始建于明成(cheng)化(hua)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1478年(nian)(nian)),嘉靖(jing)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1522 ~1566年(nian)(nian))間長(chang)沙太守孫復與(yu)道(dao)士李(li)可經(jing)主持加修(xiu)。隆(long)慶(qing)六年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1572年(nian)(nian))張殿元再修(xiu)。時有(you)關帝殿、玄武祖師殿、三(san)清殿三(san)進,明末毀(hui)于戰火。崇禎十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1642年(nian)(nian))重修(xiu)祖師殿。清康熙四年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1665年(nian)(nian))、嘉慶(qing)八年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1803年(nian)(nian))兩次續修(xiu)。道(dao)光十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1833年(nian)(nian))巡撫吳榮光、布政使惠豐(feng)重修(xiu)前殿。咸豐(feng)二年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1852年(nian)(nian))毀(hui)于兵亂。
清同治二年(1863),按原(yuan)格局再加以修葺,并(bing)在殿(dian)前后左(zuo)右(you)建五岳殿(dian)、天妃(fei)殿(dian),又增建宮門(men)。
進士吳獬游(you)此時為(wei)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)門題寫"對云(yun)(yun)絕頂(ding)猶(you)為(wei)麓(lu),求道(dao)安心即是宮(gong)(gong)(gong)"一聯,聯內(nei)隱"云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)道(dao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)"四字,傳為(wei)佳作。抗日(ri)戰爭期間,云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿堂、神像、碑刻遭(zao)到嚴重破壞。1946年(nian),道(dao)人鄔云(yun)(yun)開(kai)、吳明海等(deng)籌款修復。于望(wang)湘亭(ting)中增置純陽真人(呂洞賓)浮雕石像,并(bing)刻真人所著《百字銘》。亭(ting)壁掛清人黃道(dao)讓"西南云(yun)(yun)氣來衡岳,日(ri)夜江聲下洞庭"木(mu)刻楹聯。"文化大(da)革命"期間,云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)遭(zao)到嚴重破壞。現存道(dao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)房(fang)屋600平方米,部(bu)分建筑(zhu)由長沙(sha)市宗(zong)教(jiao)部(bu)門管理。長沙(sha)市道(dao)教(jiao)協會(hui)設此。云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)地處(chu)岳麓(lu)山(shan)巔,四周(zhou)古木(mu)參天(tian),景(jing)色宜人,是游(you)人品茶、談聯、觀景(jing)、歇(xie)憩之地。
云(yun)麓宮是一(yi)道觀,位于湖(hu)南省長(chang)沙(sha)市岳麓山的云(yun)麓峰頂,為道教七十二福地(di)之一(yi),建于明代。1944年被日機炸(zha)毀,1957年重建。游人到(dao)這里可(ke)領略“直(zhi)上(shang)(shang)云(yun)麓三(san)千丈,來看長(chang)沙(sha)百萬家”的壯闊景(jing)色,登上(shang)(shang)云(yun)麓宮里的望湘(xiang)樓(lou),可(ke)以看到(dao)“湘(xiang)江北去,桔子洲頭”的景(jing)象。
云麓宮最早建于1478年(nian)(nian)(明憲宗成化十四年(nian)(nian)),吉簡王朱見浚就(jiu)藩(fan)于長沙時(shi),建筑(zhu)取宮殿形(xing)制,但舊宮早已(yi)廢記(ji)。嘉靖(1522-1566)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)太守(shou)孫(sun)復命道(dao)士李可(ke)經主(zhu)持修葺,并增植(zhi)松、柏(bo)、桐、梓(zi)及篁竹千株,使觀(guan)宇周(zhou)圍風景煥然一(yi)新。隆慶(1567-1572)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),又有(you)道(dao)士金(jin)守(shou)分(fen)在(zai)這里(li)修煉(lian),由他募捐(juan)拓地,增建堂(tang)殿,改名(ming)云麓宮,筑(zhu)屋五間(jian),鑿石(shi)為柱,覆以鐵(tie)瓦(wa),以抗風雪。宮的(de)前殿為關圣(sheng)殿,中(zhong)殿祀玄(xuan)帝,名(ming)玄(xuan)武祖師殿,后殿祀“三(san)清(qing)”。道(dao)教(jiao)以玉清(qing)元始天尊(zun)、上(shang)清(qing)靈寶天尊(zun)、太清(qing)道(dao)德天尊(zun)(太上(shang)老君)為最高尊(zun)神(shen),合體三(san)清(qing),故(gu)名(ming)三(san)清(qing)殿。云麓宮由此成為道(dao)教(jiao)勝地。道(dao)家崇尚自森,倡行“無為而(er)治(zhi)”,總是選擇清(qing)靜優(you)美之處建立宮觀(guan),修身養性,采藥(yao)煉(lian)丹(dan),以求(qiu)得(de)道(dao)成仙,并將(jiang)這些地方視作神(shen)仙的(de)居所(suo),由此形(xing)成了(le)著名(ming)的(de)十大洞天、三(san)十六小洞天和七十二福(fu)地。而(er)四周(zhou)峰巒(luan)聳(song)峙(zhi)、石(shi)骨盤(pan)迂(yu)、樹竹青(qing)翠的(de)云麓宮就(jiu)是其中(zhong)的(de)第(di)二十三(san)福(fu)地——“洞真虛(xu)福(fu)地”。
清康熙(1662-1722)初年,長沙分(fen)巡道(dao)張(zhang)重新(xin)修葺了云(yun)麓宮,以后續有增建。
1862年(同治元年)于門前(qian)筑一小亭(ting),亭(ting)外又(you)增五岳(yue)、天(tian)妃(fei)二殿。以(yi)前(qian)宮(gong)門有(you)一副對聯:“古剎出層宵,看(kan)岳(yue)色平分,江流環繞;名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)勝(sheng)跡(ji),有(you)少(shao)陵寫句(ju),北海題(ti)碑。”對聯的上聯寫了云麓宮(gong)的宏(hong)偉(wei),似乎超出云霄之上,在(zai)此可以(yi)近看(kan)岳(yue)麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)色,遠眺湘(xiang)江環流;下聯描述云麓宮(gong)所(suo)在(zai)的岳(yue)麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)歷史勝(sheng)跡(ji),杜甫(fu)在(zai)這里留下了詩句(ju),李(li)邕題(ti)撰了著名(ming)碑刻。
在云(yun)麓宮(gong)內有望(wang)(wang)湘亭,亭在拜岳石上,是清道(dao)光(guang)(1821-1850)年間修建的。憑欄遠望(wang)(wang),湘江(jiang)與長(chang)沙城區盡收眼(yan)底(di),可以(yi)領略(lve)“直登云(yun)麓三干丈,來看長(chang)沙百(bai)萬家(jia)”的壯闊景色(se)(se)。云(yun)麓宮(gong)內楹聯很(hen)多,都出自名家(jia)手筆。其中清人黃(huang)道(dao)讓所(suo)題(ti)“西南云(yun)氣來衡岳,日夜江(jiang)聲下洞庭”抓住了云(yun)麓宮(gong)壯闊的特(te)色(se)(se),氣魄宏偉(wei),對仗工整,字跡道(dao)勁,素為(wei)游人喜愛和吟(yin)誦(song)。
云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)(lu)(lu)宮具有(you)的美景勝跡,吸引了無數文人(ren)墨客來此(ci)游玩題詠,可惜大多因年(nian)代(dai)久(jiu)遠(yuan),歷經戰(zhan)亂(luan)而已無法見到(dao)。古代(dai)詩詞中,現今尚能見到(dao)的有(you)明(ming)末清(qing)初長沙人(ren)廖元度的《宿云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)(lu)(lu)宮》,詩云(yun)(yun):“林深宵空重,一梳(shu)對燈青(qing)。月(yue)(yue)色(se)如秋瘦(shou),蟲聲(sheng)觸夢醒(xing)”。抒(shu)發了作者在(zai)朝代(dai)更迭的亂(luan)世,無家可歸寄居(ju)廟觀,夜(ye)晚寂寞獨對孤(gu)燈,痛惜國亡(wang)家破(po)的情感(gan)。清(qing)代(dai)還有(you)一首由(you)岳(yue)麓(lu)(lu)(lu)書院(yuan)肄業生、溆浦人(ren)嚴正基所撰的《夜(ye)登(deng)云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)(lu)(lu)宮》:“云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)(lu)(lu)峰巔(dian)足眠,征衫擾帶(dai)五溪煙。當頭華月(yue)(yue)三千里,彈指東風念(nian)四年(nian)。螟色(se)暗投游屐外,松濤請到(dao)杵鐘(zhong)邊(bian)。故園計買青(qing)山宅,便(bian)與人(ren)間(jian)作散仙。”
詩中除(chu)描(miao)寫了(le)云(yun)麓宮(gong)所在(zai)(zai)山峰的險峻(jun)、視(shi)野(ye)的遼闊和月光、松濤等自(zi)然景色外,還聯(lian)系到云(yun)麓宮(gong)是道教(jiao)名觀,表達了(le)詩人想在(zai)(zai)此(ci)買(mai)宅居住,以作(zuo)人間(jian)神仙的愿望(wang)。這也是眾多游人到云(yun)麓宮(gong)后都(dou)會產生的聯(lian)想。
著名(ming)道觀。建于岳(yue)麓(lu)(lu)山頂(ding)(ding)的云麓(lu)(lu)峰(feng),原為(wei)(wei)道家二(er)十(shi)(shi)三洞(dong)真(zhen)虛福(fu)地。明吉簡王倡道,于明成化十(shi)(shi)四年(147)就藩長沙(sha)時所建。明嘉靖年間(jian)(15221566),長沙(sha)太(tai)守(shou)孫復,令道人李可(ke)(ke)經(jing)修葺,增植松柏、桐梓、筱篁千株。隆(long)慶(qing)間(jian),道士金守(shou)分在此禁足修煉,“冶鐵為(wei)(wei)瓦,鑿石(shi)為(wei)(wei)柱”,募建宮(gong)殿(dian),前(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)關帝殿(dian),中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)玄武祖師(shi)殿(dian),后(hou)為(wei)(wei)三清殿(dian),鐵瓦石(shi)柱,兩(liang)廂丹房,命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“云麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)”。康熙時重修,咸豐初毀于兵(bing)燹(xian),同(tong)治(zhi)二(er)年(1863)武當(dang)山道士向教輝重建并增建五岳(yue)、天妃二(er)殿(dian)。宮(gong)內二(er)進為(wei)(wei)望湘亭,宮(gong)后(hou)有(you)法華塔。1944年云麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)大部毀于日寇轟(hong)炸。長沙(sha)解放后(hou),于1956年在原址新建二(er)層重檐(yan)歇山頂(ding)(ding)閣(ge)樓一座,名(ming)望湘閣(ge)。游(you)人至(zhi)此,可(ke)(ke)領(ling)略(lve)“直上(shang)云麓(lu)(lu)三千丈,來(lai)看長沙(sha)百萬(wan)家”的壯闊景色。登閣(ge)憑欄(lan)遠眺,南(nan)可(ke)(ke)望衡(heng)(heng)山,北(bei)可(ke)(ke)瞻洞(dong)庭,俯(fu)可(ke)(ke)視(shi)“湘江北(bei)去,橘(ju)子(zi)洲頭”。宮(gong)內有(you)清人黃(huang)道讓:“西南(nan)云氣來(lai)衡(heng)(heng)岳(yue),日夜江聲下洞(dong)庭”楹聯。宮(gong)后(hou)坪中(zhong)豎一石(shi)碑(bei),高2米(mi),碑(bei)正面刻“麓(lu)(lu)峰(feng)鞏寺(si)”,碑(bei)陰刻竣(jun)工記事。云麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)前(qian)(qian)有(you)拜(bai)(bai)岳(yue)石(shi),又名(ming)飛來(lai)石(shi),石(shi)方丈余,因其可(ke)(ke)瞻望衡(heng)(heng)岳(yue)而(er)拜(bai)(bai),故(gu)名(ming)拜(bai)(bai)岳(yue)石(shi)。近(jin)處(chu)古樹杈(cha)中(zhong)有(you)鐘(zhong),鐘(zhong)上(shang)銘文為(wei)(wei)明萬(wan)歷四年造,經(jing)風霜雨雪而(er)無(wu)銹,道人作息時鳴(ming)鐘(zhong),其聲激(ji)越清揚(yang),偶聽之(zhi)如同(tong)“歸來(lai)”之(zhi)音,故(gu)又名(ming)“歸來(lai)鐘(zhong)”。
云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)(gong)于明(ming)朝(chao)成化(hua)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1478年(nian)(nian))吉(ji)簡王朱見浚就藩長沙所(suo)建(jian)。取武(wu)(wu)當山道(dao)觀的宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)建(jian)筑(zhu)形制(zhi),名(ming)(ming)曰洞真觀,舊宮(gong)(gong)(gong)早已廢(fei)圮(pi)。明(ming)嘉靖(1522年(nian)(nian)-1566年(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)間太守孫復命道(dao)士李可經重修(xiu),并增植(zhi)松、柏、桐(tong)、梓及篁竹(zhu)千株,使觀宇周圍風景煥然一新。隆慶(1567年(nian)(nian)-1572年(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)間道(dao)士金(jin)守分(fen)在(zai)山禁足修(xiu)道(dao),有殿(dian)元張陽(yang)和慕名(ming)(ming)拜訪,因敬(jing)金(jin)守分(fen)道(dao)人玄機奧義,識度弘深,乃協力倡修(xiu)云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。由其募(mu)捐拓地,增建(jian)堂殿(dian),改名(ming)(ming)云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)(gong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)殿(dian)為關(guan)圣殿(dian),中殿(dian)祀玄帝,名(ming)(ming)玄武(wu)(wu)祖師殿(dian),后(hou)殿(dian)祀“三清”。明(ming)末,云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)(gong)兩度毀于兵燹。
清康熙(1662年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1722年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),長(chang)沙分巡道(dao)張睿(rui)修葺云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)。乾(qian)隆年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1736年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1795年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))構殿(dian)五(wu)間,其后為三(san)清殿(dian),冶鐵為瓦(wa),立石為柱。咸豐二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1852年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))毀于兵(bing)災。清道(dao)光(1821年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1850年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間在(zai)云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)內建有(you)望(wang)湘亭(ting),亭(ting)在(zai)拜岳石上供游人(ren)憑欄遠(yuan)眺湘江與長(chang)沙城。同(tong)治(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)于門前筑(zhu)一小亭(ting),亭(ting)外(wai)又(you)增(zeng)五(wu)岳、天妃二(er)殿(dian),又(you)增(zeng)建宮(gong)(gong)門。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)武(wu)當山太和宮(gong)(gong)道(dao)士(shi)向(xiang)教輝來云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)主教事(shi),集道(dao)友慕(mu)化捐資,按(an)昔日規模重(zhong)葺道(dao)宮(gong)(gong)。
1944年(nian)抗日戰爭(zheng)期間為日軍(jun)飛機(ji)炸毀(hui),云(yun)麓宮(gong)殿堂、神像、碑刻遭到(dao)嚴重破壞。1946年(nian),道人(ren)鄔云(yun)開、吳明海等(deng)籌(chou)款修復。于望湘(xiang)亭中增置純陽真人(ren)呂洞(dong)賓浮雕石像,并刻真人(ren)所(suo)著《百字銘》。建靈宮(gong)殿在(zai)今(jin)飛來(lai)石處(chu)(chu),建清虛宮(gong)在(zai)今(jin)歸來(lai)鐘(zhong)處(chu)(chu),均已毀(hui)。
中華人(ren)民共和國成立后(hou)云麓宮(gong)于1957年(nian)(nian)重修。1966年(nian)(nian)文(wen)革期間云麓宮(gong)遭到(dao)嚴重破壞。1976年(nian)(nian)修葺臨倒塌的關(guan)帝(di)殿(dian)時,在原(yuan)址上建(jian)長(chang)方形兩層樓(lou)閣(ge),東向(xiang)城廓(kuo),供(gong)(gong)游人(ren)登(deng)臨覽勝。后(hou)殿(dian)及宮(gong)右呂祖(zu)殿(dian)均作(zuo)茶室,供(gong)(gong)游人(ren)憩息品茗。宮(gong)左后(hou)方,拓坪數百平方米,并砌建(jian)曲廊。二十一世(shi)紀初在望江閣(ge)樓(lou)上豎(shu)(shu)呂祖(zu)像(xiang),按規(gui)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)龕,前廳(ting)堅關(guan)帝(di)像(xiang)。三清殿(dian)按道家(jia)規(gui)制(zhi)(zhi)豎(shu)(shu)像(xiang)三尊。云麓宮(gong)左豎(shu)(shu)有漢白(bai)玉(yu)《麓山(shan)樹鐙記(ji)碑(bei)》,旁豎(shu)(shu)《麓山(shan)鞏峙峙碑(bei)》,碑(bei)陰為“光(guang)聯翼軫”。原(yuan)有天燈(deng)樹,已廢。
乘(cheng)坐63、106、132、202、305、309、315、318、325、908、立珊線(xian)、旅(lv)1路等公交車(che)在(zai)市(shi)四(si)醫院站下車(che),從東(dong)大門進入;或乘(cheng)63、106、132、202、305、902、立珊專線(xian)、旅(lv)1、旅(lv)3線(xian)在(zai)岳麓(lu)山南站下車(che),從南大門進入。