景點簡介
二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)(qi)(qi)紀念(nian)(nian)館(guan)位(wei)于武漢市漢口,是(shi)為紀念(nian)(nian)1923年京漢鐵路大罷工及“二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)(qi)(qi)慘(can)案”,在林祥謙(qian)、施(shi)(shi)洋等39位(wei)烈(lie)(lie)士(shi)犧牲(sheng)的(de)(de)江岸(an)地(di)區修建的(de)(de),1963年對外開放。1987年新(xin)館(guan)建成開放。館(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)陳列(lie)廳分(fen)為七(qi)(qi)(qi)個部分(fen),詳細地(di)介(jie)紹了“二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)(qi)(qi)”革(ge)命(ming)斗爭的(de)(de)全(quan)過程;陳列(lie)了老一輩無產階級革(ge)命(ming)家及當代黨和國家領導人的(de)(de)題(ti)字(zi)、文(wen)章(zhang)、畫作,以及“二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)(qi)(qi)”發(fa)源地(di)繼承和發(fa)揚“二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)(qi)(qi)”傳統、再(zai)創新(xin)業績的(de)(de)各個時(shi)期的(de)(de)英模事跡。二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)(qi)(qi)紀念(nian)(nian)館(guan)周圍還有毛澤東親筆題(ti)寫的(de)(de)“二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)(qi)(qi)烈(lie)(lie)士(shi)紀念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”、京漢鐵路總工會舊址、林祥謙(qian)烈(lie)(lie)士(shi)就義的(de)(de)江岸(an)車站、施(shi)(shi)洋烈(lie)(lie)士(shi)墓等紀念(nian)(nian)地(di)。
1923年(nian)2月1日,京漢(han)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)各站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)代表在(zai)鄭州(zhou)召開總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)成立大會(hui)(hui),吳佩孚派(pai)軍(jun)警進(jin)行阻(zu)撓(nao)。總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)當即組(zu)織(zhi)全路(lu)(lu)兩萬(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人舉行罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),并將總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)移至武(wu)漢(han)江(jiang)(jiang)岸辦公。2月4日大罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開始,京漢(han)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)陷(xian)于癱(tan)瘓。2月7日曹錕(kun)、吳佩孚等(deng)(deng)派(pai)大批軍(jun)警在(zai)長辛店、鄭州(zhou)和武(wu)漢(han)江(jiang)(jiang)岸等(deng)(deng)處進(jin)行血腥鎮(zhen)壓,總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)江(jiang)(jiang)岸分會(hui)(hui)委員(yuan)長、共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)員(yuan)林祥謙和總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)法(fa)律(lv)顧問、共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)員(yuan)施洋慘遭殺害。這次(ci)慘案暴(bao)露了(le)軍(jun)閥的殘暴(bao),顯示了(le)中國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人階級的革命堅定性和組(zu)織(zhi)紀律(lv)性。
建館原因
武漢(han)(han)(han)二七紀念(nian)館位于(yu)武漢(han)(han)(han)市漢(han)(han)(han)口(kou)江岸地區解放(fang)大道的徐州新村(cun)街口(kou)。建(jian)設初衷(zhong)是(shi)為了紀念(nian)“二七”大罷工這一偉大歷(li)史事件。
1956年(nian),中華人民(min)(min)共和國鐵道(dao)部、湖北省、武漢市人民(min)(min)政府(fu)在“二(er)七”烈士(shi)英勇斗爭的江岸修建(jian)(jian)了武漢二(er)七紀念館(guan),并定為省重(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位(wei),1958年(nian)毛澤東題寫“二(er)七烈士(shi)紀念碑(bei)”。1985年(nian)由于展館(guan)窄小,省、市政府(fu)和鐵道(dao)部又投資遷建(jian)(jian)了新(xin)(xin)館(guan)。1986年(nian)胡(hu)耀(yao)邦為新(xin)(xin)遷建(jian)(jian)的“武漢二(er)七紀念館(guan)”題寫館(guan)名。
武漢二(er)(er)(er)七紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)館占地面積27500平方米,建(jian)筑面積約12700平方米。藏有文物(wu)實物(wu)89件(jian)(jian),國家一級文物(wu)3件(jian)(jian),二(er)(er)(er)級文物(wu)17件(jian)(jian),展(zhan)線(xian)1200米。矗立在紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)館廣場中央(yang)的二(er)(er)(er)七烈(lie)士紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei),于1999遷建(jian)落成,中央(yang)領導尉健行同志親臨紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)館為紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)落成揭幕。
武(wu)漢二七(qi)紀念館(guan)建設經(jing)過(guo)多年的(de)(de)不斷(duan)完善,已經(jing)成為全(quan)國(guo)和世界各國(guo)友好人士(shi)瞻仰二七(qi)革命的(de)(de)重要(yao)場(chang)所。1997年7月(yue),武(wu)漢二七(qi)紀念館(guan)被中共中央宣(xuan)傳部公(gong)布(bu)為為首批全(quan)國(guo)愛(ai)國(guo)主義教育示范基地。
“二七”大罷工
一(yi)九二(er)三(san)年二(er)月(yue),京漢(han)鐵路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)在中(zhong)國共產(chan)黨領導下,為爭取成(cheng)立總(zong)(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)階(jie)級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)政治權利,進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)反帝(di)反封建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斗爭.二(er)月(yue)一(yi)日,總(zong)(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)在鄭州(zhou)召開(kai)成(cheng)立大會(hui)(hui)(hui)時(shi),遭(zao)(zao)到(dao)軍(jun)閥吳(wu)佩孚的(de)(de)(de)干涉和破壞。當晚議(yi)決舉行(xing)全路(lu)總(zong)(zong)同(tong)盟大罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表示反抗,提出了(le)(le)(le)“為自(zi)由戰,為人(ren)(ren)權戰”的(de)(de)(de)口(kou)(kou)號。同(tong)時(shi)決定總(zong)(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)遷(qian)移漢(han)口(kou)(kou)江(jiang)岸(an)辦公(gong)(gong)。二(er)月(yue)四日,大罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)現,京漢(han)全線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)一(yi)致行(xing)動,全線所(suo)有車(che)輛一(yi)律停駛,長(chang)達一(yi)千(qian)二(er)百多(duo)公(gong)(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)京漢(han)鐵路(lu)頓時(shi)癱瘓。二(er)月(yue)七(qi)日,吳(wu)佩孚在帝(di)國主義支持下,在漢(han)口(kou)(kou)江(jiang)岸(an)、鄭州(zhou)、長(chang)辛店(dian)等地對罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)血(xue)腥(xing)鎮(zhen)壓(ya),鐵路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)同(tong)敵人(ren)(ren)展開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)英勇搏斗。江(jiang)岸(an)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)委員長(chang)林祥謙、總(zong)(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)法律顧(gu)問施洋等五十二(er)人(ren)(ren),先(xian)后慘遭(zao)(zao)殺害(hai),數百人(ren)(ren)受傷,造(zao)成(cheng)歷史上(shang)有名的(de)(de)(de)“二(er)七(qi)”慘案(an)。 這(zhe)次罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斗爭,得到(dao)全國人(ren)(ren)民和世界無產(chan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)有力聲援,大大提高了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)國共產(chan)黨的(de)(de)(de)政治威望,充分(fen)顯示了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)階(jie)級(ji)(ji)偉(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)團結與戰斗力量,在中(zhong)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)運動史上(shang)譜寫了(le)(le)(le)光輝燦爛的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)頁。二(er)月(yue)七(qi)日,已成(cheng)為中(zhong)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)階(jie)級(ji)(ji)英勇斗爭的(de)(de)(de)紀念日。
地理位置
地(di)址:湖北省武漢市漢口解放大道2499號
郵編:430000
烈士碑
二(er)(er)七烈(lie)士(shi)紀(ji)念(nian)碑(bei)在(zai)武漢市漢口(kou)江岸“二(er)(er)七”革命(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)館院內。為紀(ji)念(nian)1923年在(zai)“二(er)(er)七”大罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)中犧牲的(de)(de)烈(lie)士(shi)而(er)立。碑(bei)用(yong)花崗石砌(qi)成(cheng),碑(bei)身為圭形方(fang)錐體,置于束腰石座之上,通高12.6米(mi),碑(bei)正面鐫毛澤東手書“二(er)(er)七烈(lie)士(shi)紀(ji)念(nian)碑(bei)”七字。碑(bei)座四面,鑲嵌(qian)著白色大理石的(de)(de)浮雕(diao)藝術(shu)裝飾,前面為象征工(gong)(gong)農(nong)團結、高舉革命(ming)火炬(ju)的(de)(de)圖案(an),左右兩側嵌(qian)有(you)(you)浮雕(diao)畫圖,生動地(di)再現了武漢各工(gong)(gong)團聲援罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)和(he)鐵(tie)路工(gong)(gong)人赤(chi)手空拳與全副武裝的(de)(de)反動軍(jun)警英勇搏斗的(de)(de)壯烈(lie)場面。座后刻有(you)(you)碑(bei)文,記述(shu)“二(er)(er)七”大罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)斗爭(zheng)中的(de)(de)英雄(xiong)事跡,碑(bei)后紀(ji)念(nian)館內還陳列有(you)(you)“二(er)(er)七”革命(ming)斗爭(zheng)史料和(he)烈(lie)士(shi)遺物,周圍繁花簇(cu)擁,青松環抱,瑰(gui)偉壯觀。
矗立在(zai)紀(ji)念館(guan)廣場中央的二(er)(er)七烈士(shi)(shi)紀(ji)念碑(bei),于1999遷建落成(cheng),中央領導(dao)尉健行同志親臨紀(ji)念館(guan)為(wei)紀(ji)念碑(bei)落成(cheng)揭幕武漢(han)二(er)(er)七紀(ji)念館(guan)建設(she)經過多(duo)年的不斷(duan)完(wan)善,已經成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)國和世界各(ge)國友好人士(shi)(shi)瞻仰二(er)(er)七革命的重要(yao)場所,中共(gong)中央宣(xuan)傳部(bu)命名為(wei)“全(quan)國愛(ai)國主義教育示范基地”。
鐵碑
鐵(tie)碑(bei)是(shi)1905年10月26日,京(jing)漢(han)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)成時,豎立(li)在黃河橋頭上的一(yi)塊紀(ji)念碑(bei)。他高1.25米,寬0.59米。分上下(xia)兩(liang)部分。上半部兩(liang)邊鑄(zhu)有(you)(you)兩(liang)龍飛(fei)舞(wu)的圖案(an)。中(zhong)間(jian)鑄(zhu)有(you)(you)“大清(qing)國鐵(tie)路(lu)總公(gong)司建(jian)造(zao)京(jing)漢(han)鐵(tie)路(lu)由比(bi)國公(gong)司助理工(gong)成之(zhi)日”和京(jing)漢(han)鐵(tie)路(lu)通車年月,及朝廷官員前(qian)來參加落(luo)成典禮人(ren)員人(ren)名(ming),碑(bei)的下(xia)半部鑄(zhu)有(you)(you)法文字樣。這(zhe)座鐵(tie)碑(bei),已成為當時帝國主義掠奪中(zhong)國筑(zhu)路(lu)權(quan)和清(qing)政(zheng)府腐敗無能喪權(quan)辱(ru)國的有(you)(you)力(li)見(jian)證。同時也是(shi)二(er)七紀(ji)念館里的一(yi)級文物和鎮館之(zhi)寶(bao)!
19世紀末。帝(di)國主義(yi)為(wei)了(le)(le)京(jing)漢鐵路的筑路權。進行了(le)(le)骯臟交易,競相角逐(zhu),最后由比利(li)時(shi)出面,法國為(wei)后臺(tai),與沙俄狼狽(bei)為(wei)奸,奪取了(le)(le)這條鐵路修(xiu)筑權和(he)管理(li)權。于1898年破土動工,1905年建(jian)成,全長1200多公(gong)里(li)。自從帝(di)國主義(yi)在中國土地上(shang)鋪上(shang)第一根(gen)鋼軌(gui)起,中國鐵路工人就受盡了(le)(le)帝(di)國主義(yi)、封建(jian)軍閥的壓(ya)迫(po)和(he)剝(bo)削(xue)。