一.產品介紹
民(min)(min)(min)和(he)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)傳入(ru)民(min)(min)(min)和(he)縣已有150年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)的歷史,約為清末民(min)(min)(min)國初(chu)年(nian),民(min)(min)(min)和(he)縣河湟(huang)地(di)區(qu),民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)聊生,土(tu)地(di)荒蕪,農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)都是過著“早上(shang)湯(tang)、中午光、晚上(shang)半湯(tang)喝不(bu)上(shang)”的生活,大(da)批(pi)的農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)逃亡到(dao)(dao)(dao)山區(qu),開墾荒地(di),種(zhong)植馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu),因(yin)其產(chan)量高,耐旱、適用(yong)性強(qiang)(qiang),糧菜(cai)兩用(yong),賴以(yi)勉強(qiang)(qiang)度日(ri)。60年(nian)代中期,那(nei)時(shi)自然(ran)災害頻繁,農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)生活極度困窘,食物匱乏,馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)救了不(bu)少人(ren)的命,幫人(ren)們(men)度過了難關。據(ju)傳,那(nei)時(shi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)口袋(dai)洋芋就換回了一(yi)(yi)個媳婦,土(tu)豆竟然(ran)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了金(jin)貴(gui)如此地(di)步了。70年(nian)代以(yi)來,推廣普及(ji)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)新品(pin)種(zhong),因(yin)其豐產(chan)、品(pin)質好,使民(min)(min)(min)和(he)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)生產(chan)又得以(yi)恢復(fu)發(fa)展,到(dao)(dao)(dao)“十一(yi)(yi)五”期末,躍居種(zhong)植作物之(zhi)首。民(min)(min)(min)和(he)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)為貧困農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)脫毒(du)致富,發(fa)展農(nong)村(cun)經濟起到(dao)(dao)(dao)了很(hen)大(da)的促進作用(yong),山區(qu)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)一(yi)(yi)度高興地(di)把脫毒(du)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)稱為“脫貧馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)”。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
主要描述影響(xiang)登記產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)色形成(cheng)和(he)保(bao)持的(de)獨特(te)產地環境(jing)因子,如獨特(te)的(de)光照、溫濕(shi)度(du)、降水、水質(zhi)、地形地貌、土質(zhi)等。
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:民(min)和(he)回族(zu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)區,縣(xian)(xian)境南北長約69公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬約32公(gong)里(li)。海(hai)拔最(zui)高(gao)(gao)4220米,最(zui)低(di)1650米,為(wei)(wei)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)原向青藏高(gao)(gao)原過渡地(di)(di)帶(dai)。祁連山(shan)系的(de)達板山(shan)和(he)拉脊(ji)山(shan)余脈,構(gou)成(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)境地(di)(di)架。地(di)(di)勢(shi)西(xi)(xi)北高(gao)(gao),東(dong)南低(di),西(xi)(xi)南部多(duo)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)。境內(nei)溝整縱橫(heng),山(shan)巒重迭,地(di)(di)形(xing)復雜。湟水飛黃河自西(xi)(xi)向東(dong),流經縣(xian)(xian)境北部和(he)南部,形(xing)成(cheng)湟水、黃河兩(liang)(liang)大(da)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)。地(di)(di)貌特征大(da)致可概括為(wei)(wei)“八條大(da)溝九道(dao)山(shan),兩(liang)(liang)大(da)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)三大(da)垣”。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要以(yi)灰鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紅壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母質為(wei)(wei)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質屬(shu)中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),質地(di)(di)疏松,非常適宜民(min)和(he)馬鈴薯(shu)的(de)生(sheng)長。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:包括水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質情(qing)況及(ji)影響因子。民和(he)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)較(jiao)豐富,流(liu)(liu)經民和(he)縣的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)三(san)條(tiao),即黃河(he)(he)(he)、湟(huang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、大(da)通河(he)(he)(he),大(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)溝(gou)計二(er)十四條(tiao),其(qi)中十八條(tiao)河(he)(he)(he)溝(gou)源(yuan)于(yu)拉(la)脊(ji)山山脈。黃河(he)(he)(he)、湟(huang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、大(da)通河(he)(he)(he)系(xi)三(san)大(da)過(guo)境河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)過(guo)境容水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)約4.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米(mi)。縣境內共有(you)大(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)溝(gou)24條(tiao),其(qi)中較(jiao)大(da)的(de)常流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)有(you)隆治溝(gou)、巴州溝(gou)、米(mi)拉(la)溝(gou)、松樹(shu)溝(gou)、前(qian)河(he)(he)(he)溝(gou)、大(da)馬家溝(gou)、杏兒(er)溝(gou)、馬營溝(gou)等8條(tiao),自產地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)2.725億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米(mi)。地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綜合補(bu)給量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)0.766億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米(mi),可開采地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)0.213億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米(mi)3、氣候情(qing)況:民和(he)屬(shu)大(da)陸性氣候,其(qi)特(te)點(dian)是冬季(ji)寒冷(leng)、夏季(ji)涼爽、蒸發量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)、日(ri)照時(shi)間長、輻射強,晝夜(ye)(ye)溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)7.8℃,最(zui)熱月(yue)(7月(yue))平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)20.3℃,最(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)(1月(yue))平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-10℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)作物生長期為(wei)(wei)234天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)340.9mm,且降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集中在(zai)夏季(ji)(6-8月(yue)),占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)55%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)1804.6mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)56%。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)無霜期149天,最(zui)大(da)凍土深度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)90cm。 ≥0℃的(de)積溫(wen)2500--3500℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)2400--2600小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)輻射125--185千卡/平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)。氣候特(te)點(dian)是光資源(yuan)豐富,日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)長,太陽輻射強,降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)差異大(da),夜(ye)(ye)雨(yu)多,強度(du)(du)小(xiao)。熱量(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)低(di),冬季(ji)嚴(yan)寒干旱,夏季(ji)溫(wen)涼短(duan)促,降雨(yu)集中。具(ju)有(you)發展(zhan)高(gao)原特(te)色農業的(de)優越(yue)條(tiao)件,適宜于(yu)種植(zhi)馬鈴薯。
三.地域范圍
民和馬鈴薯農(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保護范(fan)圍(wei)為民和回族土族自(zi)治縣全境(jing),包括川口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、巴州鎮(zhen)(zhen)、馬場垣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西溝(gou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、古鄯鎮(zhen)(zhen)、核桃(tao)莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、李二堡(bao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、松樹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、峽門鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新(xin)民鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、北山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、隆治鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、總堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滿(man)坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、馬營鎮(zhen)(zhen)、前(qian)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、轉導鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、甘溝(gou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、官亭鎮(zhen)(zhen)、中川鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、杏兒鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),地(di)理坐標(biao)是東(dong)徑102°26ˊ-103°04ˊ,北緯(wei)35°45ˊ-36°26ˊ。縣境(jing)內(nei)南北長約69公(gong)里,東(dong)西寬約32公(gong)里,總面積1890.82平方公(gong)里。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征(zheng)
產品(pin)(pin)(pin)特(te)(te)有的品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征(zheng)和產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全方面遵循的規定,主要包(bao)(bao)括:1、外在感官(guan)特(te)(te)征(zheng):薯(shu)(shu)塊長圓形,表(biao)皮粗糙,黃(huang)皮黃(huang)肉。致(zhi)密度中(zhong)等(deng),芽(ya)眼(yan)有色,深(shen)(shen)度中(zhong)等(deng),數目中(zhong)等(deng),芽(ya)眉半月型,臍部深(shen)(shen),薯(shu)(shu)塊整齊,蒸(zheng)煮后(hou)肉質(zhi)(zhi)酥散(san),色味純正,口感好(hao)。2、內在品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):磷35.6±5.1 mg/100g,鉀(jia)306±30.2 mg/100g,干物質(zhi)(zhi)24.2 ±6.2g/100g,還原糖0.87±0.09g/100g,鎂30.3±4.3mg/100g,核黃(huang)素0.24±0.02mg/100g,硫胺素0.11±0.01mg/100g,與青(qing)海(hai)省食(shi)物營養成分表(biao)對(dui)照比(bi)較,還原糖高63%,鎂高152%,核黃(huang)素高700%,硫胺素高22%。3、安全要求:在民和馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)農產品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)志保護范圍內的民和馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)生產過程及產品(pin)(pin)(pin)應符合(he)以下規定:GB4406種(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)GB4285農藥安全使(shi)用標(biao)準GB18133馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)脫毒(du)種(zhong)薯(shu)(shu),薯(shu)(shu)芋類(lei)蔬菜(cai)GB/T 6543運輸包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)用單瓦楞紙箱(xiang)(xiang)和雙瓦楞紙箱(xiang)(xiang)GB/T 9693食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)用聚乙(yi)烯樹脂衛生標(biao)準NY5221無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)薯(shu)(shu)芋類(lei)蔬菜(cai)NY5010無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)蔬菜(cai)產地環境條件(jian)NY/T496肥(fei)料合(he)理使(shi)用準則通則NY/T1066鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)等(deng)級規格。