芒果视频

黃草壩上的黃草

興義，原名黃(huang)(huang)草(cao)壩（金釵石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)），因盛(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黃(huang)(huang)草(cao)而(er)得名。解放前(qian)，興義市石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)收購(gou)的最(zui)高年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達(da)35擔（每(mei)擔約50kg）。黃(huang)(huang)草(cao)，在植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)分類(lei)學上屬于蘭科石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬是蘭科植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的一個大家族，全世界約產(chan)(chan)(chan)1000種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，廣(guang)泛分布于亞(ya)(ya)洲(zhou)熱(re)帶(dai)和亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)地區(qu)至(zhi)大洋(yang)洲(zhou)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國產(chan)(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)75種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主產(chan)(chan)(chan)秦嶺以(yi)南諸(zhu)省(sheng)區(qu)，尤以(yi)云南南部種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)最(zui)多。貴州省(sheng)經過(guo)多年(nian)的調查研究統計，全省(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，黔西南產(chan)(chan)(chan)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，興義市產(chan)(chan)(chan)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)上，分別是細(xi)葉石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、羅河(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、疊鞘石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、流蘇石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、束花石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、紫瓣(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、美花石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、齒(chi)瓣(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、兜唇石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、玫瑰(gui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鐵皮石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、盤(pan)江石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鉤狀石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、勐海石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、重(zhong)唇石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、細(xi)莖石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)按照莖的粗細(xi)不同被加工成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥材后，民(min)間常分為大黃(huang)(huang)草(cao)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)草(cao)和小黃(huang)(huang)草(cao)，每(mei)一類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。

解(jie)放(fang)后，1951年(nian)收購(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)黃草(cao)(cao)(cao)達30多擔，1964年(nian)上升到50多擔，“文化(hua)大革(ge)命”期間年(nian)收購(gou)(gou)量為(wei)20多擔。在(zai)二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)的(de)(de)六、七十(shi)年(nian)代，據(ju)有(you)關(guan)人士介紹興義(yi)的(de)(de)石斛(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)隨(sui)處可見，到二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)年(nian)代石斛(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)在(zai)自然界(jie)中仍然可以找到，并(bing)有(you)初步的(de)(de)人工栽培(pei)，進(jin)入二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)年(nian)代后期，由于石斛(hu)用途的(de)(de)拓(tuo)展，新藥(yao)的(de)(de)開發(fa)，石斛(hu)的(de)(de)市場(chang)需求(qiu)量加大，各地均在(zai)市場(chang)經濟的(de)(de)沖(chong)擊下(xia)進(jin)行大量收購(gou)(gou)，由于帶兜采(cai)集等不合理的(de)(de)采(cai)收方(fang)式，野生(sheng)石斛(hu)資(zi)源急(ji)劇下(xia)降，造成資(zi)源快(kuai)速瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)，首先(xian)是黑節(jie)草(cao)(cao)(cao)（鐵皮石斛(hu)）告急(ji)，其次是金釵石斛(hu)（石斛(hu)）在(zai)興義(yi)消失(shi)蹤跡，再(zai)就是小黃草(cao)(cao)(cao)（美花(hua)石斛(hu)、粉花(hua)石斛(hu)）罕見。黃草(cao)(cao)(cao)原植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)一種(zhong)(zhong)一種(zhong)(zhong)地變為(wei)瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)，以至被列入國際瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)（禁止貿易(yi)）的(de)(de)名單及“國家重點保護野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)名錄”中。