2018年9月29日,中華人民共和國農業農村部正式(shi)批準對“黃(huang)田(tian)(tian)荔(li)(li)枝”實(shi)施國家農產品地理標志登記保護。荔(li)(li)枝是(shi)著(zhu)名的嶺南四大(da)佳果(guo)之一,色香(xiang)味(wei)皆美,堪稱“果(guo)王(wang)”。黃(huang)田(tian)(tian)荔(li)(li)枝的范圍主要是(shi)在寶(bao)安區(qu)。“黃(huang)田(tian)(tian)荔(li)(li)枝”深(shen)圳市(shi)寶(bao)安區(qu)種植(zhi)荔(li)(li)枝最初在主產區(qu)黃(huang)田(tian)(tian)開始(shi)了種植(zhi),而且品質好、規(gui)模(mo)大(da),對外影響力大(da),所以外界稱“黃(huang)田(tian)(tian)荔(li)(li)枝”。
黃田(tian)(tian)荔枝產于廣東省深(shen)圳(zhen)市西北(bei)部寶(bao)安區,南接深(shen)圳(zhen)經濟特區,北(bei)連東莞市,東瀕大鵬灣,臨望香港新界、元朗(lang),地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍覆蓋整個寶(bao)安區航(hang)城街道的黃田(tian)(tian)、鐘屋(wu)、后瑞、草圍、九圍、三圍、鶴洲、利錦、黃麻布等9個社(she)區(居(ju)民(min)委員會(hui)),地(di)理位置地(di)理坐標為東經113°49′36″-113°54′50″,北(bei)緯22°33′28″~22°41′40″。現種植面積175公頃,年產量500噸。
地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌情(qing)況:產區(qu)寶(bao)安區(qu)地(di)形(xing)較為(wei)(wei)復雜,主(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低山(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)、臺地(di)和(he)平原,最(zui)(zui)高海(hai)(hai)拔為(wei)(wei)寶(bao)安區(qu)大茅山(shan)(shan)377米(mi)。地(di)勢東(dong)北高西(xi)(xi)南低,東(dong)北部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低山(shan)(shan),中部(bu)及北部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵(ling)臺地(di),西(xi)(xi)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)沖積(ji)平原,并殘(can)存一(yi)些低丘(qiu),而西(xi)(xi)南海(hai)(hai)岸(an)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)泥岸(an),灘涂資(zi)(zi)源豐富(fu)。主(zhu)(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)屬蓮花(hua)山(shan)(shan)系(xi),由羊臺山(shan)(shan)、鳳(feng)凰山(shan)(shan)等構成海(hai)(hai)岸(an)屏障。土壤(rang)條件:產區(qu)土壤(rang)以(yi)微酸性的沙(sha)質(zhi)紅壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),土層深厚疏(shu)松、透氣(qi)(qi)性能好,保水(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥力強,土壤(rang)pH 5.5~6.5。有(you)機質(zhi)和(he)礦物(wu)元(yuan)素豐富(fu),有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)1%,富(fu)含(han)腐殖質(zhi),排水(shui)(shui)(shui)良好的微酸性土。水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:全(quan)區(qu)面積(ji)93平方公里(li),海(hai)(hai)岸(an)線長(chang)8.71公里(li)。轄區(qu)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)力資(zi)(zi)源豐富(fu),以(yi)海(hai)(hai)岸(an)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)為(wei)(wei)分水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺,可分為(wei)(wei)東(dong)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和(he)珠(zhu)江(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)。域區(qu)內(nei)河(he)流(liu)(liu)屬珠(zhu)江(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),有(you)大小河(he)流(liu)(liu)10余條且以(yi)山(shan)(shan)溪性河(he)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),東(dong)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)位于東(dong)部(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)觀(guan)瀾河(he);珠(zhu)江(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)位于西(xi)(xi)部(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)西(xi)(xi)鄉河(he)、九圍河(he)、三(san)支渠。區(qu)內(nei)已建(jian)有(you)中、小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫數十(shi)座(zuo),其中中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫有(you)三(san)座(zuo),分別是(shi)羅田水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫:集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)20km2,總(zong)(zong)庫容2600萬m3;石巖水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫:集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)44km2,總(zong)(zong)庫容3180m3;鐵(tie)崗水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫:控制集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)64km2,總(zong)(zong)庫容8010萬m3。氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:寶(bao)安區(qu)屬亞熱帶海(hai)(hai)洋性氣(qi)(qi)候,日照充(chong)(chong)足,雨量(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛,溫(wen)(wen)差振幅小,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)22.℃,7月份最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)35°C,1月份最(zui)(zui)冷為(wei)(wei)5°C,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降雨量(liang)1450毫(hao)米(mi),且集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中在4-9月份;年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均日照時數2134.2小時,2-3月份日照最(zui)(zui)少,7月份日照最(zui)(zui)多(duo)。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月至翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月低溫(wen)(wen)、少雨,有(you)利于荔枝開花(hua)結果;7-10月溫(wen)(wen)高多(duo)雨,有(you)利于荔枝梢生長(chang)。
外在感官(guan)特征:黃田荔(li)枝品(pin)(pin)種較多(duo),主(zhu)要以桂(gui)(gui)味(wei)和(he)糯(nuo)米(mi)糍為主(zhu)。桂(gui)(gui)味(wei)荔(li)枝:果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟期6月(yue)中(zhong)下旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)鮮紅(hong)色(se)或鮮紅(hong)帶(dai)墨綠色(se)塊(kuai),中(zhong)等(deng)大(da)(da),單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥16.0克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近似(si)圓形(xing)(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)渾(hun)圓,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)(jian)平(ping),龜裂片(pian)凸起(qi),裂紋明(ming)(ming)顯,裂片(pian)峰銳尖,稍刺手(shou),縫合(he)線明(ming)(ming)顯。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳白色(se),質厚實(shi),爽(shuang)脆清甜(tian)(tian),有桂(gui)(gui)花(hua)香(xiang)味(wei),核小(xiao),多(duo)退化。糯(nuo)米(mi)糍荔(li)枝:果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟期6月(yue)中(zhong)下旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮鮮紅(hong)色(se),較大(da)(da),單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥20.0克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)扁心形(xing)(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)渾(hun)圓,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)(jian)一邊隆(long)起(qi),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗粗,斜(xie)生與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)(jian)成約45度斜(xie)角,龜裂片(pian)大(da)(da),微隆(long),裂片(pian)峰平(ping)滑,縫合(he)線明(ming)(ming)顯,表面比較平(ping)滑。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉半透明(ming)(ming)肉軟滑細(xi)嫩,多(duo)汁,味(wei)濃甜(tian)(tian),微香(xiang)。內在品(pin)(pin)質指標:黃田荔(li)枝營養價值豐(feng)富。桂(gui)(gui)味(wei)可(ke)食率≥73%,可(ke)溶性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)≥19%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含維(wei)生素C≥18mg,可(ke)滴(di)定酸度≤1.4g/kg;糯(nuo)米(mi)糍可(ke)食率≥81%,可(ke)溶性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)≥17%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含維(wei)生素C≥17mg,可(ke)滴(di)定酸度≤1.45g/kg。安全要求:產地(di)環境(jing)、投入品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)和(he)產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)均符合(he)國家相關標準(zhun)要求。