一.產品介紹
余(yu)(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)產(chan)(chan)自(zi)最佳(jia)(jia)綠茶(cha)(cha)產(chan)(chan)區-四明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱“第二廬山(shan)”,地(di)(di)處浙(zhe)(zhe)東沿海,海拔在(zai)(zai)500米左右,境內滿山(shan)遍坡(po)的(de)茶(cha)(cha)樹,猶如(ru)翠(cui)龍蜿(wan)蜒,與(yu)青(qing)山(shan)秀(xiu)水(shui)為伴,以(yi)(yi)(yi)清風(feng)云(yun)霧為侶,采(cai)日月之(zhi)靈氣,得天(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)精華(hua),使出(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)品質上(shang)乘。同時(shi)(shi)四明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)也(ye)是(shi)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)圣(sheng)地(di)(di),被列為第九洞天(tian),名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰“丹山(shan)赤水(shui)洞天(tian)”。那里山(shan)青(qing)、水(shui)秀(xiu)、谷幽、瀑奇(qi),被譽(yu)為“天(tian)然氧吧”、人(ren)(ren)(ren)間“綠肺”。一(yi)年四季(ji)氣候優良,“冬如(ru)長白山(shan)”、“夏如(ru)莫(mo)干山(shan)”。四明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)的(de)幽美(mei)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境,頻(pin)頻(pin)茶(cha)(cha)事,與(yu)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)淵源之(zhi)深(shen),更吸引了眾多名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)學子、道(dao)(dao)士(shi)高僧。他們到四明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)隱居(ju)修煉與(yu)茶(cha)(cha)為伴,修身養性以(yi)(yi)(yi)致學道(dao)(dao)成(cheng)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。至今有(you)(you)漢仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)丹丘子培育(yu)“大茗(ming)”,劉(綱)樊(云(yun)翹(qiao))夫婦修道(dao)(dao)品茶(cha)(cha)成(cheng)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等傳說。歷代(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)還有(you)(you)梅福、魏伯陽、孫綽兄弟,謝安、謝靈運、施肩(jian)吾、謝遺(yi)塵及(ji)唐代(dai)許多著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren),他們都(dou)在(zai)(zai)山(shan)中留下(xia)(xia)足跡和詩詞。 余(yu)(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming),在(zai)(zai)唐宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian),就久負盛名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),據古(gu)籍記(ji)(ji)載(zai):漢代(dai)有(you)(you)一(yi)位叫虞洪(hong)的(de)余(yu)(yu)(yu)姚(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)入四明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)采(cai)茗(ming)(茶(cha)(cha)),途遇仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),贈(zeng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)瀑布(bu)(bu)嶺上(shang)的(de)大茗(ming),這就是(shi)現在(zai)(zai)的(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)前(qian)身。同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)唐茶(cha)(cha)圣(sheng)陸羽《茶(cha)(cha)經》中記(ji)(ji)載(zai):浙(zhe)(zhe)東茶(cha)(cha)葉以(yi)(yi)(yi)越州為上(shang),余(yu)(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)尤佳(jia)(jia)。 在(zai)(zai)改革(ge)開(kai)放春(chun)風(feng)吹拂(fu)下(xia)(xia),余(yu)(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)這一(yi)歷史知名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀70年代(dai)末恢復創制,在(zai)(zai)多名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)屆人(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)的(de)努力下(xia)(xia),通(tong)過數(shu)年探索,在(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀90年代(dai),解(jie)決了全程機(ji)械制作難(nan)題(ti),同時(shi)(shi)70年代(dai)末從考察(cha)中得到啟發,把名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)優茶(cha)(cha)定為針狀形,使做出(chu)(chu)來的(de)茶(cha)(cha)葉外形細(xi)緊(jin)挺直(zhi),稍(shao)扁(bian)似松針,香高味醇,耐(nai)沖(chong)泡(pao)耐(nai)儲存,品質獨特。 優良的(de)品質以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)豐富的(de)內涵使余(yu)(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)聲名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)鵲起,在(zai)(zai)全國許多地(di)(di)方以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)南亞、日本、新加坡(po)等地(di)(di)暢銷,同時(shi)(shi)也(ye)先后獲(huo)(huo)得寧(ning)波市名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品、寧(ning)波市八大名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)、浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品和浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、中國馳名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省優質名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)、中華(hua)文(wen)化名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)和中國鼎尖名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)等稱號,并多次獲(huo)(huo)得浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省綠茶(cha)(cha)博覽會金獎、中綠杯(bei)和省農博會金獎等多項(xiang)榮譽(yu),是(shi)全省重要名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)區域品牌(pai)和寧(ning)波茶(cha)(cha)業產(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)規(gui)模最大的(de)區域性品牌(pai)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因(yin)素(su)
(1)土壤地(di)貌情況:余(yu)姚屬浙東(dong)盆地(di)與(yu)浙北(bei)平(ping)原交叉地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),地(di)勢南高北(bei)低,中間微(wei)陷。南部(bu)為四明山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)——浙東(dong)革命老區(qu)(qu)(qu),山(shan)巒起伏,散布大小不等(deng)的臺地(di)和谷地(di),中部(bu)為姚江(jiang)沖積河谷平(ping)原,北(bei)部(bu)為錢塘江(jiang)、杭州(zhou)灣沖積平(ping)原。土壤以(yi)紅(hong)壤、黃壤為主, PH值5.7左右,土層較為深厚,土壤肥沃,有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量豐(feng)富,達2.5%~4.5%。余(yu)姚環境優越,交通便利,茶樹生長(chang)條(tiao)件(jian)適(shi)宜,茶樹種植區(qu)(qu)(qu)無(wu)環境污染,是生產無(wu)公害、綠色食品與(yu)有(you)機(ji)茶的理(li)想(xiang)境地(di)。?
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:余姚(yao)市分屬四(si)(si)個水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi):姚(yao)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)、奉化(hua)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)、曹娥江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和錢塘江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)。其中姚(yao)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)面(mian)(mian)積最大(da),為(wei)(wei)918.48k㎡,占全(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積近68.2%。多年(nian)平均年(nian)地(di)表徑流量為(wei)(wei)11億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi);地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源為(wei)(wei)1124萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(未(wei)計灌溉(gai)回歸水(shui)(shui)(shui)補給量),但(dan)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)可開采量較少。全(quan)市有河(he)道1700多公里(li),河(he)面(mian)(mian)約4.9萬畝,正常高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位時蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)量8000萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)左右,現狀(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)率(lv)約為(wei)(wei)5.2%。人均水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源占有量偏少,只有1330立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。最大(da)的(de)河(he)流為(wei)(wei)姚(yao)江(jiang),余姚(yao)市境內(nei)長度55公里(li),平原(yuan)地(di)帶河(he)網(wang)密布。最大(da)的(de)湖泊為(wei)(wei)牟山湖,蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)量400萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。最大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)為(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)明湖,總(zong)庫(ku)容為(wei)(wei)12354萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi);興利庫(ku)容7439萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。產區水(shui)(shui)(shui)能、水(shui)(shui)(shui)力資源十分豐富。?
(3)氣候情況:余姚屬(shu)于(yu)北亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣候,冬夏季風(feng)交替特別明(ming)顯(xian),溫(wen)暖(nuan)濕潤,四(si)季分明(ming),陽光充足,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,垂(chui)直差異和(he)(he)層狀分布明(ming)顯(xian)。其中,平(ping)均降雨(yu)量(liang)在1263—1987毫(hao)米(mi),6月份和(he)(he)九月份是(shi)兩個(ge)主要(yao)雨(yu)季;年(nian)日照時數1502—2081小時,全年(nian)無霜期198-228天,平(ping)均氣溫(wen)為11.6—16.4℃,≥10℃積溫(wen)3493-5166℃,年(nian)輻射(she)總量(liang)106-112千卡/平(ping)方(fang)厘米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),主導風(feng)向為東南風(feng)和(he)(he)西北風(feng)。
三.地域范圍
余(yu)姚市位于浙(zhe)東寧波平(ping)原(yuan),東與(yu)寧波市江北(bei)區(qu)(qu)、鄞州區(qu)(qu)相鄰,南枕四(si)明山(shan)(shan),與(yu)奉(feng)化、嵊州市接壤(rang),西連上虞市,北(bei)毗慈溪市,西北(bei)于錢塘(tang)江、杭州灣(wan)中心線(xian)與(yu)海鹽縣交界(jie),全市總面積(ji)1526.86平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,有(you)21個鄉(xiang)鎮街(jie)(jie)道,268個行政(zheng)村。 余(yu)姚瀑布仙茗產(chan)自于四(si)明山(shan)(shan)、大嵐、梁弄、鹿亭、陸埠、大隱、河姆渡、三七市、丈亭、馬(ma)渚(zhu)、牟山(shan)(shan)、臨山(shan)(shan)、蘭江街(jie)(jie)道、梨洲街(jie)(jie)道、低塘(tang)街(jie)(jie)道、陽明街(jie)(jie)道、鳳山(shan)(shan)街(jie)(jie)道等十七個鄉(xiang)鎮(街(jie)(jie)道)。地理坐標為東經(jing)120°52′00″~121°54′00″,北(bei)緯29°40′00″~30°23′00″,全市茶(cha)園面積(ji)6.1萬畝,產(chan)量(liang)為655噸,產(chan)值1.2億元。
四.產品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
(1)外在感官(guan)特(te)征:余(yu)姚瀑布仙茗以品(pin)種、加工工藝為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu),推(tui)出“三色(se)(se)四字”系(xi)(xi)列(lie)產(chan)品(pin),其中黃(huang)之綠(lv)茶對應(ying)“金(jin)韻(yun)”系(xi)(xi)列(lie),設(she)2個級(ji)(ji)別分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)24k、18k,金(jin)韻(yun)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)產(chan)品(pin)外形卷(juan)曲如螺、勻凈(jing)、金(jin)色(se)(se)悅目,香(xiang)高(gao)郁持久(jiu),滋味醇(chun)鮮(xian)回甘(gan),湯(tang)色(se)(se)黃(huang)亮,葉(xie)底(di)玉(yu)黃(huang)、細嫩成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)朵明(ming)亮;白(bai)之綠(lv)茶對應(ying)“雪(xue)韻(yun)”系(xi)(xi)列(lie),設(she)3個主級(ji)(ji)別(雪(xue)韻(yun)700、雪(xue)韻(yun)500、雪(xue)韻(yun)300)和1個副級(ji)(ji)別(普級(ji)(ji)),主級(ji)(ji)別的(de)鮮(xian)葉(xie)嫩度基(ji)本(ben)一致,根據白(bai)化茶白(bai)化程度不(bu)(bu)同(tong),內(nei)質不(bu)(bu)一的(de)特(te)性加以區(qu)別,雪(xue)韻(yun)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)產(chan)品(pin)外形卷(juan)曲如鉤(gou)、勻凈(jing)、綠(lv)翠鑲金(jin),香(xiang)高(gao)鮮(xian)持久(jiu),湯(tang)色(se)(se)翠綠(lv)明(ming)亮,滋味鮮(xian)醇(chun),葉(xie)底(di)顯白(bai)、嫩勻明(ming)亮;綠(lv)之綠(lv)茶對應(ying)“針形”、“龍(long)珠”等2個系(xi)(xi)列(lie),“針形”系(xi)(xi)列(lie)設(she)5個級(ji)(ji)別,產(chan)品(pin)外形條緊略(lve)扁、勻凈(jing)、色(se)(se)澤(ze)綠(lv)翠,香(xiang)氣嫩香(xiang)持久(jiu),滋味鮮(xian)醇(chun)爽(shuang)口,湯(tang)色(se)(se)嫩綠(lv)清澈明(ming)亮,葉(xie)底(di)芽葉(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)朵、勻齊;龍(long)珠系(xi)(xi)列(lie)設(she)2個級(ji)(ji)別,即一級(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji),產(chan)品(pin)外形蟠曲、緊結、勻凈(jing),色(se)(se)澤(ze)砂(sha)綠(lv)油(you)潤,香(xiang)高(gao)持久(jiu),滋味鮮(xian)醇(chun)爽(shuang)口,湯(tang)色(se)(se)綠(lv)亮,葉(xie)底(di)芽葉(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)朵、勻整明(ming)亮。余(yu)姚瀑布仙茗豐(feng)富的(de)產(chan)品(pin)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),囊括高(gao)端(duan)品(pin)位特(te)色(se)(se)珍稀產(chan)品(pin)和適合(he)大眾消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)的(de)低(di)值(zhi)產(chan)品(pin),構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)、中、低(di)三個層(ceng)次的(de)產(chan)品(pin)結構(gou),從而達(da)到滿足不(bu)(bu)同(tong)層(ceng)次消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者的(de)需要。?
(2)內在品質(zhi)指標:水分含量≤6.5%,總(zong)灰分≤6.0%,碎末含量≤5.5%,粗纖維(wei)含量≤14.0%,水浸出物含量≥36.0%?
(3)質量安全要求:衛生指標執行(xing)GB 2762和GB 2763《新茶葉(xie)衛生標準》。
五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇和特定(ding)內容規(gui)(gui)定(ding):余姚瀑布仙(xian)茗(ming)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)主要(yao)分布在四明(ming)山、大(da)嵐、梁弄、鹿(lu)亭、陸埠、大(da)隱、河姆渡(du)、三七(qi)市(shi)、丈(zhang)亭、馬渚、牟山、臨山、蘭江街道(dao)、梨洲街道(dao)、低塘街道(dao)、陽明(ming)街道(dao)、鳳(feng)山街道(dao)等十七(qi)個鄉(xiang)鎮(街道(dao))。 茶園(yuan)應選擇在氣候條(tiao)件(jian)良好,生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)優(you)越的(de)地(di)(di)(di)段,坡度25°以下(xia),土層深80cm以上,土壤pH4.5~6.5,有(you)機質(zhi)含量大(da)于1.5%,地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位100cm以下(xia),遠離生(sheng)活區和工業區,無環(huan)境(jing)污染。 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)必須符合NY 5020 無公害食品 茶葉產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。
?(2)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)擇與(yu)特定要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):余(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙茗(ming)適用品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種以茸毛(mao)偏少的無性系良(liang)種為主。根據品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),選(xuan)用品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種分(fen)為常規(gui)良(liang)種、白色(se)(se)系白化茶(cha)良(liang)種和黃(huang)色(se)(se)系白化茶(cha)良(liang)種。常規(gui)良(liang)種主要(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種有:烏(wu)牛早(zao)、中茶(cha)108、龍井長(chang)葉、迎霜等;白色(se)(se)系白化茶(cha)良(liang)種主要(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種有:安吉白茶(cha)、四明雪芽等;黃(huang)色(se)(se)系白化茶(cha)良(liang)種主要(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種有:黃(huang)金芽等。余(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙茗(ming)茶(cha)園的品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種應符合DB3302/T 075.1《余(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙茗(ming) 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種與(yu)苗木》相關(guan)規(gui)定。?
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li):余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)必須(xu)執行(xing)DB3302/T075.3《余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming) 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件與(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)規定(ding)。為保(bao)證余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特色和(he)(he)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan),重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)抓好以(yi)下(xia)關鍵環(huan)(huan)(huan)節:①基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)規模化建(jian)設(she)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。在(zai)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中充分利用(yong)(yong)四明山自然、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)優(you)勢,注重(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)山區(qu)塊與(yu)(yu)低山區(qu)塊并重(zhong)(zhong),集中區(qu)域(yu)與(yu)(yu)分散區(qu)域(yu)并進(jin),根(gen)據當地(di)(di)(di)(di)實(shi)(shi)際,以(yi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)為前(qian)(qian)提,合(he)理(li)(li)選擇基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。在(zai)發展(zhan)新茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)時(shi)注重(zhong)(zhong)早、中、晚品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)科學(xue)(xue)配(pei)置,在(zai)常規良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)(shang),大力推(tui)進(jin)黃色系(xi)、白色系(xi)等(deng)(deng)珍稀白化茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)。 ②茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)包(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗種(zhong)(zhong)植、修剪、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕作(zuo)、水(shui)(shui)分管(guan)理(li)(li)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、光照(zhao)管(guan)理(li)(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、凍害(hai)(hai)(hai)預(yu)(yu)(yu)防(fang)、采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)等(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),其中茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)影(ying)響(xiang)最大,余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)一(yi)般(ban)重(zhong)(zhong)施(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei), 早施(shi)催芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei),補施(shi)接力肥(fei)(fei)(fei),配(pei)施(shi)葉(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei);禁(jin)止含有毒、有害(hai)(hai)(hai)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)垃圾和(he)(he)人(ren)糞尿作(zuo)為有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei),提倡綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、秸桿、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)枝等(deng)(deng)覆蓋茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang);農家有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料施(shi)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)(qian)須(xu)經無(wu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)化處理(li)(li),微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料應(ying)(ying)符合(he)NY /T 227要(yao)(yao)求。此(ci)外(wai)科學(xue)(xue)根(gen)外(wai)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),注意鈣、鎂、硫(liu)(liu)、鐵、錳、鋅、銅等(deng)(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素(su)的(de)(de)營養(yang)平衡。每兩年一(yi)次檢測土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力水(shui)(shui)平和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)金屬元素(su)含量(liang)(liang)(liang),根(gen)據檢測結(jie)果,針對性地(di)(di)(di)(di)采(cai)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)改(gai)良(liang)措施(shi)。 余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)優(you)越,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統完(wan)善,天敵資源豐富,一(yi)般(ban)不用(yong)(yong)化學(xue)(xue)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)取(qu)“預(yu)(yu)(yu)防(fang)為主,綜合(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)方(fang)針,從茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統出發,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)強病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)測預(yu)(yu)(yu)報,綜合(he)運用(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi),創(chuang)造抑制(zhi)病(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、草(cao)等(deng)(deng)有害(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物孳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)有利于各種(zhong)(zhong)天敵繁衍的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件,保(bao)持茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統的(de)(de)平衡和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物的(de)(de)多樣(yang)性,將(jiang)有害(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)允許的(de)(de)經濟閾值以(yi)下(xia),將(jiang)農藥殘留(liu)降低到(dao)(dao)規定(ding)標(biao)準(zhun)范圍。根(gen)據病(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、雜草(cao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物學(xue)(xue)規律,因(yin)時(shi)、因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)宜,合(he)理(li)(li)運用(yong)(yong)采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)、修剪、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、耕作(zuo)等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)機械或(huo)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)方(fang)法捕殺(sha)、誘殺(sha)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蓑蛾等(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)防(fang)除雜草(cao)。保(bao)護和(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)天敵,發揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。優(you)先(xian)使用(yong)(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物農藥和(he)(he)植物源農藥。嚴(yan)禁(jin)使用(yong)(yong)滴滴涕(ti)、六六六、對硫(liu)(liu)磷(lin)(lin)(1605)、甲基(ji)(ji)對硫(liu)(liu)磷(lin)(lin)、甲胺磷(lin)(lin)、乙(yi)酰甲胺磷(lin)(lin)、氧化樂果、五氯酚(fen)鈉、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)脒、克百威、三氯殺(sha)螨醇、水(shui)(shui)胺硫(liu)(liu)磷(lin)(lin)、氰戊菊酯、順式氰戊菊酯及其混劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留(liu)農藥。 ③茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)清潔化、機械化加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。通過對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備、機械、廠(chang)(chang)房環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)、衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)改(gai)造,實(shi)(shi)現(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)按食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求,力爭做到(dao)(dao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不落(luo)地(di)(di)(di)(di);茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠(chang)(chang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備定(ding)期進(jin)行(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)改(gai)造和(he)(he)升級,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)機械應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)向茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹修剪、名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)以(yi)及茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)除草(cao)等(deng)(deng)栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li)延伸,向貯藏、包(bao)裝機械應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)并舉拓(tuo)展(zhan)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠(chang)(chang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)健全(quan),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)全(quan)程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong);加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)持健康合(he)格證和(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)崗(gang)(gang)培(pei)訓(xun)合(he)格證上(shang)(shang)崗(gang)(gang),掌握茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝與(yu)(yu)操作(zuo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),了解茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)求,具備茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)所需的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)單(dan)位必須(xu)通過QS認證,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)作(zuo)、包(bao)裝、貯藏和(he)(he)運輸要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)有關要(yao)(yao)求,使茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)規范,消除衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安全(quan)隱患,實(shi)(shi)現(xian)清潔化、機械化加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。 ④茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可追(zhui)溯(su)(su)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。建(jian)立茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)農事(shi)和(he)(he)農業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檔案,從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)到(dao)(dao)銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)每一(yi)個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節進(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監(jian)控(kong),包(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)時(shi)間(jian)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、農業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)使用(yong)(yong)、原始檢驗(yan)記錄、出廠(chang)(chang)檢驗(yan)、銷(xiao)售網絡等(deng)(deng)內容。嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求建(jian)立質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可追(zhui)溯(su)(su)制(zhi)度(du)。?
(4)產(chan)品(pin)收獲及產(chan)后處(chu)理(li)規定。加(jia)工(gong)制作余姚瀑布(bu)仙茗必須嚴格(ge)按照DB3302/T 075.3《余姚瀑布(bu)仙茗 加(jia)工(gong)條件與(yu)技術》的(de)標準進(jin)行加(jia)工(gong)。以規范攤青、殺青、揉捻、烘培、攤涼(liang)、理(li)條、整形、曲毫(hao)、提香等各道工(gong)序,做到有章可循,從而(er)保證(zheng)和穩定余姚瀑布(bu)仙茗的(de)質量。生產(chan)全過程(cheng),必須建(jian)立原料采購(gou)、加(jia)工(gong)、貯存、運輸、入庫(ku)、出庫(ku)和銷售的(de)完(wan)整檔案記錄,要求準確、清(qing)楚、完(wan)整,并(bing)妥善保管,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關(guan)規定
(1)標識:標志使用人應(ying)在其(qi)產品或(huo)其(qi)包裝上統一使用農產品地理標志(余兆瀑布(bu)仙茗(ming)名稱和公共(gong)標識圖案(an)組合(he)標注型(xing)式)。?
(2)包(bao)裝規(gui)定:包(bao)裝必須符合SB/T 10037的(de)(de)規(gui)定。包(bao)裝材料應(ying)符合食(shi)品(pin)衛生要求,無異味、密封(feng)能保護茶(cha)葉品(pin)質。直(zhi)接接觸茶(cha)葉的(de)(de)包(bao)裝材料應(ying)符合GB 11680規(gui)定。?
(3)貯(zhu)藏規定:茶葉貯(zhu)存保鮮的(de)含(han)水量(liang)(liang)宜(yi)小于6.5%。小批(pi)量(liang)(liang)宜(yi)用石灰(hui)缸貯(zhu)存,大批(pi)量(liang)(liang)宜(yi)用專用冷庫(ku)貯(zhu)存。茶葉先(xian)經簡易包裝,采(cai)用清潔(jie)、干燥(zao)、無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)的(de)包裝箱,內襯牛皮(pi)紙或鋁箔,并套一(yi)層塑料袋(dai)。貯(zhu)存庫(ku)房(fang)應:清潔(jie),無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei),遠(yuan)離有毒、有異(yi)味(wei)(wei)、易污染(ran)的(de)物品(pin);干燥(zao),配有除濕(shi)裝置;配用冷藏設施(shi),保持庫(ku)內溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)2℃~8℃之間;避光,庫(ku)房(fang)內無(wu)直射光。?
(4)運(yun)輸規定:運(yun)輸必須(xu)符合SB/T 10035的規定。運(yun)輸工(gong)具(ju)必須(xu)清潔衛生,干燥無(wu)異味,嚴(yan)禁與有毒、有害、有異味、易污(wu)染的物品混裝混運(yun)。運(yun)輸中必須(xu)穩固,應(ying)防(fang)雨(yu)、防(fang)潮、防(fang)曝曬,裝卸時應(ying)輕裝輕卸,防(fang)止擠(ji)壓、碰撞。