大荔(li)花生是(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)省久(jiu)負盛(sheng)名的(de)特產(chan),主產(chan)于陜(shan)西(xi)關(guan)中平(ping)原東部(bu)的(de)大荔(li)縣一帶。
以莢(jia)果(guo)碩大,籽仁飽滿,果(guo)皮潔白;色澤鮮艷,香脆可口,出油率高(gao),營(ying)養(yang)豐富(fu),宜(yi)于貯存,品質優良等特點(dian)而著稱。可與(yu)山東(dong)大花生、鄭州花生相(xiang)媲(pi)美(mei)。
大荔花生
“麻屋子,紅帳(zhang)子,里面睡(shui)著(zhu)白胖子”。這(zhe)一(yi)則打“花生(sheng)(sheng)”的謎(mi)語,把花生(sheng)(sheng)的形象(xiang),比喻(yu)得十(shi)分生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)有趣。
大荔花生是(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省久(jiu)負盛名的特產,主(zhu)產于(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)關中平原東(dong)部(bu)的大荔縣(xian)一帶(dai)。《大荔縣(xian)志(zhi)稿》記載:“南鄉沙(sha)苑(yuan),橫亙商阜,低灘隙(xi)地(di)(di)無幾(ji),加以(yi)風(feng)沙(sha)飛走(zou),地(di)(di)力(li)薄弱,不善五(wu)谷。光緒初,邑宰(zai)倡鑿井、各(ge)村頗遵(zun)行之(zhi)。然沙(sha)苑(yuan)地(di)(di)狹風(feng)多麥粟終寡(gua);其所產則金(jin)針(zhen);落(luo)花生、紅茹等(deng)”。它以(yi)莢(jia)果(guo)碩大,籽(zi)仁飽滿,果(guo)皮潔白;色(se)澤鮮艷,香脆可(ke)(ke)口,出油率高,營養豐富,宜于(yu)貯(zhu)存,品質優良等(deng)特點而著稱(cheng)于(yu)世。可(ke)(ke)與全(quan)國著名的山東(dong)大花生、鄭州花生相媲美,是(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)重要的內銷和出口商品。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)重要的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)料作物,也是(shi)群(qun)眾(zhong)喜愛(ai)的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)果,是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們健(jian)身增(zeng)壽的(de)(de)(de)食療保健(jian)佳品(pin)。它和(he)(he)大豆(dou)一樣被人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們譽為“植(zhi)物肉(rou)”。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)口(kou),而且(qie)(qie)營養價(jia)值高,在(zai)國外有(you)“綠(lv)色牛奶”之(zhi)稱。其花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)含(han)(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)24%~36%,脂(zhi)肪44%~54%,油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量46.5%~52.3%,亞(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)27.5%~34.32%,油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)與(yu)(yu)亞(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)比(bi)(bi)值為1.29~1.85。并(bing)(bing)含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)必需的(de)(de)(de)8種氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)C、E、B,以(yi)及鈣、鉀(jia)、磷、鎂、硫、鐵等無機(ji)營養成(cheng)分。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)不含(han)(han)(han)(han)芥酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),含(han)(han)(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)必需而又從動(dong)物脂(zhi)肪里得不到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),且(qie)(qie)占油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)量的(de)(de)(de)18%~45%,比(bi)(bi)菜(cai)籽油(you)(you)(you)(you)高1~3倍。經(jing)常食用花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)和(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you),可(ke)(ke)降低(di)血壓,有(you)利(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)機(ji)能(neng)活(huo)(huo)動(dong),防止肝硬化(hua)和(he)(he)其它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理疾病(bing)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)所含(han)(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)豐富實出人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)意料。據專家分析,以(yi)同等重量計算,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所含(han)(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)竟然比(bi)(bi)牛排(pai)、火腿還要多(duo)哩!而且(qie)(qie)是(shi)一種優質(zhi)(zhi)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai),和(he)(he)雞(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)仿(fang)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)必需的(de)(de)(de)8種氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)齊全,特別是(shi)谷氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)天門冬(dong)氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量較高,對(dui)促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)腦細胞發(fa)(fa)育(yu)和(he)(he)增(zeng)加(jia)記(ji)憶力都有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)作用。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)與(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)組(zu)成(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)近,極易被人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)吸收,而不含(han)(han)(han)(han)膽固醇(chun)。如果將常用食物蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物學價(jia)值進行比(bi)(bi)較,在(zai)植(zhi)物蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)中,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)名列(lie)前茅。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E,維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E又稱生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)酚(fen),對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)正常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)有(you)重要保護功(gong)能(neng),促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖功(gong)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)高蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)、低(di)糖類、易消化(hua)食品(pin)。因此(ci),對(dui)老年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)可(ke)(ke)延年(nian)益(yi)壽,使青年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)更加(jia)朝氣蓬勃,促(cu)進兒童智力發(fa)(fa)育(yu)和(he)(he)健(jian)康成(cheng)長(chang)(chang),并(bing)(bing)且(qie)(qie)是(shi)病(bing)弱者的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳食品(pin)。所以(yi),民(min)間很早就有(you)“長(chang)(chang)壽果”、“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)果”的(de)(de)(de)美名。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)經濟價(jia)值高,用途廣。除食(shi)(shi)用、榨油(you)外,還是重(zhong)要的(de)食(shi)(shi)品加工(gong)原料,如五香花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)米、油(you)炸花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)蛋白(bai)(bai)粉、蛋白(bai)(bai)肉(rou)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)醬、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)罐頭、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)粘、糖果、糕點等花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)(shi)品。大荔縣十(shi)(shi)多(duo)家(jia)食(shi)(shi)品加工(gong)廠,還生(sheng)(sheng)產花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)酥糕、雪花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、琥(hu)珀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、可可花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、人壽果等十(shi)(shi)多(duo)種花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)系列產品,深受人們歡迎。吃起來滿口生(sheng)(sheng)香,回味無窮,逢年過節,用來招待客人,或饋贈(zeng)親友,極為(wei)適宜。
花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)還有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)價值。其仁、種(zhong)皮(pi)(紅外(wai)衣(yi))、果(guo)殼、莖、葉(xie)、油(you),均(jun)可(ke)入藥(yao)。花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)具有(you)滋養、潤(run)肺(fei),和胃的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。對肺(fei)燥(zao)干咳、小(xiao)兒百日咳、高血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓、內(nei)臟出(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、蟲積(ji)(ji)腹痛、婦女(nv)產后缺乳等(deng)疾病(bing),均(jun)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)療(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。祖國醫學早(zao)有(you)記載。據《本(ben)草備要》、《滇(dian)南本(ben)草》、《藥(yao)性考》等(deng)醫書記述(shu):花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)米有(you)“補脾潤(run)肺(fei)”、“補中益氣”、“開(kai)胃醒脾”的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。還能(neng)“治腳氣及婦人乳汁缺乏”、“鹽水煮食(shi)治肺(fei)癆,炒用(yong)燥(zao)火行(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue),治一切腹內(nei)冷積(ji)(ji)肚痛”。現代醫學證(zheng)實(shi)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)米的(de)(de)(de)紅外(wai)衣(yi),能(neng)抑制纖(xian)維(wei)蛋白的(de)(de)(de)溶解,促進骨髓制造血(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板,加強毛細血(xue)(xue)(xue)管的(de)(de)(de)收縮機能(neng),對各種(zhong)出(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)性疾病(bing),不但(dan)有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)作用(yong),且對原(yuan)發病(bing)有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)療(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。用(yong)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)衣(yi)制成的(de)(de)(de)成藥(yao)“血(xue)(xue)(xue)寧片”,對治療(liao)(liao)出(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)癥有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)。花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)可(ke)治蛔蟲性腸(chang)梗阻(zu)、腸(chang)炎(yan)。花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殼對久咳久喘、咳痰帶(dai)血(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)癥,也有(you)一定療(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)還可(ke)治療(liao)(liao)神經衰弱、失眠等(deng)癥。