一.產品介紹
杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)(ruan)涼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),又名杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)(ruan)苦瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)。是江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)市(shi)(shi)乃至省、港、澳地區無人(ren)不曉(xiao)的(de)特色知名農(nong)業品(pin)(pin)牌。其瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)型(xing)肥大,形似木瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),平頂粒(li)粗,別于其它涼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)標志(zhi)性感官特征(zheng),本地人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)之為(wei)大頂瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),將其形容為(wei)“柿(shi)餅蒂,老鼠(shu)尾”。據《新會縣志(zhi)》記載,早(zao)在明(ming)朝,當(dang)(dang)地就已經開始(shi)種植(zhi)涼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),在民國時期,杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)(ruan)柿(shi)餅蒂(杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)(ruan)涼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua))就已經比較(jiao)著名。解放(fang)前,就有一首民謠唱出了江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)當(dang)(dang)時的(de)名蔬名果:“杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)(ruan)苦瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)柿(shi)餅蒂,蓮(lian)塘菱角兩頭(tou)利,滘頭(tou)大蔗真(zhen)脆皮,江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)白菜匙羹(geng)髀,荷塘芥蘭幾分地”。杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)(ruan)涼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)獲得了“江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)市(shi)(shi)十佳農(nong)土特(初(chu)級(ji)類)產品(pin)(pin)”、“廣東(dong)嶺南特色食品(pin)(pin)”和 “無公(gong)害農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人(ren)文(wen)歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:杜阮(ruan)(ruan)鎮(zhen)的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌的結合情況較其它(ta)地(di)區(qu)特(te)殊,杜阮(ruan)(ruan)鎮(zhen)大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)、丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling),西高(gao)東低,三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)環山(shan)(shan),中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)起伏,低面(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)緩,丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)之間有大(da)(da)小不一(yi)的沖積垌田(tian)和(he)山(shan)(shan)坑田(tian)、梯(ti)田(tian)。杜阮(ruan)(ruan)鎮(zhen)南面(mian)(mian)(mian)有叱石山(shan)(shan)、圭峰山(shan)(shan)、雞(ji)尖(jian)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)綿亙起伏,西面(mian)(mian)(mian)有龍(long)溪(xi)眾山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)包圍,北(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有筆架(jia)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo),東北(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有石貓(mao)山(shan)(shan)、席帽山(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)頂等(deng)環抱,形成了(le)袋(dai)形地(di)勢(shi)。三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的山(shan)(shan)地(di)成了(le)與鄰(lin)近鎮(zhen)(市、區(qu))的天然(ran)分(fen)界線(xian)。境(jing)內自然(ran)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)較為(wei)復(fu)雜(za),成土(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)樣,三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)嶺大(da)(da)致(zhi)以(yi)花(hua)崗巖、沙(sha)頁巖和(he)赤紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)主(zhu);中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)多(duo)(duo)以(yi)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)粘(zhan) 土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主(zhu),耕(geng)作土(tu)(tu)層多(duo)(duo)為(wei)谷底沖積或山(shan)(shan)地(di)土(tu)(tu)沙(sha)聚積而成為(wei)平(ping)洼(wa)地(di)和(he)山(shan)(shan)坑田(tian),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)PH平(ping)均(jun)值6.0—7.0,加上種植土(tu)(tu)層深厚、疏松(song)肥沃(wo)、保水保肥力強,非常適(shi)應杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼瓜對(dui)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)的生長要求。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:境內(nei)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量約為(wei)1710mm,平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)1700mm,豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)2300 mm,枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)1200 mm。累(lei)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量保證率在(zai)1331.4 mm。累(lei)年(nian)(nian)月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均數降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量最多是8月(yue)(yue)份(fen),296.3 mm;最少(shao)月(yue)(yue)份(fen)媯(gui)12月(yue)(yue),32.0 mm。累(lei)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)天(tian)達124天(tian),占全年(nian)(nian)天(tian)數34%,地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)以花(hua)崗巖(yan)(yan)的地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源最豐富,沙頁巖(yan)(yan)次之,紅(hong)巖(yan)(yan)最少(shao),在(zai)深井100米以內(nei)的賦存(cun)上(shang)層孔隙(xi)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui),微(wei)壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)和下層基巖(yan)(yan)裂(lie)隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質均十分優良,配(pei)合該地區在(zai)近年(nian)(nian)興建的水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程,包括各類中型及小一型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)4座,總(zong)庫(ku)容達2489萬(wan)立(li)方米,水(shui)(shui)(shui)源主(zhu)要來自山(shan)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和自然(ran)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質皆達到(dao)無(wu)公(gong)害蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)植標準,可為(wei)下游(you)境內(nei)2000多畝杜阮(ruan)涼瓜(gua)提供潔凈(jing)、可靠、優質的灌(guan)溉(gai)保障(zhang)。?
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang):杜(du)阮鎮位(wei)于北回歸線以(yi)南,地處(chu)亞熱(re)帶(dai),屬(shu)南亞熱(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候,一年(nian)(nian)四季(ji)明(ming)顯,氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,熱(re)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)足,雨量(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛,光照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)(chong)足。無霜期在360天(tian)以(yi)上,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)無雪(xue)。境內(nei)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在0℃以(yi)上,2004—2010年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為21.8。C,累年(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)38.3℃,最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)24℃,境內(nei)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)總積溫(wen)(wen)7687.5℃。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)為1798.2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),占可照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)41%,統計期內(nei)月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)值為215.3小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)(zui)少值為73.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),分別出現于3月(yue)、7月(yue)。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)壓為1009.7百(bai)帕,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)絕對濕度(du)為22.6毫帕,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對濕度(du)為81%。境內(nei)得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)、日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)、溫(wen)(wen)度(du)等自然因素的(de)(de)完美結合,使杜(du)阮涼瓜外形(xing)討好、風(feng)味獨特(te)、品質優良(liang),從而深受廣大消費者的(de)(de)歡迎,成為我(wo)我(wo)市(shi)甚至(zhi)全(quan)省(sheng)特(te)色農產品中的(de)(de)佼佼者。
三.地域范圍
杜(du)阮(ruan)涼瓜產(chan)于江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)市(shi)蓬(peng)江(jiang)(jiang)區杜(du)阮(ruan)鎮(zhen)中(zhong)和、龍(long)(long)溪、亭(ting)園、雙樓、井根、子(zi)綿(mian)、松(song)嶺、龍(long)(long)眠(mian)、龍(long)(long)安、龍(long)(long)榜、杜(du)阮(ruan)、杜(du)臂、上(shang)巷、松(song)園、瑤村、北(bei)蘆(lu)、南蘆(lu)、長(chang)喬、木朗、貫溪20個村委(wei)會和中(zhong)心、新(xin)河、金朗3個社區居委(wei)會。杜(du)阮(ruan)鎮(zhen)地處江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)市(shi)蓬(peng)江(jiang)(jiang)區西(xi)部,地理坐標為東經(jing)112 o54′55 ″~ 113o4′1″,北(bei)緯22 o33′7 ″~ 22o39′6″,杜(du)阮(ruan)鎮(zhen)東面(mian)的(de)貫溪村與江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)市(shi)環市(shi)街道辦(ban)接壤,西(xi)面(mian)的(de)子(zi)綿(mian)、井根、中(zhong)和、龍(long)(long)溪、亭(ting)園村與鶴(he)山市(shi)的(de)共(gong)和鎮(zhen)毗(pi)鄰,南面(mian)是新(xin)會區的(de)圭峰山脈,北(bei)面(mian)與棠(tang)下鎮(zhen)相連。全鎮(zhen)涼瓜生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)8000畝,年(nian)產(chan)量9500噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),是葫蘆科植物,為(wei)一年生攀(pan)緣草本。果型(xing)短,蒂部寬園、果尖似鑿子,,瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)形較肥壯平頂(ding)粒粗(cu),尾尖,本地(di)人(ren)稱之為(wei)大頂(ding)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),將(jiang)其(qi)形容(rong)為(wei)“柿餅蒂,老鼠尾”。 色(se)綠(lv)如翡(fei)翠(cui),肉(rou)厚脆(cui)口(kou)、甘而(er)不苦(ku)(ku)的(de)特點(dian)爽(shuang)脆(cui)無渣,苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)果實中(zhong)還含(han)有苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)甙,種(zhong)子和葉中(zhong)含(han)有大量(liang)的(de)苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)素,是美容(rong)、護膚(fu)、提高(gao)自(zi)身免疫力的(de)好選擇(ze),因此杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)成(cheng)為(wei)了當(dang)今社(she)會一種(zhong)綠(lv)色(se)生態(tai)時尚的(de)健康食品。杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)營養(yang)豐富,食用效果極佳(jia),含(han)有大量(liang)人(ren)體必(bi)須的(de)礦物質和氨基酸,據營養(yang)分析資料(liao)顯示,每l00克(ke)杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)可食部分,含(han)水分9.5-95.克(ke),總(zong)糖.60-.68克(ke),粗(cu)纖維0.-0.8克(ke),鈣-4毫(hao)克(ke),磷(lin)4-5毫(hao)克(ke),鐵0.57-0.7毫(hao)克(ke),其(qi)中(zhong)以氨基酸的(de)含(han)量(liang)最為(wei)突(tu)出,總(zong)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)0.75-.克(ke)。另外,肉(rou)厚色(se)綠(lv),有著(zhu)口(kou)感爽(shuang)脆(cui)。杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境、要符合《NY500無公(gong)害食品蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件》的(de)要求(qiu)。生產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)必(bi)須嚴(yan)格按照《無公(gong)害食品苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)》NYT 5077-00執行(xing),質量(liang)要達到《NY 5074-005無公(gong)害食品 瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)類蔬菜》的(de)標準要求(qiu),產(chan)(chan)品實行(xing)檢測(ce)后上市。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
附近要(yao)求無(wu)(wu)工業污染,區(qu)內及(ji)周圍無(wu)(wu)污染水源,無(wu)(wu)固體(ti)廢棄物(wu)(wu)等污染,環境條件符合(he)(he)“NY5110—2002無(wu)(wu)公害食品(pin)產(chan)地環境條件”要(yao)求。 根據杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風味特點,品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特征主要(yao)決定(ding)于當(dang)地獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境和(he)人工選(xuan)育,總體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)選(xuan)擇(ze)粒大(da)飽滿(man)、無(wu)(wu)蟲(chong)口、色澤金黃的(de)(de)(de)(de)種子(zi)。 杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程必須(xu)嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)《杜阮(ruan)(ruan)苦瓜(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規程》(DNB440700/T15-2003)操作。 病蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)按(an)照(zhao)“預防(fang)為主,綜合(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)植保方(fang)針,堅持以“農業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為主,化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為輔”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。加強栽培管理(li)(li),采(cai)取土(tu)壤翻曬(shai),增(zeng)施(shi)有機質(zhi)(zhi)肥,合(he)(he)理(li)(li)施(shi)肥,合(he)(he)理(li)(li)排(pai)灌,搭架(jia)、引蔓、整蔓等農業措施(shi),改(gai)善田(tian)(tian)間(jian)小氣候,減(jian)少病蟲(chong)害發生(sheng)(sheng),增(zeng)強植株自身抗病蟲(chong)能力,提高產(chan)量(liang)和(he)果品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。嚴(yan)格執行(xing)國家有關規定(ding),禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇毒、高度、高殘留(liu)農藥(yao)(yao)。農藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)應符合(he)(he)GB 4285和(he)GB/T 8321的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)。農藥(yao)(yao)交(jiao)替(ti)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)農藥(yao)(yao)安全間(jian)隔期(qi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)。 采(cai)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苦瓜(gua)(gua)應是商品(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de),從開花到商品(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)一(yi)般需要(yao)13天~15天。當(dang)苦瓜(gua)(gua)皮色由(you)青(qing)綠(lv)色轉為臘綠(lv)色、有光澤、果實飽滿(man),即可采(cai)收(shou)。收(shou)獲后(hou)將(jiang)苦瓜(gua)(gua)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘枝敗葉和(he)雜草清理(li)(li)干凈,集中進行(xing)無(wu)(wu)害化處理(li)(li),保持田(tian)(tian)間(jian)清潔。 杜阮(ruan)(ruan)涼(liang)(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)程,如實記錄(lu)農業投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)日(ri)期(qi)、收(shou)獲日(ri)期(qi)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢測情(qing)況、銷售情(qing)況、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)等,以備查(cha)閱。
六.包裝標識相關(guan)規定
地域保護(hu)范(fan)(fan)圍內的“杜阮特產(chan)(chan)-涼瓜(gua)”生產(chan)(chan)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包裝(zhuang)上使(shi)用“杜阮特產(chan)(chan)-涼瓜(gua)”農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)及圖案(an),必須向杜阮鎮農(nong)業服(fu)務中心提出申(shen)請,申(shen)請通過后方可采用杜阮涼瓜(gua)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識字樣和(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)圖案(an),并按照要求(qiu)規范(fan)(fan)生產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)使(shi)用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。