一.產品介紹
焦溪二(er)花臉豬(zhu)原(yuan)產(chan)于武(wu)進焦溪舜山一(yi)帶,已有400多年歷(li)史,豬(zhu)肉細嫩多汁、香濃(nong)味(wei)美且膠原(yuan)蛋白豐富(fu),是(shi)產(chan)地農(nong)民的(de)一(yi)項(xiang)傳統(tong)副業,也是(shi)農(nong)民增收致(zhi)富(fu)、帶動(dong)地方經濟繁榮(rong)發展的(de)一(yi)個特色種(zhong)源(yuan)產(chan)業。二(er)花臉豬(zhu)是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)寶貴的(de)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan),20世(shi)紀被列為“國(guo)(guo)寶”,2000年被農(nong)業部列入中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)地方豬(zhu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保護名錄,仍然是(shi)當今培育(yu)二(er)元(yuan)母(mu)豬(zhu)最佳(jia)第一(yi)母(mu)本。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:本(ben)區(qu)域屬鄭橫(heng)圩田地(di)區(qu),其間錯落分(fen)布著由石(shi)灰巖風化(hua)形成的(de)(de)舜山、鳳凰山、橫(heng)山等(deng)低(di)山丘陵,地(di)勢低(di)平(ping),河(he)網密布,低(di)山丘陵僅占(zhan)4%。平(ping)田的(de)(de)地(di)面高(gao)(gao)(gao)程在3m以(yi)下,成土(tu)母質既有(you)(you)河(he)湖相沉積物(wu)也有(you)(you)長江沖積物(wu),主要土(tu)壤(rang)類型有(you)(you)黃泥土(tu)、烏柵(zha)土(tu)和沙土(tu),根據(ju)第(di)二(er)次土(tu)壤(rang)普(pu)查,耕(geng)作(zuo)層平(ping)均PH值7.43、有(you)(you)機(ji)質21.8g/kg、全氮(dan)(N)1.43 g/kg 、全磷(lin)(五(wu)氧化(hua)二(er)磷(lin))1.26g/kg、速效磷(lin)(五(wu)氧化(hua)二(er)磷(lin))27.6 mg/kg、速效鉀(氧化(hua)鉀)104.0mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)養分(fen)豐富,磷(lin)素含量特(te)高(gao)(gao)(gao),水作(zuo)旱(han)作(zuo)都(dou)適宜,為全區(qu)所獨有(you)(you)。另據(ju)抽樣調(diao)查,耕(geng)作(zuo)層平(ping)均有(you)(you)效鋅(xin)(Zn)6.2 mg/kg、易還原態(tai)錳(Mn)191 mg/kg、有(you)(you)效硼(B)0.32 mg/kg、有(you)(you)效硅(SiO2)345 mg/kg,鋅(xin)、硅有(you)(you)效量豐富,錳、硼有(you)(you)效量中(zhong)等(deng),但相對全區(qu)而言(yan)微(wei)量元素含量都(dou)是高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:本區域屬長(chang)江下(xia)游太湖流域水(shui)(shui)(shui)網區,區內有水(shui)(shui)(shui)域面積近3萬畝,占總土地面積的15%。河(he)流縱橫(heng)密布,形成以舜河(he)、三山(shan)港為徑,北塘河(he)為緯,北通長(chang)江,南聯(lian)運河(he)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。長(chang)江為來水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),運河(he)為排水(shui)(shui)(shui)通道。
3、氣候情況:本(ben)區(qu)域(yu)位于(yu)北亞熱(re)帶北緣(yuan),屬海洋(yang)性氣候,四季(ji)分明(ming)、雨(yu)量充沛(pei)、無霜(shuang)期(qi)長。全年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度15.5℃,其中,1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)2.4℃,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)28.2℃。年(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)2005.8小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)日(ri)照百(bai)分率(lv)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)47%,以7、8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)最高(gao),分別為(wei)54%和62%,3~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)多(duo)(duo)連續(xu)陰(yin)雨(yu),日(ri)照百(bai)分率(lv)僅40%左(zuo)右。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量1066毫米(mi),其中,1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)37.1毫米(mi),7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)163.6毫米(mi);每年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬至5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬是(shi)“桃(tao)花(hua)水”主要時(shi)段(duan),6~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)梅(mei)雨(yu)期(qi),梅(mei)雨(yu)期(qi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)21天左(zuo)右,降(jiang)(jiang)水量223.6毫米(mi)。初霜(shuang)日(ri)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri),最早為(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)19日(ri);終霜(shuang)日(ri)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)28日(ri),最晚(wan)為(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)16日(ri);平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)霜(shuang)期(qi)138天,最多(duo)(duo)166天,最少83天。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)水面蒸(zheng)發量為(wei)1573.7毫米(mi)。冬季(ji)受(shou)大陸冷高(gao)壓(ya)影響(xiang)多(duo)(duo)西北風(feng),并有寒潮侵襲;春(chun)季(ji)處于(yu)冷暖(nuan)(nuan)空(kong)氣交鋒(feng)頻繁(fan)和春(chun)夏季(ji)風(feng)交替季(ji)節,氣溫(wen)(wen)冷暖(nuan)(nuan)多(duo)(duo)變。夏季(ji)受(shou)副(fu)熱(re)帶高(gao)壓(ya)影響(xiang),天氣炎熱(re)多(duo)(duo)雨(yu),常有東南季(ji)風(feng),夏初常有梅(mei)雨(yu),夏末易受(shou)臺(tai)風(feng)影響(xiang),秋(qiu)季(ji)副(fu)熱(re)帶高(gao)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)減弱,偏(pian)西風(feng)開(kai)始增強(qiang)。自然(ran)災害(hai)主要有干(gan)旱、澇(lao)漬、連陰(yin)雨(yu)、低溫(wen)(wen)冷害(hai)、冰雹(bao)、臺(tai)風(feng)、龍卷風(feng)等。
4、人文(wen)歷(li)(li)史情(qing)況:武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)古(gu)稱延陵(ling)(ling)邑,在(zai)(zai)春(chun)秋戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)吳(wu)季札封地(di)(di)(di),秦置延陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian),漢(han)(han)改(gai)毗(pi)陵(ling)(ling)、毗(pi)壇,晉(jin)稱晉(jin)陵(ling)(ling),并分(fen)丹徒(tu)、曲阿以東地(di)(di)(di)另置武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)縣(xian)(xian)。此后(hou)(hou)晉(jin)陵(ling)(ling)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)合(he)而(er)(er)分(fen)、分(fen)而(er)(er)合(he),數(shu)易縣(xian)(xian)名。清雍正四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1726年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))分(fen)置武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)、陽(yang)湖兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian),至(zhi)辛亥(hai)革命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)合(he)為(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)29年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))至(zhi)34年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)抗(kang)日(ri)戰爭縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)淪陷期(qi)間(jian),鄉區(qu)分(fen)別(bie)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨領(ling)導(dao)建立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)(nan)、澄西、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(北(bei))和金(jin)丹武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四縣(xian)(xian)抗(kang)日(ri)民(min)主(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)管轄(xia);1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)23日(ri)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)解放,縣(xian)(xian)城析出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)建立(li)常州(zhou)市(shi)。此后(hou)(hou)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)先后(hou)(hou)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)、蘇(su)州(zhou)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)江專區(qu)(地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)改(gai)屬常州(zhou)市(shi)。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)撤縣(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)市(shi)。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)撤市(shi)設(she)(she)區(qu)。 早在(zai)(zai)5000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)境(jing)內(nei)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人類(lei)定居,勞動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)息。據戚墅(shu)堰圩墩、青(qing)龍(long)鄉潘(pan)家(jia)(jia)塘(tang)、鄭陸鄉寺墩、橫林(lin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)青(qing)墩、湖塘(tang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)金(jin)雞(ji)墩等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)發(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)下文(wen)物(wu)證明(ming)(ming),其時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)形成(cheng)一些(xie)新(xin)石器時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始社會村(cun)(cun)(cun)落,使用(yong)石器從(cong)事農(nong)(nong)耕(geng)漁(yu)獵,并掌(zhang)握了制陶(tao)(tao)(tao)和玉(yu)石雕刻工(gong)藝。湖塘(tang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)境(jing)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)淹城遺(yi)址,建于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)東周(zhou),距今(jin)2500年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右,有(you)(you)(you)(you)城河、城墻(qiang)各三道(dao),是我國(guo)現(xian)存(cun)最古(gu)老、保存(cun)最完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壘土(tu)(tu)所(suo)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)面城池。雪(xue)堰鄉與(yu)無錫縣(xian)(xian)胡埭鄉交(jiao)界(jie)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闔(he)閭城遺(yi)址,相傳(chuan)系春(chun)秋戰國(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)吳(wu)王(wang)(wang)闔(he)閭伐楚還師時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)建。 武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業歷(li)(li)史也(ye)十分(fen)悠久。戚墅(shu)堰圩墩遺(yi)址出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下頦骨,經考(kao)證已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)6000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史;到春(chun)秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai),吳(wu)國(guo)已(yi)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)蘇(su)南(nan)(nan)發(fa)展(zhan)畜牧(mu)業,《吳(wu)地(di)(di)(di)書(shu)》記(ji)載(zai):“匠門(men)外沙里(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),城東五里(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墳,是吳(wu)王(wang)(wang)畜豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo);……”;從(cong)常州(zhou)市(shi)南(nan)(nan)門(men)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西漢(han)(han)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舍和西郊出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西漢(han)(han)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),說明(ming)(ming)了當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)達程度;據明(ming)(ming)末的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沈氏農(nong)(nong)書(shu)記(ji)載(zai),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一胎(tai)可育(yu)成(cheng)小豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)14頭(tou),可見當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)經選(xuan)育(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)優良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。而(er)(er)焦(jiao)溪則(ze)歷(li)(li)來(lai)是有(you)(you)(you)(you)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)集(ji)散地(di)(di)(di),元代(dai)朱(zhu)澤民(min)在(zai)(zai)《游(you)三山(shan)記(ji)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)用(yong)“……河復自灣過(guo)佗村(cun)(cun)(cun)而(er)(er)北(bei),皆美田沃壤,斥堠相望,迤儷青(qing)山(shan)迎棹,樵歌牧(mu)唱,相與(yu)應答。舟(zhou)人廻牽,沿(yan)山(shan)前(qian)小河而(er)(er)行,村(cun)(cun)(cun)墟(xu)相接,岸柳交(jiao)映,兩(liang)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),浦溆縈帶,北(bei)通江口(kou),地(di)(di)(di)名石堰。既而(er)(er)舟(zhou)轉,兩(liang)岸板橋為(wei)(wei)梁,即三山(shan)塢。其間(jian)民(min)居輳(cou)集(ji),屋(wu)瓦參差(cha),稻(dao)秸(jie)堆委(wei),連衢比(bi)(bi)巷,如墉如櫛,風俗熙熙,翁呼兒蕘,婦飯姑(gu)汲;牛羊在(zai)(zai)山(shan),犬豕(shi)在(zai)(zai)圈;鳥(niao)噪于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)林(lin),雞(ji)登于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)屋(wu);藹然太(tai)平(ping)(ping)豐稔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象,若(ruo)古(gu)朱(zhu)陳村(cun)(cun)(cun)焉。……”(摘自《武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)陽(yang)合(he)志(zhi)·輿地(di)(di)(di)志(zhi)》)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)描(miao)述(shu),記(ji)錄(lu)了當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)焦(jiao)溪街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(石堰現(xian)為(wei)(wei)焦(jiao)溪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個村(cun)(cun)(cun))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁華熱鬧景象。 從(cong)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)萬歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)起,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)東北(bei)部沿(yan)舜山(shan)腳下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理環(huan)境(jing)、氣(qi)候條件下,通過(guo)長期(qi)選(xuan)育(yu),培(pei)育(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了焦(jiao)溪二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。乾隆30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編修(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)陽(yang)湖合(he)志(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《輿地(di)(di)(di)志(zhi)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)“燕飲昔崇儉(jian)素,近亦(yi)漸流(liu)豐腴,甚或華燈(deng)廣坐,選(xuan)部征(zheng)歌。雖(sui)著繁昌,殊乖撙節,魚麗(li)萬物(wu),盛多(duo)(duo)羔羊,節儉(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應也(ye)非(fei),士大(da)夫責(ze)歟。”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)。可見當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隨(sui)著人口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)日(ri)益提高(gao),由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)擴大(da)了糧(liang)食作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji),加(jia)上(shang)(shang)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)復種(zhong)(zhong)指數(shu)提高(gao),耕(geng)作精細,有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia),養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業隨(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得到進(jin)—步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)加(jia)工(gong)副產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)多(duo)(duo),加(jia)上(shang)(shang)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)食和油料(liao)(liao)等(deng)(deng)加(jia)工(gong)副產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)亦(yi)較多(duo)(duo),精飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)充足(zu),青(qing)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)亦(yi)比(bi)(bi)過(guo)去增(zeng)加(jia),均有(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)縮短(duan)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)期(qi);亦(yi)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)以大(da)麥(mai)、米糠、麥(mai)麩等(deng)(deng)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),青(qing)料(liao)(liao)以南(nan)(nan)瓜、蘿卜,青(qing)草(cao)和水(shui)(shui)浮蓮、水(shui)(shui)葫蘆,水(shui)(shui)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)(deng)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),在(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這些(xie)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)磷多(duo)(duo)鈣少,有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)器官的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)育(yu);而(er)(er)且當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采用(yong)了墊土(tu)(tu)墊草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)圈積(ji)肥方(fang)(fang)式,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)只終年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)光線較暗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舍內(nei),很少運動。這樣經過(guo)長期(qi)選(xuan)育(yu),逐漸形成(cheng)了二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)、耳大(da)而(er)(er)軟(ruan)、額多(duo)(duo)皺紋、背腰較軟(ruan)而(er)(er)腹垂,臥系、性(xing)(xing)情(qing)溫(wen)馴、耐粗(cu)飼(si)(si)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長快(kuai)速、繁殖(zhi)力高(gao),肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)鮮(xian)美等(deng)(deng)特征(zheng)和特性(xing)(xing)。這一由原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)群眾長期(qi)培(pei)育(yu)而(er)(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)我國(guo)獨有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴(gui)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong),以其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)仔率(lv)高(gao)、母(mu)(mu)性(xing)(xing)好、耐粗(cu)飼(si)(si)、肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)鮮(xian)美等(deng)(deng)優良(liang)特點聞名于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)全國(guo)乃至(zhi)全世界(jie),被國(guo)際畜牧(mu)界(jie)譽為(wei)(wei)“世界(jie)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)仔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)”, 二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)仔和肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)鮮(xian)美等(deng)(deng)優良(liang)性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)正是改(gai)良(liang)世界(jie)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)和建立(li)我國(guo)配(pei)套系養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan),其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)價值不亞(ya)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)寶(bao)大(da)熊貓。 解放以來(lai),黨和政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)十分(fen)重(zhong)視焦(jiao)溪二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保種(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)選(xuan)育(yu),80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)被列為(wei)(wei)“國(guo)寶(bao)”,2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)業部又將其列入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)遺(yi)傳(chuan)資源(yuan)保護名錄(lu)。自20世紀60年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)起,江蘇(su)、浙江、上(shang)(shang)海環(huan)太(tai)湖流(liu)域一帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)先后(hou)(hou)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)法國(guo)、匈牙(ya)利(li)、羅馬尼(ni)亞(ya)、朝鮮(xian)、日(ri)本、英國(guo)、美國(guo)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)家(jia)(jia),但二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)未出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)過(guo)。其原(yuan)因有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er):一是由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)特別(bie)優良(liang),屬國(guo)家(jia)(jia)機(ji)密,是“國(guo)寶(bao)”,不允許出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou);二(er)是二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理環(huan)境(jing)、養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)條件和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)式下才能(neng)保持,2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)某單位曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)京試養(yang)(yang)過(guo)二(er)花(hua)(hua)臉(lian)種(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),但不到幾個月(yue)就(jiu)變得面目全非(fei)、性(xing)(xing)能(neng)變劣。
三.地域范圍
焦溪(xi)二(er)花臉豬(zhu)(zhu)原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)地位于江(jiang)蘇省常(chang)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)武進區的鄭陸鎮(zhen)(zhen)和橫山(shan)(shan)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen),區域范圍北緯31°46′~32°04′,東(dong)經119°46′~120°12′。平原(yuan)(yuan)海(hai)拔高度3m以下(青島零(ling)點(dian)、下同),低山(shan)(shan)丘陵最高峰115 m。東(dong)臨(lin)無錫市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惠山(shan)(shan)區玉(yu)祁(qi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、江(jiang)陰(yin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)桐岐鎮(zhen)(zhen),南接常(chang)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)武進區遙觀鎮(zhen)(zhen)、橫林鎮(zhen)(zhen),西毗(pi)常(chang)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天寧(ning)區青龍街道、戚墅(shu)堰區潞城鎮(zhen)(zhen),北靠江(jiang)陰(yin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西石橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、申港鎮(zhen)(zhen)。目前有(you)純種(zhong)公豬(zhu)(zhu)12頭(tou)、6個血統(tong),核心(xin)群原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)653頭(tou)、生產(chan)群母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)2118頭(tou)。2008年銷(xiao)售(shou)二(er)花臉種(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)8100多頭(tou),二(er)花臉二(er)元種(zhong)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)3200多頭(tou),二(er)花臉商品豬(zhu)(zhu)7800多頭(tou)、500多噸,銷(xiao)售(shou)額1560萬(wan)元。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官特(te)征(zheng)。焦溪二花臉豬(zhu)品種歷史(shi)悠久,地域特(te)色(se)明顯;頭(tou)大額(e)寬,耳大下(xia)垂過下(xia)頜;嘴筒稍長且微凹,上有(you)(you)2~3道橫紋,額(e)部(bu)有(you)(you)明顯皺褶;四肢稍高,中軀稍長,背腰微凹,腹大下(xia)垂;后軀寬而稍傾斜,被毛全黑稀疏;具有(you)(you)產子率高、母性好(hao)、耐(nai)粗飼等特(te)點;豬(zhu)肉色(se)澤鮮紅、有(you)(you)光澤,肌肉細(xi)嫩,肌間脂肪豐富,呈大理石狀(zhuang);熟制后香味濃(nong)郁,細(xi)嫩多(duo)膠質,肥(fei)而不(bu)膩,回味無窮。
2、安全(quan)要求。產品執行NY5029-2001《無公(gong)害食品 豬肉》的規定(ding)。