寬3-5毫(hao)(hao)米,兩(liang)側微(wei)凹,具(ju)明(ming)顯(xian)網紋和狹翅。花(hua)期(qi)7-8月,果期(qi)8-9月。
除去雜質,大(da)小分開,洗凈,潤透,切厚片,干燥。具有補氣升(sheng)陽,固表止汗,利水消(xiao)腫,生津(jin)養血(xue),行(xing)滯通痹,托毒(du)排膿,斂(lian)瘡生肌之功效。用于(yu)氣虛(xu)乏(fa)力,食(shi)少(shao)便溏,中氣下陷,久(jiu)(jiu)瀉(xie)脫肛,便血(xue)崩漏,表虛(xu)自汗,氣虛(xu)水腫,內熱(re)消(xiao)渴,血(xue)虛(xu)萎黃,半身不(bu)(bu)遂,痹痛(tong)麻木,癰疽難潰,久(jiu)(jiu)潰不(bu)(bu)斂(lian)。