芒果视频

一.產品介紹

慶(qing)元縣(xian)(xian)是國(guo)(guo)內率先取得(de)灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)人工(gong)栽培成功的(de)地區和全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)大的(de)灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)主產(chan)地。1985年(nian)慶(qing)元縣(xian)(xian)食用(yong)菌科研(yan)中(zhong)心吳克甸等發表了國(guo)(guo)內首篇灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)人工(gong)栽培技(ji)術(shu)論文《灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)栽培初探》，九十年(nian)代(dai)起大面積推廣，目前全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)年(nian)產(chan)量8000多噸，占全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)總總量80%以上，產(chan)業(ye)總產(chan)值(zhi)超3億元。 1998年(nian)，慶(qing)元縣(xian)(xian)食用(yong)菌研(yan)究科研(yan)中(zhong)心承擔的(de)“灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)高產(chan)栽培技(ji)術(shu)推廣”獲(huo)(huo)麗水市農(nong)業(ye)豐收獎一等獎。2002年(nian)，慶(qing)元研(yan)發的(de)“麥特(te)消”灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)膠囊藥品獲(huo)(huo)得(de)國(guo)(guo)家藥字(zi)號(hao)。2009年(nian)，慶(qing)元黃田(tian)鎮被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)食用(yong)菌協會授予“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)之鄉”稱號(hao)。

二.自然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因(yin)素

1、生態環境。慶元縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)“中國生態環境第一縣(xian)(xian)”。是(shi)(shi)甌(ou)江、閩江、福安江的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積1898平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)，其中林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1678平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)、農業耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)106平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)、溪流(liu)水(shui)域27平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)，有(you)(you)“九山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半水(shui)半分(fen)田”之(zhi)說。擁有(you)(you)慶元林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、實(shi)驗林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、產業公(gong)司等國有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)和(he)一批鄉（鎮(zhen)）、村(cun)集體林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)，各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)還營建(jian)菇木、竹(zhu)(zhu)筍、柑橘、錐(zhui)栗等經濟林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)16萬(wan)余公(gong)頃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)木蓄積量(liang)846萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，立(li)竹(zhu)(zhu)量(liang)54520400萬(wan)株，森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達86%，是(shi)(shi)浙(zhe)江省8個林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業重點(dian)(dian)縣(xian)(xian)之(zhi)一。生產用(yong)水(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)，水(shui)質優良(liang)，符(fu)合(he)人畜(chu)飲用(yong)水(shui)標準。豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)資源，良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境，是(shi)(shi)慶元灰(hui)樹(shu)花無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)化栽培的(de)(de)(de)(de)堅實(shi)基(ji)礎，能很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)滿足(zu)慶元灰(hui)樹(shu)花對(dui)(dui)(dui)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)格要(yao)(yao)求。 2、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌。慶元地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形屬浙(zhe)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區，有(you)(you)溪谷(gu)、盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等多種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)東(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)傾(qing)斜(xie)。東(dong)、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)洞宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈所踞，多崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling)、深(shen)谷(gu)陡坡(po)，海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰有(you)(you)23座(zuo)，主(zhu)峰百(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)祖海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)1856.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)，為(wei)(wei)浙(zhe)江省第二(er)高(gao)(gao)峰，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)（谷(gu)）相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)高(gao)(gao)度海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)600米(mi)(mi)(mi)—800米(mi)(mi)(mi)；西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)仙霞嶺(ling)——楓嶺(ling)余脈，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢較東(dong)、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)緩，谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)較寬，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)（谷(gu)）地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)高(gao)(gao)度海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)330—600米(mi)(mi)(mi)，新(xin)窯村(cun)海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)240米(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)(shi)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)最低點(dian)(dian)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)800米(mi)(mi)(mi)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)，僅在海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)750-800米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區有(you)(you)黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)分(fen)布。中、西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵河谷(gu)小(xiao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原和(he)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)壟、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)及(ji)洪積地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等開闊平(ping)(ping)(ping)緩地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區分(fen)布著(zhu)由(you)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)自然(ran)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)經長(chang)期(qi)(qi)灌水(shui)耕種(zhong)(zhong)熟化發(fa)育而成水(shui)稻土(tu)。適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)度、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)慶元灰(hui)樹(shu)花生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)條(tiao)件(jian)。 3、氣(qi)候特點(dian)(dian)。氣(qi)候屬亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候，溫(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)潤，四季(ji)分(fen)明，年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17.4℃，降水(shui)量(liang)1760毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)，無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)(qi)245天，氣(qi)候總(zong)體特點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)冬無(wu)嚴(yan)寒，夏無(wu)酷暑。就(jiu)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)而言，東(dong)、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)較之(zhi)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)低，無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)(qi)短，晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大。亞熱帶季(ji)風性濕(shi)潤氣(qi)候最宜于(yu)慶元灰(hui)樹(shu)花等菌類生長(chang)。

三.地域范圍

慶(qing)元縣地處浙江省西南(nan)部，東(dong)、南(nan)、西三面與福(fu)建(jian)壽寧(ning)、政(zheng)和、松溪3縣交界，北與浙江省龍泉市(shi)、景寧(ning)畬(yu)族自治(zhi)縣接壤。南(nan)北長49千米(mi)，東(dong)西寬(kuan)67千米(mi)，總面積1898平方(fang)千米(mi)，人口20萬。慶(qing)元灰樹花農產品地理標(biao)志地域保護(hu)范圍為：黃(huang)田鎮、嶺頭鄉(xiang)、濛洲街道、竹口鎮、五大堡鄉(xiang)等3個(ge)(ge)(ge)街道，6個(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮，10個(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)，19個(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)級(ji)政(zheng)區(qu)及8個(ge)(ge)(ge)社區(qu)、345個(ge)(ge)(ge)村民委員會。地理坐標(biao)為北緯27°25′～27°51′，東(dong)經118°50′～119°30′。以慶(qing)元縣縣域邊界內耕地為主，保護(hu)面積120平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。慶(qing)元灰樹花生產規(gui)模一直(zhi)穩定200公(gong)頃，栽培量(liang)1800萬袋(dai)左右，年(nian)鮮產量(liang)達8000噸以上。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征

1、形(xing)態(tai)特征 慶元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)子(zi)(zi)實(shi)體(ti)簇生(sheng)葉片，整體(ti)呈半(ban)球形(xing)，直徑一般(ban)為15厘米左右，基部相連，珊(shan)瑚狀(zhuang)分枝。葉片灰(hui)(hui)(hui)褐色，扇形(xing)或匙(chi)形(xing)。葉片表面有(you)(you)(you)放射(she)狀(zhuang)條紋，邊緣薄；背(bei)面白(bai)色，滿布菌管(guan)孔。子(zi)(zi)實(shi)體(ti)肉質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脆(cui)嫩，有(you)(you)(you)獨特香味(wei)。 2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特色 慶元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)子(zi)(zi)實(shi)體(ti)肉質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柔軟，脆(cui)嫩味(wei)美，味(wei)如(ru)雞絲，脆(cui)似玉蘭，有(you)(you)(you)松(song)口(kou)蘑的(de)(de)香味(wei)，可以烹制(zhi)成(cheng)多種佳肴；子(zi)(zi)實(shi)體(ti)營養豐富(fu)，富(fu)含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、鐵、硒、維(wei)生(sheng)素B1、維(wei)生(sheng)素B2、維(wei)生(sheng)素E、氨基酸(suan)，并含有(you)(you)(you)β-葡聚糖(tang)(tang)(tang)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)多糖(tang)(tang)(tang)等(deng)活性成(cheng)份，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)提(ti)高人體(ti)免疫功(gong)能(neng)、預防(fang)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)尿病和抗腫瘤等(deng)作用。經(jing)農業部農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)及轉基因產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)督(du)檢驗測(ce)試中心檢測(ce)，慶元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)20%～30%；粗(cu)脂肪含量(liang)(liang)2%～5%；粗(cu)纖維(wei)含量(liang)(liang)7%～10%；灰(hui)(hui)(hui)分含量(liang)(liang)5%～8%；粗(cu)多糖(tang)(tang)(tang)含量(liang)(liang)6%～9%。因此(ci)，灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)保(bao)健作用和很高的(de)(de)藥(yao)用價值(zhi)，是一種高級保(bao)健食品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 3、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)規定(ding) 慶元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)按(an)照(zhao)《灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)標(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》（DB331126/T18—2007）技術規程進行標(biao)準化(hua)栽培(pei)。質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)采用對灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、粗(cu)多糖(tang)(tang)(tang)等(deng)理化(hua)指(zhi)標(biao)以及衛生(sheng)等(deng)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)、監(jian)控(kong)而得(de)以控(kong)制(zhi)，慶元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)按(an)《灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)》（NY/T 446-2001）標(biao)準執行，衛生(sheng)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)《食用菌衛生(sheng)標(biao)準》（GB 7096-2003）標(biao)準執行。

五.特(te)定生產方式

1、栽培(pei)品種(zhong)：慶(qing)灰151、慶(qing)灰152。 2、栽培(pei)環境(jing)(jing)：生(sheng)產用水應(ying)符合(he)GB5749規(gui)定；生(sheng)產環境(jing)(jing)空氣(qi)質量(liang)應(ying)符合(he)GB3095一類區要(yao)(yao)求。 3、菇棚(peng)(peng)(peng)由遮蔭高(gao)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)（外棚(peng)(peng)(peng)）和拱形(xing)塑料(liao)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)（內棚(peng)(peng)(peng)）組(zu)成。 4、菌(jun)(jun)棒式栽培(pei)的(de)技術要(yao)(yao)點(dian) 4.1 栽培(pei)季節安(an)排：每年可(ke)進行(xing)春(chun)秋(qiu)兩季栽培(pei)，春(chun)栽接種(zhong)1—2月，秋(qiu)栽7—8月，海拔愈高(gao)春(chun)栽接種(zhong)期愈遲，秋(qiu)栽則接種(zhong)期愈早。 4.2培(pei)養料(liao)配(pei)方(fang)：雜木(mu)屑(xie)34%、棉子殼34%、山表土10%、麥麩10%、玉米粉10%、紅糖1%、石膏1%，含水量(liang)60～65%。PH值6-6.5。原材(cai)料(liao)要(yao)(yao)求新鮮，無霉(mei)變，無摻(chan)假。 4.3菌(jun)(jun)棒制(zhi)作流程：配(pei)料(liao)—攪拌—裝袋—滅菌(jun)(jun)—接種(zhong)—培(pei)菌(jun)(jun)。 5、培(pei)菌(jun)(jun)管(guan)理(li)(li)：及時翻堆、刺(ci)孔(kong)增(zeng)(zeng)氧、發菌(jun)(jun)檢查及通風(feng)降溫(wen)(wen)，調(diao)節適宜的(de)溫(wen)(wen)、光、氣(qi)等培(pei)菌(jun)(jun)條件。 6、出菇管(guan)理(li)(li) 菌(jun)(jun)絲布(bu)滿全袋后，在溫(wen)(wen)度(du)20℃左(zuo)右即(ji)可(ke)進行(xing)割(ge)口，同時提(ti)高(gao)出菇場地的(de)空氣(qi)相對(dui)濕度(du)至85%-90%，保(bao)持(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)20-25℃，相應(ying)增(zeng)(zeng)加光照強度(du)，7天(tian)左(zuo)右形(xing)成子實(shi)體(ti)原基。之后子實(shi)體(ti)將(jiang)進入(ru)分化生(sheng)長階段(duan)，要(yao)(yao)加強溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)、空氣(qi)的(de)合(he)理(li)(li)調(diao)控，隨著子實(shi)體(ti)的(de)生(sheng)長，必須加強通風(feng)，以保(bao)持(chi)空氣(qi)清(qing)新，同時逐步增(zeng)(zeng)加光照強度(du)。經20-25天(tian)的(de)培(pei)養，子實(shi)體(ti)即(ji)可(ke)成熟采(cai)收。

六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規(gui)定(ding)

按照(zhao)農(nong)業部(bu)關于農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)有(you)關規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)，對慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)做如下規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)：凡在標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)范圍內生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營的(de)(de)慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)，并(bing)按照(zhao)慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)質量(liang)控(kong)制規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范種植的(de)(de)種植戶，在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和包裝上使用(yong)(yong)(yong)已獲得的(de)(de)慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，須向登記(ji)證書持有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提出申(shen)請，并(bing)簽訂相(xiang)關合同(tong)，按照(zhao)相(xiang)關要求(qiu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，統一(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)(gong)標(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)標(biao)識(shi)標(biao)注方法。縣(xian)級(ji)以上人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民政府農(nong)業行政主(zhu)管部(bu)門對慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)負(fu)有(you)監督管理(li)(li)(li)(li)職能，定(ding)期對登記(ji)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)域范圍、標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)等進行監督檢查(cha)。鼓勵單位和個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行社會監督。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)本(ben)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe)，對地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)質量(liang)和信譽負(fu)責，違(wei)反本(ben)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)，由縣(xian)級(ji)以上人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民政府農(nong)業行政主(zhu)管部(bu)門依照(zhao)《中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)(gong)和國農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全法》有(you)關規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)處罰。