一.產品介紹
安縣(xian)魔芋(yu)(yu)種(zhong)植歷史悠久,有(you)歷史文(wen)獻記(ji)載始見于明末清初(chu)(縣(xian)志記(ji)載):“安縣(xian)魔芋(yu)(yu),種(zhong)屬花(hua)魔芋(yu)(yu),性寒(han)、味辛、塊莖入(ru)藥(yao),有(you)解毒(du)、消腫(zhong)、化痰、散結、行淤等(deng)功(gong)效。常用作治療(liao)咳嗽、疝氣、乳(ru)痛、瘰疬、燒傷等(deng)。久煎內服兼有(you)健(jian)胃、消化之(zhi)作用”。成(cheng)規(gui)模(mo)種(zhong)植與加工始于80年(nian)代初(chu) 。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因(yin)素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌(mao)情況:安縣呈山(shan)、丘、壩(ba)三(san)種地貌(mao)。縣境內中(zhong)低山(shan)、沿山(shan)和丘陵的幅員面(mian)(mian)積占全縣總面(mian)(mian)積的70%,產區處(chu)于(yu)落葉樹秋區和稀林復耕(geng)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang),以暗棕壤(rang)(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)、綜壤(rang)(rang)為主(zhu)。產區海拔800~1200m,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH值(zhi)6.5—7.5,酸(suan)堿適中(zhong),水(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)60%-72%,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)地疏松,通透性好,耕(geng)作層深(shen)厚,平均深(shen)度(du)0.55米,經過常(chang)年落葉并腐爛,增(zeng)施堆肥,養分(fen)含量(liang)高,有機質(zhi)含量(liang)達到1.82%,適宜魔(mo)芋(yu)生長。
(2)水(shui)文情(qing)況:安縣境(jing)內有(you)安昌(chang)、雎水(shui)、白溪、秀(xiu)水(shui)等4條(tiao)河流(liu),匯集溪流(liu)116條(tiao),年(nian)平均(jun)地(di)(di)表徑流(liu)總量13.47億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),地(di)(di)下徑流(liu)3.19億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),年(nian)人(ren)均(jun)有(you)水(shui)3280立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),為(wei)四川省富水(shui)地(di)(di)區之(zhi)一(yi)。
(3)氣(qi)候情(qing)況:安(an)縣屬中亞熱帶濕潤季風氣(qi)候區,光、熱、水資源豐富,全(quan)年(nian)氣(qi)候溫(wen)和,雨量充(chong)沛,日(ri)照(zhao)充(chong)足,四季分明(ming),無(wu)霜期長。年(nian)平(ping)均溫(wen)度16.3℃,≥10℃活動積溫(wen)5354.4℃,年(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數1058.7h,年(nian)平(ping)均降水量為 1261mm,且雨熱同季,無(wu)霜期273.3天,是(shi)魔芋(yu)生長的理想(xiang)環境。安(an)縣魔芋(yu)產(chan)區是(shi)魔芋(yu)生長的最適宜區,與(yu)其他產(chan)區相比(bi)有明(ming)顯優勢。
(4)人文歷(li)史情(qing)況:安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)來盛產(chan)(chan)(chan)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),具有得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)域優勢,是全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)知名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)區、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)初加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)及精(jing)粉集散地(di),也(ye)是全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)八大(da)“魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)重(zhong)(zhong)點縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),被(bei)列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精(jing)粉加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)銷(xiao)量占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)銷(xiao)售量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25%,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)往日本、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)及歐(ou)美各國(guo)(guo)(guo)。 “魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”這個(ge)名字(zi)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)來自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。古(gu)傳(chuan)(chuan)麻(ma)婆娘娘路經安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)千佛山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老虎(hu)埡,只見漫(man)山遍(bian)野躺著不(bu)少(shao)口吐白沫、渾身抽搐(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓,于(yu)是把(ba)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)土地(di)爺叫來,詢問后(hou)才知這里(li)百(bai)姓多年(nian)饑(ji)荒,饑(ji)不(bu)擇食(shi)(shi)(shi)吃下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼撒下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)口舌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)色果毒(du)性(xing)發(fa)作(zuo),這些黑(hei)色果貌(mao)似芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou),因此(ci)被(bei)稱(cheng)做(zuo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或鬼芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需添加(jia)(jia)灶(zao)灰(hui)炮(pao)制熟透后(hou)才能食(shi)(shi)(shi)用,麻(ma)婆娘娘即(ji)抓來魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼,在(zai)老虎(hu)埡上壘(lei)起七星灶(zao),把(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼燒成灶(zao)灰(hui)用以烹煮(zhu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),煮(zhu)制后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)僅無毒(du)且口感極佳,解了(le)(le)(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)百(bai)姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)饑(ji)荒,百(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念(nian)麻(ma)婆娘娘功績(ji),尊稱(cheng)其為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伙(huo)夫娘娘,并在(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)修建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)座“伙(huo)夫寺”(安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)尚(shang)保存完好(hao)(hao)(hao)),迎(ying)接伙(huo)夫娘娘回大(da)地(di)省親,后(hou)世有詩為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)證:“伙(huo)夫一(yi)手好(hao)(hao)(hao)茶飯,驅魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)濟世天下(xia)安(an)(an)(an)”,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這個(ge)名稱(cheng)由(you)此(ci)延續至今(jin)。 安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)具有獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保健功效(xiao)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)漢魏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)稱(cheng)“翡”,雅稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“芳翡”,具有多種(zhong)防病保健功用,據《本草綱目》記載(zai)2000 多年(nian)前(qian)我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先就(jiu)已經用魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來治病了(le)(le)(le)。安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)含有多種(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸、礦物質、微量元(yuan)素和(he)(he)纖維等,每(mei)日用精(jing)粉兌蜂蜜加(jia)(jia)水直接飲用,對防治結腸癌(ai)(ai)、乳(ru)腺癌(ai)(ai)有特(te)效(xiao);其低熱、低脂、低糖(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)預防和(he)(he)治療肥胖癥、高(gao)血壓、糖(tang)尿病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保健食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)。 安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃法是做(zuo)成魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆腐,清代才子(zi)李調元(yuan)和(he)(he)當(dang)(dang)(dang)代作(zuo)家沙(sha)汀(ting)都(dou)曾以此(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)品(pin)酒佳肴而文如涌泉(quan)。由(you)于(yu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淀(dian)粉膨脹力強,一(yi)公斤鮮芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)做(zuo)五公斤豆腐,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆腐灰(hui)白光鮮,手感細膩,富有彈性(xing),塊(kuai)片丁絲(si)均(jun)可(ke)(ke),烹炒燉拌都(dou)行(xing),是地(di)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)川(chuan)菜原料。四川(chuan)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人馬杰就(jiu)以家鄉安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原料,編著了(le)(le)(le)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)菜譜》一(yi)書,書中(zhong)共介紹了(le)(le)(le)香(xiang)菇燒魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu) 、麻(ma)辣魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆腐、魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燒鴨(ya) 、鐵板豆腐等100多種(zhong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)菜譜,促進了(le)(le)(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)消費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多元(yuan)化,目前(qian)中(zhong)外都(dou)盛行(xing)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)。 “5.12”大(da)地(di)震時(shi),安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茶坪、高(gao)川(chuan)兩鄉與(yu)外界隔絕,食(shi)(shi)(shi)物無法運進,災民就(jiu)地(di)取材,以魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煮(zhu)熟充饑(ji)得以幸存。溫(wen)家寶總理來安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)調查了(le)(le)(le)解地(di)震災情(qing)時(shi),親切接見了(le)(le)(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)植大(da)戶,并鼓勵他(ta)們發(fa)展好(hao)(hao)(hao)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保護好(hao)(hao)(hao)這一(yi)特(te)色地(di)方產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),積(ji)極推動災區重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian),將魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)優勢農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化重(zhong)(zhong)點重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)項(xiang)(xiang)目,積(ji)極組建(jian)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)協會、規范(fan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)秩序、擴(kuo)大(da)基(ji)地(di)面積(ji)、提高(gao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)能力,把(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)與(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)地(di)農(nong)(nong)戶致富增收和(he)(he)新農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐項(xiang)(xiang)目。
三.地域范圍
安縣(xian)(xian)地(di)處四川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)西(xi)北邊緣,龍門山(shan)脈(mo)中段(duan),與成(cheng)都平原接(jie)壤,地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)104°11′—104°38′,北緯31°37′—31°47′。北與北川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,西(xi)北與茂縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,東(dong)與江油市相(xiang)鄰,南連羅江縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)接(jie)綿竹市,東(dong)南與涪城區(qu)相(xiang)鄰。安縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)芋保護(hu)范圍為安縣(xian)(xian)轄區(qu)的茶坪鄉、高川(chuan)鄉、桑棗鎮(zhen)、曉壩鎮(zhen)、雎水(shui)鎮(zhen)、沸水(shui)鎮(zhen)、秀水(shui)鎮(zhen)、黃土鎮(zhen)、樂興鎮(zhen)共9個鄉鎮(zhen)90個村,保護(hu)面(mian)積3850公頃,年(nian)均(jun)產(chan)量(liang)53900噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官特(te)征: 安(an)縣魔芋(yu)(yu)鮮芋(yu)(yu)表(biao)皮(pi)上半部呈暗褐色(se)(se),下(xia)半部呈淺(qian)棕色(se)(se)或(huo)肉(rou)色(se)(se),平滑飽滿(man),皮(pi)薄肉(rou)厚,質嫩(nen)呈乳白(bai)色(se)(se),切開(kai)后有粘液。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標:安(an)縣(xian)魔芋(yu)(yu)生長環境處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)最適(shi)生長區,優(you)勢十(shi)分明顯(xian)。因此,魔芋(yu)(yu)中的(de)(de)(de)干物(wu)質與葡(pu)甘聚糖(tang)等重要指標明顯(xian)優(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)區,其(qi)中, 安(an)縣(xian)魔芋(yu)(yu)干物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(總量(liang)(liang)1-水分含(han)量(liang)(liang)而得)≥15.0%,明顯(xian)優(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)區的(de)(de)(de)12.6~14.5%;安(an)縣(xian)魔芋(yu)(yu)葡(pu)甘聚糖(tang)在(zai)干物(wu)質中的(de)(de)(de)比例(鮮(xian)樣(yang)中葡(pu)甘聚糖(tang)含(han)量(liang)(liang)÷干物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)(liang))≥55.0%,明顯(xian)優(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)區的(de)(de)(de)52.5~55.0%。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu):保(bao)護環(huan)(huan)境使基地(di)符合農業部生(sheng)產(chan)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)魔芋生(sheng)產(chan)條件,環(huan)(huan)境質量(liang)達到NY5010—2002《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品蔬菜產(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件》標(biao)準,產(chan)品質量(liang)參(can)照NY5221—2005《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品薯芋類蔬菜》標(biao)準執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。建立(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護制度,嚴格控制在(zai)基地(di)周邊(bian)3公(gong)(gong)(gong)里內建有污染(ran)的(de)工礦企業,防止工業“三(san)廢”污染(ran)基地(di);設立(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護標(biao)志牌,標(biao)志范圍(wei)內的(de)畜禽(qin)養殖場糞(fen)水要(yao)經(jing)過無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)化處(chu)理,施用的(de)農家肥(fei)經(jing)過發(fa)酵腐(fu)爛,確保(bao)無(wu)(wu)害(hai)(hai);農藥、肥(fei)料使用執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)有關準則(ze)或(huo)規范。