一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么

剩余電(dian)流動作(zuo)保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)是具有漏電(dian)保(bao)(bao)護功能的(de)(de)開關(guan)設備，IEC標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)定名為剩余電(dian)流動作(zuo)保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，縮寫為RCD，我國標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)準(zhun)(zhun)將(jiang)其明(ming)確為當電(dian)氣線路和電(dian)氣設備發(fa)生單相接地(di)故障時，利用那這個剩余電(dian)流來(lai)動作(zuo)切斷故障線路和電(dian)氣設備電(dian)源的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器，發生電(dian)(dian)擊(ji)時，電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)平衡，總電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)為零，線圈產生磁(ci)場拉(la)動(dong)觸點動(dong)作，分(fen)開電(dian)(dian)源。

二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些

1、根據動作方式分：

（1）電磁式(shi)剩余電流(liu)保護器

零(ling)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)的二次回路輸出電(dian)(dian)壓不經任何放大，直接激(ji)勵剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)脫扣(kou)器(qi)，稱為電(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護器(qi)，其動作功能與線路電(dian)(dian)壓無(wu)關。

（2）電子式剩余電流(liu)保護器

零序電(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)的二次回(hui)路(lu)和脫扣器(qi)之間接入(ru)一個電(dian)子放大(da)(da)線路(lu)，互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)二次回(hui)路(lu)的輸出電(dian)壓經過電(dian)子線路(lu)放大(da)(da)后再激勵剩余(yu)電(dian)流脫扣器(qi)，稱為電(dian)子式剩余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護器(qi)，其動作功能(neng)與線路(lu)電(dian)壓有關。

2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分：

（1）剩余電流斷(duan)路器

剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)是檢測剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)，將剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)與基準值(zhi)(zhi)相比較(jiao)，當剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)超過基準值(zhi)(zhi)時，使(shi)主電(dian)路(lu)觸(chu)頭斷開的機械(xie)開關電(dian)器(qi)(qi)。剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)帶(dai)有(you)(you)過載和(he)短路(lu)保(bao)護，有(you)(you)的剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)還(huan)可帶(dai)有(you)(you)過電(dian)壓保(bao)護。

（2）剩(sheng)余電流繼電器(qi)

剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是檢(jian)測剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，將剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)與基準(zhun)值(zhi)相比較(jiao)，當剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)超過基準(zhun)值(zhi)時(shi)，發(fa)出一個機械開閉(bi)信(xin)號使(shi)機械開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器脫扣或聲光報(bao)警(jing)裝置發(fa)出報(bao)警(jing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器常(chang)和交(jiao)流接觸器或低壓斷路器組(zu)成剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流保(bao)護器，作為(wei)農村(cun)低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)總保(bao)護開關或分支保(bao)護開關使(shi)用。

（3）移動式剩余(yu)電流保(bao)護器

移動(dong)式剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)是由插(cha)頭、剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)裝置和插(cha)座或接線裝置組成的電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它包括(kuo)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)插(cha)頭、移動(dong)式剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)插(cha)座、剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)插(cha)頭插(cha)座轉換器(qi)(qi)等，用來對(dui)移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)設備提供漏電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)。

（4）固定安裝的剩余電流保護(hu)插座(zuo)

由固(gu)定式插(cha)座和剩余電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置組成的電(dian)器(qi)，也可對(dui)移動電(dian)器(qi)設備提(ti)供漏電(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分：

（1）專(zhuan)業人員使用的剩余電流保護器(qi)

這種剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般(ban)額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比較大(da)，作(zuo)為配電(dian)(dian)裝置中主干線或分(fen)支線的保(bao)護(hu)開關(guan)用(yong)，發生故障(zhang)影響范圍比較大(da)，要求由專業人員來安裝、使用(yong)和(he)維護(hu)。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和(he)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷路器(qi)(qi)屬于這種形式(shi)的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)。

（2）家用和(he)類(lei)似用途的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流保護(hu)器

用(yong)于(yu)商用(yong)、辦公樓(lou)及城鄉(xiang)居民住宅等建(jian)筑物中的(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護器，一般額定電(dian)流(liu)比較小，作為終端電(dian)氣線路(lu)的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置，適合(he)于(yu)非專業人員使用(yong)。主要是家用(yong)剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路(lu)器和移動式剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護器。

4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分：

（1）一般型(xing)剩余電(dian)流保護器

無故障延(yan)時的剩余電(dian)(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)器，主要作為分支(zhi)線(xian)路(lu)和(he)終端線(xian)路(lu)的漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)裝置。

（2）延時型(xing)剩余電流(liu)保護器

專門設(she)計的(de)(de)對某一剩余動作(zuo)電流(liu)值能達到一個預定的(de)(de)極限不動作(zuo)時間的(de)(de)剩余電流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器。延(yan)時型剩余電流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器主(zhu)要作(zuo)為主(zhu)干線(xian)(xian)或分支線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置，可以與(yu)終端線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置配合，達到選擇性保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)要求。