一.產品介紹
江安大白李(li)(li)又稱(cheng)江安李(li)(li),品(pin)種適應(ying)性(xing)廣,抗(kang)逆(ni)性(xing)強,結(jie)果(guo)期(qi)早(zao),豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan),品(pin)質上乘,曾榮(rong)獲“四(si)川省優質水(shui)果(guo)”殊榮(rong),被全國農業(ye)高等院校教材定為國家地(di)方良種。果(guo)實6月底(di)成熟,平(ping)均單果(guo)重25—35克,果(guo)肉(rou)清香(xiang)脆嫩,汁多、味甜、離核,部分果(guo)實核腔內有(you)黃(huang)白色膠狀分泌物,果(guo)農稱(cheng)之為李(li)(li)子(zi)結(jie)“冰糖”。先后(hou)注冊“趕場(chang)山”李(li)(li)子(zi)商(shang)標,通過無公害農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認證和(he)綠色食(shi)品(pin)認證檢測合格。現(xian)有(you)種植面積5000余畝、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)1500余噸(dun)。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
江安(an)縣屬低山丘陵區,海拔在236-908米之間,縣內除長 江外,有大(da)小河溪145條(tiao),水資源豐富。產(chan)區氣候屬中亞熱帶四川盆(pen)地(di)濕潤氣候區,四季(ji)分明,常年平(ping)(ping)均氣溫為18.1℃,年平(ping)(ping)均降水量為1132毫米,年平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)1199.3小時,全年無霜期347天(tian)。土(tu)壤質(zhi)地(di)以砂壤土(tu)為主,PH值在5.8-7.0之間,中性偏(pian)酸,適宜(yi)江安(an)大(da)白李生長。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)(jiang)安大(da)白李產于四(si)川(chuan)省江(jiang)(jiang)安縣,位于長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游,四(si)川(chuan)南緣(yuan),農(nong)產品地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志地(di)(di)域保護(hu)(hu)范圍包括江(jiang)(jiang)安縣所(suo)轄的江(jiang)(jiang)安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、怡樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、留(liu)耕鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夕(xi)佳山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)井(jing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五(wu)礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽春鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(原(yuan)濫壩鄉(xiang))、桐(tong)梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、迎安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、四(si)面山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),井(jing)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)妙鄉(xiang)、仁(ren)和鄉(xiang)和蟠龍鄉(xiang)等15鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)3鄉(xiang)、297個行(xing)政(zheng)村。地(di)(di)理坐標(biao)(biao)為東(dong)經(jing)104°57′40″-105°14′33,北(bei)緯28°22′20″-28°56′45″之間,東(dong)到瀘州市江(jiang)(jiang)陽區、納溪(xi)區,南到興(xing)文縣,西到南溪(xi)縣、長(chang)寧縣,北(bei)到自貢市富(fu)順(shun)縣。保護(hu)(hu)面積(ji)10萬畝,年產量11萬噸。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外(wai)在感官品質(zhi)(zhi):果(guo)(guo)(guo)實中大(da),圓形、整齊,縫合線(xian)較明顯(xian),兩半較對稱,果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂平或凹(ao)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)面綠(lv)黃色,果(guo)(guo)(guo)粉厚(hou)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)綠(lv)黃色,肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細膩,清香脆嫩(nen),纖維少,汁較多,味甜(tian)。核小,離核,品質(zhi)(zhi)佳。
(2)內在品質(zhi)指標:江安大白李(li)可(ke)食率≥92%,可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物≥11%。
(3)安全要(yao)求(qiu):符合《無公(gong)害食品(pin) 落葉(xie)核果(guo)類(lei)果(guo)品(pin)》NY5112-2005標準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)。
五.特定生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式
中(zhong)耕果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節降雨或灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou),及時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)耕松土,中(zhong)耕深(shen)度5cm-10cm。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):在(zai)(zai)落葉前(qian)(qian)后(hou)或李(li)子萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)15天施(shi)(shi)積肥(fei),秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)比春施(shi)(shi)好。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)一年2-3次,第一次在(zai)(zai)開(kai)花前(qian)(qian),第二次在(zai)(zai)硬(ying)核期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),第三次在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)。施(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥(fei):秋(qiu)季(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)施(shi)(shi)入,以農家(jia)肥(fei)為主,混(hun)合少量化肥(fei)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量按1kg果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)2kg優(you)質農家(jia)肥(fei)計算。施(shi)(shi)用方法以溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)為主,施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)部位在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)投影范圍(wei)內。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方法為挖放(fang)射狀溝(gou)、環(huan)狀溝(gou)或平(ping)行狀溝(gou),溝(gou)深(shen)30-40cm。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei):在(zai)(zai)幼(you)齡樹(shu)和結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),每畝(mu)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)氮(dan)磷肥(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育(yu)(yu)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)20kg。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20天內停止葉面(mian)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)分管理灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui):早(zao)春萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)灌(guan)一次水(shui)(shui)(shui),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)灌(guan)一次水(shui)(shui)(shui),秋(qiu)末(mo)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)灌(guan)一次封凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),有(you)條件的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)最(zui)好安裝滴灌(guan)系統(tong)(tong)。排水(shui)(shui)(shui):李(li)樹(shu)喜濕(shi)但怕澇,應設置排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong),地面(mian)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)不利李(li)樹(shu)正常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang),在(zai)(zai)多雨季(ji)節通(tong)過溝(gou)渠及時(shi)(shi)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)。整(zheng)形修剪(jian) 樹(shu)高2.5m左右,冠(guan)幅1.5m×2.0m,無主側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)心干上(shang)著生(sheng)8-12個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,下部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較長(chang),上(shang)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較短。修剪(jian)幼(you)樹(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)修剪(jian):以整(zheng)形為主,盡快擴大(da)樹(shu)冠(guan),培(pei)(pei)養(yang)牢固的(de)(de)骨(gu)架;對骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度短截(jie),對非骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)長(chang)放(fang),提早(zao)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),逐漸培(pei)(pei)養(yang)各類(lei)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)修剪(jian):前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保持樹(shu)勢平(ping)衡(heng),中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要抑前(qian)(qian)促后(hou),回(hui)(hui)縮更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin),培(pei)(pei)養(yang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,防(fang)止早(zao)衰(shuai)和結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部位外(wai)移。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要不斷(duan)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少截(jie),弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多截(jie)”的(de)(de)辦法。衰(shuai)老期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)修剪(jian):采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用回(hui)(hui)縮更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)復(fu)壯的(de)(de)方法,促生(sheng)壯旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)短截(jie)生(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延(yan)長(chang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治技術病(bing)害(hai):剪(jian)除越冬病(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan),除去病(bing)葉和枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發病(bing)前(qian)(qian)噴5度石(shi)硫合劑(ji),展葉后(hou)發病(bing)前(qian)(qian)噴0.5:1:100硫酸鋅(xin)石(shi)灰(hui)液1-2次。蟲(chong)害(hai):藥物防(fang)治按GB4258農藥安全使用標準(zhun)執行。結(jie)合秋(qiu)耕,深(shen)翻(fan)樹(shu)盤,使成(cheng)蟲(chong)羽化不能(neng)爬出地面(mian)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)6月中(zhong)、下旬采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),在(zai)(zai)接近完(wan)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(九成(cheng)熟(shu))采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),當(dang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)綠(lv)色全部轉為淡黃色時(shi)(shi)為完(wan)全成(cheng)熟(shu)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)用人工手摘(zhai),輕拿(na)輕放(fang),裝入果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱內,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱容器(qi)不易過大(da)或過高,每箱裝5-10kg為宜。