一.產品介紹
武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),原(yuan)名廣(guang)濟(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(《廣(guang)濟(ji)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》第34頁(ye)(ye),地(di)處長江中游北岸,大(da)(da)別山(shan)余脈南(nan)麓(lu)。武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自古以來(lai)就有(you)栽培(pei)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的歷(li)史(shi),清朝時就有(you)文字記(ji)載(《清·廣(guang)濟(ji)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》第38頁(ye)(ye))。1979年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達8500噸,居全(quan)省(sheng)各縣(xian)(xian)首位(《廣(guang)濟(ji)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》第30頁(ye)(ye))。從1988年(nian)(nian)開始逐步推(tui)廣(guang)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai) “華雙(shuang)(shuang)2號(hao)”、“華雙(shuang)(shuang)3號(hao)”等品種(zhong)(《武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)》第142頁(ye)(ye)、156頁(ye)(ye))。進(jin)(jin)入90年(nian)(nian)代,武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植面積(ji)不(bu)斷擴大(da)(da),被(bei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)列為長江流域雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)開發示范(fan)(fan)區(《武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)》第142頁(ye)(ye)),1995年(nian)(nian)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植面積(ji)達26萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平均單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)191.2 kg,總產(chan)(chan)(chan)44961噸(《武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)》第149頁(ye)(ye))。1997年(nian)(nian)在湖北省(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)考核評比(bi)中名列第一。1998年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)19日,原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)總理溫家(jia)寶同志(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)視察,觀看了(le)武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)金(jin)鎮大(da)(da)金(jin)畈萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)優(you)質(zhi)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)示范(fan)(fan)基(ji)地(di),對武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政府(fu)大(da)(da)力發展(zhan)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye),著力推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農村經濟(ji)發展(zhan)的經驗給予了(le)高度的肯定與贊揚(《武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)》第7頁(ye)(ye))。2003年(nian)(nian)4月(yue),武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被(bei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)優(you)質(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品服(fu)務中心授予“中國(guo)(guo)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”的稱號(hao)。2006年(nian)(nian),武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)被(bei)農業(ye)部批準(zhun)(zhun)為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)綠色食(shi)品原(yuan)料(liao)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di),創建(jian)綠色食(shi)品原(yuan)料(liao)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)示范(fan)(fan)基(ji)地(di)16.3萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);2012年(nian)(nian)被(bei)湖北省(sheng)確定為綠色食(shi)品雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)整縣(xian)(xian)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)示范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),建(jian)設綠色食(shi)品原(yuan)料(liao)武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)面積(ji)36萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耕地(di)面積(ji)的80%以上。2009年(nian)(nian)被(bei)湖北省(sheng)政府(fu)命名為“油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)大(da)(da)縣(xian)(xian)”,并榮(rong)獲“中國(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之鄉”美譽(yu)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:武(wu)穴處(chu)紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)帶的北部邊緣,是紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)向黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)過渡地(di)(di)(di)區。據第二次土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)普(pu)查資料,武(wu)穴市地(di)(di)(di)帶性土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)和棕(zong)紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang),非(fei)地(di)(di)(di)帶性土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu),石(shi)灰(巖(yan))土(tu)(tu)(tu),水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)共(gong)5個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)、11個(ge)亞類(lei)、45個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬、293個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)以(yi)微酸性土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)為主(zhu),適宜(yi)于多種作物的成(cheng)長(chang)。武(wu)穴境內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)酸堿(jian)度適中,富含(han)鋅、硼、鎂(mei)、鉬、鈣、硫、鐵等。由于土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,含(han)水適中,通氣性好,未受污染(ran),吸熱快、放熱快、晝(zhou)夜溫差大,有利(li)于植(zhi)物進(jin)行(xing)物質積(ji)累。適于雙低油菜及(ji)多種作物的生長(chang)。
2、水文(wen)情況:武(wu)穴南依長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang),全市流(liu)域面積(ji)主屬長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)下游(you)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)區(qu)(qu)華陽河(he)系,源出北部低(di)山和中(zhong)部丘陵的(de)梅(mei)川水庫、荊竹水庫、大金水庫、戴文(wen)義、鐵石等(deng)河(he)注入(ru)武(wu)山湖(hu)、太白湖(hu)匯集東(dong)流(liu)入(ru)華陽河(he),流(liu)域面積(ji)共計953.2平(ping)方公里(li)(li)。其次屬長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)區(qu)(qu)蘄水河(he)系,源出西北丘陵的(de)松(song)陽、栗木、百園等(deng)山河(he),向西注入(ru)蘄春赤(chi)東(dong)湖(hu),流(liu)域面積(ji)126.7平(ping)方公里(li)(li)。區(qu)(qu)域內(nei)地下水屬基(ji)巖裂隙水,屬重碳酸鈉(na)型和鈣鈉(na)型極(ji)軟水,硬度小于4度,適合(he)武(wu)穴雙低(di)油(you)菜(cai)生長(chang)(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)。
3、氣(qi)候情況:武(wu)穴市(shi)位于北緯29°50′-30°13′,東經(jing)115°22′-115°49′,屬中緯度(du)亞(ya)熱帶大陸性濕(shi)潤季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候區。四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),熱量豐富,光(guang)照充(chong)足,雨量充(chong)沛,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和濕(shi)潤。年均總日照時(shi)數為1913.5小時(shi),年均太陽輻(fu)射(she)能(neng)(neng)106.799千卡/平方(fang)厘米,年平均降雨量1489.1毫米,年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)16.9℃,年平均地表溫(wen)度(du)為18.6℃,全年無霜期320天,為全省一級光(guang)能(neng)(neng)區,是適宜于農(nong)、林、牧、漁全面發展的多宜地區。境內有低(di)山、丘陵(ling)、湖泊、長(chang)江等屏(ping)障,為武(wu)穴雙(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜的生(sheng)產(chan)提供了優越的自然隔離條件,有利于提高其產(chan)品品質。
三.地域范圍
包(bao)括武穴市(shi)梅川鎮(zhen)(zhen)、余(yu)川鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大金鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大法寺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、四望(wang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石佛寺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、花橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、龍坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、武穴辦(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、刊江辦(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、田鎮(zhen)(zhen)辦(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、萬(wan)丈湖辦(ban)事(shi)處(chu)等12個雙低油菜種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)(qu)域。武穴市(shi),原(yuan)名廣濟縣,位(wei)于北(bei)緯29°50′-30°13′;東(dong)(dong)經(jing)115°22′-115°49′。地(di)處(chu)長江中游北(bei)岸,大別(bie)山(shan)余(yu)脈南(nan)(nan)麓(lu),鄂(e)東(dong)(dong)邊緣(yuan)。東(dong)(dong)與(yu)黃梅縣毗鄰,西(xi)北(bei)與(yu)蘄春接壤,西(xi)南(nan)(nan)與(yu)陽新縣隔江相(xiang)望(wang),南(nan)(nan)與(yu)江西(xi)省九江、瑞昌以長江為(wei)界(jie)。地(di)扼吳頭楚尾(wei),歷來是鄂(e)、皖、贛(gan)毗連地(di)段(duan)的(de)“三(san)省七縣通衢”。早在(zai)明代就成(cheng)為(wei)臨江重(zhong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。清初(chu)發展為(wei)“商(shang)賈雜處(chu)鱗聚之(zhi)要埠”,《煙臺條約》辟為(wei)外輪停泊港口、孫中山(shan)先生在(zai)《建(jian)國(guo)方略》中列入(ru)開(kai)發計劃,民國(guo)中期成(cheng)為(wei)湖北(bei)省“七大商(shang)埠”之(zhi)一,素有(you)“入(ru)楚第一門”、“鄂(e)東(dong)(dong)門戶”之(zhi)稱。如(ru)今,隨(sui)著現代化建(jian)設進程(cheng)的(de)快速推進,武穴處(chu)于武漢8+1城市(shi)發展圈之(zhi)內;處(chu)于黃山(shan)、天柱山(shan)、廬山(shan)大旅游圈之(zhi)中;處(chu)于中國(guo)經(jing)濟梯度開(kai)發,承東(dong)(dong)接西(xi)過渡區(qu)(qu)域之(zhi)中;是京九大動脈中段(duan)的(de)重(zhong)要城市(shi)。全市(shi)版圖面積1200.35平(ping)(ping)方公里,占湖北(bei)省總面積的(de)0.65%。地(di)勢自北(bei)向南(nan)(nan)傾(qing)斜,北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)大別(bie)山(shan)余(yu)脈,中部(bu)(bu)丘(qiu)陵起(qi)伏、湖港交(jiao)錯,南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)帶狀長江沖積平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)。雙低油菜常(chang)年種(zhong)植(zhi)面積保持在(zai)43萬(wan)畝以上,年總產量超(chao)過7.5萬(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在(zai)感官(guan)特(te)征:武穴(xue)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)菜(cai)薹為(wei)油(you)菜(cai)主花(hua)序(xu),長約(yue)15-20厘米,薹粗約(yue)1-1.5厘米,色(se)(se)(se)澤(ze)翠(cui)綠,氣(qi)味清香,味甜,無(wu)傳統(tong)油(you)菜(cai)薹的苦澀味;武穴(xue)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)籽呈(cheng)黑色(se)(se)(se)或褐(he)色(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)澤(ze)鮮亮(liang),皮薄(bo),籽粒(li)飽滿圓(yuan)潤,大小均勻整(zheng)齊,千粒(li)重4.28克;以武穴(xue)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)籽為(wei)原料經低(di)溫壓榨加(jia)工的毛油(you)呈(cheng)深褐(he)色(se)(se)(se),有濃郁的菜(cai)籽油(you)香味。經精加(jia)工后的菜(cai)籽油(you),呈(cheng)淺黃色(se)(se)(se),油(you)色(se)(se)(se)清亮(liang),氣(qi)味清香;武穴(xue)雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)籽餅(bing)粕呈(cheng)黃色(se)(se)(se)、淺褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)碎片或粗粉狀(zhuang),具菜(cai)油(you)香味,無(wu)發酵(jiao)、霉變及(ji)異味。
、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:武(wu)穴雙低(di)油(you)菜(cai)芥酸≤5%,硫甙(餅(bing))≤35umol/g;以武(wu)穴雙低(di)油(you)菜(cai)為原料經低(di)溫壓榨的菜(cai)籽油(you)亞油(you)酸≥60%;不(bu)飽(bao)和脂肪酸總(zong)量≥90%;其加工副(fu)產品(pin)餅(bing)粕硫甙≤35umol/g、粗蛋白≥25%。
3、質量安全要求:武(wu)穴雙(shuang)低油菜產地(di)環境、產品(pin)(pin)質量符合NY/T391-2013《綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)產地(di)環境技(ji)術(shu)條件》、 NY/T790-2004《雙(shuang)低油菜生產技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)》的(de)要求。