一.產品介紹
永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是福建省(sheng)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)地(di)方(fang)特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)之一,栽培歷史悠久,迄今已有(you)幾百年歷史。在《永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)》(萬歷本)卷(juan)四田賦(fu)志(zhi)“物產(chan)(chan)(chan)”和(he)(he)《永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)》(順治本)卷(juan)四田賦(fu)志(zhi)“物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(志(zhi))”、《永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi).續志(zhi)》(道光本)卷(juan)之九,“物產(chan)(chan)(chan)”中均有(you)記(ji)載(zai)。特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)地(di)理(li)環(huan)境培育(yu)了永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獨特(te)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi),以其(qi)辣(la)、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)獨特(te)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)其(qi)它(ta)辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)不同的(de)(de)風味(wei)(wei),倍受(shou)各(ge)地(di)消費(fei)者的(de)(de)青睞(lai),堪稱八閩一絕。 目前生產(chan)(chan)(chan)上栽培的(de)(de)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao) 1號系從永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)市地(di)方(fang)特(te)色(se)辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中系統選(xuan)育(yu)出的(de)(de)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種,其(qi)外(wai)觀色(se)澤黃亮,辣(la)味(wei)(wei)爽口剌激,清香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)濃郁(yu),風味(wei)(wei)獨特(te),具有(you)“辣(la)、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、脆(cui)、潤”四大(da)特(te)點。黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)果(guo)實中含有(you)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)素,果(guo)皮(pi)保持(chi)黃色(se)不變,果(guo)辣(la)具香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei),品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)極優。2010年 2月通過(guo)福建省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)作物品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種委(wei)員會認定。永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao) 1號為尖椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)類(lei)中晚熟(shu)種,以成熟(shu)果(guo)作為調味(wei)(wei)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)食用。為了維護永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在國(guo)內外(wai)市場的(de)(de)良好信(xin)譽,保護生產(chan)(chan)(chan)者和(he)(he)消費(fei)者的(de)(de)合(he)法權益,2009年永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獲農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保護登記(ji)和(he)(he)注冊商標(biao)登記(ji)。多個(ge)合(he)作社、企業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售該產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),其(qi)中永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)市萬豐(feng)蔬菜(cai)果(guo)業(ye)有(you)限公(gong)司種植面積(ji)230畝,2013年通過(guo)無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認證(zheng),獲得無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)志(zhi)使用權,通過(guo)無(wu)公(gong)害認證(zheng),帶動廣(guang)大(da)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)進行無(wu)公(gong)害種植技術生產(chan)(chan)(chan),提(ti)高黃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:永安(an)市(shi)處于(yu)武夷(yi)山(shan)脈(mo)與(yu)戴云山(shan)脈(mo)的過渡地(di)(di)帶,全市(shi)以(yi)紅壤(rang)面積(ji)(ji)最大,其(qi)次為(wei)黃壤(rang)和水稻(dao)土(tu),水稻(dao)土(tu)面積(ji)(ji)達22.41萬(wan)畝,其(qi)中以(yi)黃泥(ni)田和灰泥(ni)田為(wei)主,pH值在4.5-6.5之(zhi)間,有機質含量在20-30g/kg之(zhi)間,土(tu)壤(rang)深厚肥沃。森林覆蓋率達83.2%,地(di)(di)貌特(te)征為(wei)“九(jiu)山(shan)半水半分田”。
2、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:永安市河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)眾(zhong)多(duo),主要河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)13條,可劃(hua)分為沙溪水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、尤溪水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、九龍(long)江水(shui)(shui)系(xi),全市河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)具有(you)坡度陡,河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)天然落差大,流(liu)(liu)量充沛(pei),最主要的為九龍(long)溪,流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積7363平方公里,干(gan)流(liu)(liu)長203公里,年平均流(liu)(liu)量為每秒230立方米,水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)十分豐富。地(di)表水(shui)(shui)及地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質優良,污染程(cheng)度低,為理想(xiang)的農(nong)業和人居生活用(yong)水(shui)(shui)。
3、氣候(hou)情況:永安市(shi)屬中亞(ya)熱帶海(hai)洋(yang)性季風氣候(hou),但由于市(shi)境內山川(chuan)交錯,丘陵起伏,地形(xing)復雜,海(hai)拔高(gao)差(cha)懸殊(shu)大,垂直小氣候(hou)差(cha)異明顯。年平均氣溫(wen)在14.3-19.2℃之(zhi)間(jian);>10℃積溫(wen)5178.1℃-5729.1℃。7月份平均最高(gao)氣溫(wen)為28-35℃。一月份平均氣溫(wen)在7.7℃-8.6℃。年平均降水(shui)量1495-2060㎜,年日照(zhao)時(shi)數1875.3小時(shi),無(wu)霜期302天(tian)。優越的(de)氣候(hou)條件有利于永安黃椒生產。
4、人文歷(li)史(shi)情(qing)況(kuang):永(yong)安(an)黃(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽培(pei)歷(li)史(shi)悠久(jiu),迄(qi)今已有幾百年歷(li)史(shi)。在《永(yong)安(an)縣志(zhi)》(萬歷(li)本(ben))卷(juan)四(si)田賦志(zhi)“物產”和(he)《永(yong)安(an)縣志(zhi)》(順治本(ben))卷(juan)四(si)田賦志(zhi)“物產(志(zhi))”、《永(yong)安(an)縣志(zhi)·續志(zhi)》(道(dao)光本(ben))卷(juan)之九(jiu)·“物產”中(zhong)均有記載。據(ju)三明市經濟(ji)作物局、三明市蔬菜辦聯合編寫的《三明市蔬菜資(zi)源品(pin)種志(zhi)》第六章茄(qie)果類辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)部分(fen)記載:“品(pin)種名(ming)稱:黃(huang)辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽培(pei)歷(li)史(shi):悠久(jiu)分(fen)布地區:永(yong)安(an)”。永(yong)安(an)黃(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)獨特(te)的辣(la)、香品(pin)質(zhi)和(he)風(feng)味(wei),倍受各(ge)地消費(fei)者的喜愛,堪稱八閩一絕。永(yong)安(an)的地理(li)環境培(pei)育了黃(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獨特(te)的品(pin)質(zhi),其(qi)外觀色澤黃(huang)亮,辣(la)味(wei)爽口剌激(ji),清香濃(nong)郁(yu),風(feng)味(wei)獨特(te)。黃(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)果實中(zhong)含有黃(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)素,果皮保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)桔(jie)黃(huang)色不變,其(qi)速凍(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian),簡易(yi)方(fang)便,貯藏一年以(yi)(yi)上,仍能保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)鮮(xian)品(pin)原(yuan)形(xing)原(yuan)色原(yuan)味(wei),內(nei)質(zhi)不變。
三.地域范圍
地(di)域范圍包括永安市(shi)(shi)15個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(街(jie)道(dao)(dao))即燕(yan)(yan)東(dong)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)、燕(yan)(yan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)、燕(yan)(yan)西(xi)(xi)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)、燕(yan)(yan)北(bei)(bei)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)、安砂(sha)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大湖鎮(zhen)(zhen)、曹遠(yuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、貢川鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上(shang)坪鄉、小陶鎮(zhen)(zhen)、洪田(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、羅坊鄉、西(xi)(xi)洋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、青水(shui)鄉、槐南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄉。永安市(shi)(shi)位于(yu)福建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)中偏(pian)西(xi)(xi),沙溪上(shang)游,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬82公(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)約71公(gong)里。地(di)理位置(zhi)為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)116°56′-117°47′,北(bei)(bei)緯25°33′-26°12′,海拔135-1705米。東(dong)與福建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)大田(tian)縣接(jie)壤,西(xi)(xi)與福建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)連城縣、清流縣毗連,南(nan)(nan)(nan)與福建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)龍巖、漳平市(shi)(shi)交界,北(bei)(bei)靠福建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)三明(ming)市(shi)(shi)、明(ming)溪縣為(wei)鄰。全市(shi)(shi)土地(di)總面(mian)積2942平方(fang)公(gong)里(折(zhe)441.35萬畝),其中,林業用地(di)382萬畝,耕地(di)面(mian)積22.41萬畝。目前(qian),全市(shi)(shi)種植(zhi)面(mian)積5000畝。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官特征:果(guo)實形(xing)(xing)狀為圓錐形(xing)(xing)、單果(guo)重5-12克(ke),成熟果(guo)實色澤桔黃,果(guo)皮鮮亮,果(guo)肉辣度高且帶香,具有永安黃椒(jiao)特有的品(pin)質特征。
2、安全要求:永安黃椒執行《NY5005-2001無公害食(shi)品茄果(guo)類(lei)蔬菜》標準的規定(ding)。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
1、品種選(xuan)擇:永(yong)安黃椒具有(you)抗病抗蟲性(xing)強(qiang),抗逆(ni)性(xing)強(qiang)的特性(xing)。該品種在常規種植下120天左右采收(shou)。品種要求符合果(guo)實(shi)形狀為圓錐形,成熟(shu)果(guo)實(shi)色澤桔(jie)黃,果(guo)皮鮮亮,果(guo)肉辣度(du)高(gao)且帶香。單果(guo)重5-12克(ke),種子千粒重4.5-6.0克(ke)。
2、產地(di)選擇與種植要求:永(yong)安市(shi)轄(xia)區11個鄉鎮(zhen)4個辦(ban)事處,主要集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)燕南、燕西、青水、西洋(yang)、小(xiao)陶、洪田、大湖,產地(di)環境必須符合《NY5010-2002無公害食品蔬(shu)菜產地(di)環境條件》的要求。永(yong)安黃椒(jiao)每年12月(yue)(yue)上(shang)、中(zhong)旬(xun)至次年2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)播種,3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)移植到(dao)大田,果實生長(chang)期為綠(lv)色,成熟轉(zhuan)黃,6月(yue)(yue)開(kai)始采摘(zhai)期,7月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)至8月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)為盛收(shou)(shou)期,終期在(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)。但在(zai)(zai)山壟田或青水等(deng)高海(hai)拔鄉鎮(zhen),采收(shou)(shou)期可延(yan)長(chang)到(dao)11月(yue)(yue)底。反季節栽培7-8月(yue)(yue)播種,11月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)開(kai)始采摘(zhai),4月(yue)(yue)底結束。種植要求按(an)照《永(yong)安黃椒(jiao)無公害栽培技術規程》執(zhi)行。
3、生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理:永安(an)黃椒(jiao)生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)符合《NY5005-2001無(wu)(wu)公害食品茄果類蔬(shu)菜》和《永安(an)黃椒(jiao)無(wu)(wu)公害栽培技術規程(cheng)(cheng)》。
4、產(chan)品收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)后續(xu)管理:永安黃(huang)椒在果(guo)皮80%綠(lv)轉黃(huang)色(se),果(guo)實大小基本(ben)定型,呈現出香辣味時(shi)(shi)采收(shou)(shou),黃(huang)熟時(shi)(shi)每(mei)3-5天采收(shou)(shou)一(yi)次,高峰(feng)期2天采收(shou)(shou)一(yi)次。采收(shou)(shou)所用(yong)工具(ju)要(yao)清潔、衛生、無(wu)污染,采收(shou)(shou)后,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)清除(chu)明顯缺陷(xian)果(guo)、傷疤果(guo)及(ji)等外果(guo),產(chan)品使用(yong)保(bao)(bao)鮮袋(dai)保(bao)(bao)鮮貯藏銷售。
5、生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu):永安(an)黃椒生產過(guo)程要建立生產檔(dang)案,記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)投入(ru)品(pin)的名稱、使(shi)用時間、次數、用量、使(shi)用方法、收獲日期等(deng),全面記(ji)(ji)載并妥善保存(cun)。