石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)是(shi)自然界中分(fen)布很廣的(de)一種巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)的(de)主要成分(fen)是(shi)碳(tan)酸鈣，在(zai)陶瓷中主要用作高溫釉的(de)助(zhu)熔劑。我(wo)國歷代(dai)名窯所(suo)創制的(de)千百個不同品種的(de)高溫釉都離(li)不開(kai)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大量(liang)用做建筑材料，也是許多工業的重(zhong)要(yao)原料。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可直(zhi)接加(jia)(jia)工成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料和(he)燒(shao)制成(cheng)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)。生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)吸潮或加(jia)(jia)水(shui)就成(cheng)為(wei)熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)經調配成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)膏等，用作涂裝材料和(he)磚瓦粘合(he)劑。水(shui)泥是由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)粘土等混合(he)，經高(gao)溫煅燒(shao)制得(de)。玻璃由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂、純堿等混合(he)，經高(gao)溫熔融制得(de)。

煉鐵用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)作熔劑，除去脈石(shi)(shi)。煉鋼用(yong)生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)做造渣材(cai)料，除去硫、磷等有害(hai)雜(za)質。

電石(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)與焦炭在(zai)電爐里反(fan)應制得。純堿是(shi)用石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、食(shi)鹽、氨等原(yuan)料經過多步反(fan)應制得。利用消石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和(he)純堿反(fan)應制成(cheng)燒堿。利用純凈的(de)(de)消石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和(he)氯(lv)(lv)氣反(fan)應制得漂(piao)白的(de)(de)。利用石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)化學(xue)加工制成(cheng)氯(lv)(lv)化鈣、硝酸鈣、亞硫(liu)酸鈣等重要鈣鹽等。

生石灰(hui)(hui)用作干燥劑(ji)和消毒劑(ji)。農業上，用生石灰(hui)(hui)配(pei)制(zhi)石灰(hui)(hui)硫黃合劑(ji)、波(bo)爾多(duo)液(ye)等農藥。土壤中施用熟石灰(hui)(hui)可中和土壤的酸性、改善土壤的結構、供給植物(wu)所需的鈣素。用石灰(hui)(hui)漿刷樹干，可保護樹木。