阜城(cheng)杏(xing)梅(mei)是(shi)河北省衡水市阜城(cheng)縣(xian)特(te)產,全(quan)國農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志。杏(xing)梅(mei)是(shi)杏(xing)和李的偶然雜交種,是(shi)阜城(cheng)縣(xian)的優勢果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin),也是(shi)河北省地方特(te)色(se)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin),有(you)著500余年的栽(zai)培(pei)歷史(shi)。阜城(cheng)杏(xing)梅(mei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實呈卵圓形,外觀色(se)澤(ze)鮮艷,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)橙黃(huang)色(se)帶紅暈、具縫(feng)合(he)線、皮(pi)厚有(you)韌性,果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉黃(huang)色(se),細膩有(you)砂性,酸甜可口。杏(xing)梅(mei)貯存(cun)期(qi)最(zui)長(chang)可達30天(tian)(tian)至40天(tian)(tian),既可用于鮮食(shi),也可加工成果(guo)(guo)(guo)脯、果(guo)(guo)(guo)醬、果(guo)(guo)(guo)汁(zhi)等。
2020年4月30日,中華人民共和國農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式批準對“阜城杏梅”實施農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志登(deng)記(ji)保護。
阜城(cheng)杏梅生產地域范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)衡水(shui)市(shi)阜城(cheng)縣,涉(she)及阜城(cheng)鎮(zhen)、漫河鎮(zhen)、古城(cheng)鎮(zhen)、蔣坊鄉(xiang)、建橋鄉(xiang)、大白鄉(xiang)、王(wang)集鄉(xiang)、霞(xia)口鎮(zhen)等8個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)445個(ge)行政村,地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經37°49′59″~37°58′44″,北緯116°08′47″~116°33′24″,保護地總面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)32535hm2,常年種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)200hm2,年產量8000t。
阜城(cheng)杏梅果(guo)(guo)(guo)實卵圓(yuan)形,外(wai)觀色澤(ze)鮮艷,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)(pi)橙(cheng)黃色帶紅(hong)暈、具(ju)縫合線(xian)、皮(pi)(pi)厚有(you)韌性(xing);果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉黃色,細(xi)膩有(you)砂性(xing),酸甜可(ke)口,果(guo)(guo)(guo)核表面(mian)具(ju)有(you)蜂窩狀小凹點;單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重60~85g,最(zui)大單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重110g。
經檢測,可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)固形物≥13.5%;可(ke)滴(di)定酸≤0.5%;總糖(tang)≥8.5g/100g;維生素C≥4.2 mg/100g;水分≤89.0 g/100g。
阜(fu)城(cheng)杏梅產品(pin)質量符合國家有關標(biao)準(zhun)。
阜(fu)城(cheng)縣地處河北省中(zhong)南部黑龍港流域,屬暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶半干旱大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候。生(sheng)產區域內(nei)近十(shi)年年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)13.5℃,極端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)42.2℃,極端最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)~16.8℃,年積溫(wen)4465℃,年無霜期217天。四季(ji)分明、雨(yu)量少而集中(zhong),年平均降(jiang)水量527.3mm,降(jiang)雨(yu)主要集中(zhong)在6~8月,約占全年降(jiang)水量的(de)70%,具有明顯雨(yu)熱(re)同季(ji)的(de)特點,特別適合阜(fu)城(cheng)杏(xing)梅(mei)的(de)生(sheng)長。
生產區域(yu)內,淺層及深層淡水豐富,水質礦化度1~2g/L,pH值(zhi)在(zai)7~8之間。水質好(hao)、無污染,有利于(yu)阜城(cheng)杏梅的(de)生產灌(guan)溉。
生產區域內土壤多為中壤質~壤質潮土,有機質含量(liang)平均(jun)16.58g/kg,pH值7.5~8.1,特別適于阜城杏梅栽培。
在阜城杏梅(mei)生長(chang)期間(jian)年輻射總量136.3千卡(ka)/cm2,年平均日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時數(shu)2693.5h、平均日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)7.4h,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率61.0%,能夠完全(quan)滿(man)足阜城杏梅(mei)對光照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的需求。
選擇土(tu)層深厚、排水(shui)良好,沒有(you)污(wu)染的沙壤土(tu)或(huo)壤土(tu),不能重(zhong)茬。
以阜城(cheng)杏梅為(wei)栽培品種,選擇(ze)毛桃或山(shan)杏作為(wei)砧木。
為保證阜城杏梅(mei)的品質特色,應注(zhu)重以下生產環節的管(guan)理:
①標(biao)準(zhun)化建(jian)園:選用(yong)根系新鮮(xian)、苗(miao)干直立、無病蟲害、無機械(xie)損(sun)傷、芽體飽(bao)滿的(de)一級苗(miao),以杏(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)做授(shou)粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、阜城杏(xing)梅(mei)與杏(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)5~6:1的(de)比例進行(xing)配置(zhi),按(an)照(zhao)株行(xing)距(ju)2~3米×4~5米的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)進行(xing)栽(zai)植建(jian)園。
②土(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理(li):合(he)理(li)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。一(yi)年(nian)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)三次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),分(fen)別(bie)在萌芽前、幼果(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)第(di)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)分(fen)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)入,幼齡樹和結(jie)果(guo)(guo)樹的(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)發育(yu)前期(qi),追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以氮(dan)磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,每(mei)(mei)667平方米追施(shi)(shi)磷酸(suan)二銨(an)25千克(ke),結(jie)果(guo)(guo)樹果(guo)(guo)實(shi)發育(yu)后期(qi)以磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,每(mei)(mei)667平方米追施(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)20千克(ke);結(jie)合(he)病蟲(chong)害(hai)防治葉面噴施(shi)(shi)0.3%~0.5%的(de)磷酸(suan)二氫(qing)鉀(jia)3~4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci);秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在果(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)收后盡早施(shi)(shi)入,采(cai)取(qu)溝施(shi)(shi)的(de)方式,每(mei)(mei)667平方米施(shi)(shi)用優質(zhi)腐熟(shu)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2~3噸,摻(chan)加(jia)磷酸(suan)二銨(an)15千克(ke)、尿素10千克(ke)、硅鈣(gai)鎂鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50千克(ke),充分(fen)混勻后施(shi)(shi)入。灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)管理(li)。全年(nian)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),分(fen)別(bie)在萌芽前、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)第(di)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)和秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后及時澆水(shui)(shui),灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)以土(tu)壤含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)達(da)到田間(jian)(jian)持水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)60%~80%為宜,多雨季(ji)節注意(yi)及時排澇。生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)覆蓋(gai)。提(ti)倡果(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),采(cai)取(qu)行間(jian)(jian)生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、行內覆蓋(gai)的(de)方式,生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)品種(zhong)可選擇黑麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)或紫花苜蓿,樹盤內覆蓋(gai)薄膜或防草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)布控草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)保墑(di),也可以實(shi)行自(zi)然生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)覆蓋(gai)。
③整形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)以小冠疏(shu)層(ceng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和紡(fang)(fang)錘(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)主(zhu)。小冠疏(shu)層(ceng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)40~50厘(li)米(mi)(mi),樹(shu)高(gao)2.5~3米(mi)(mi),冠徑2.5~3米(mi)(mi),具(ju)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央領導干(gan)(gan),全(quan)樹(shu)有5~6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),第(di)一層(ceng)留(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2~3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),第(di)二(er)(er)層(ceng)留(liu)(liu)1~2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1~2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),第(di)三(san)層(ceng)留(liu)(liu)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)留(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。層(ceng)間距(ju)第(di)一、第(di)二(er)(er)層(ceng)70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)(you),第(di)二(er)(er)、三(san)層(ceng)50厘(li)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)(you);紡(fang)(fang)錘(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)60~70厘(li)米(mi)(mi),樹(shu)高(gao)2.5~3米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)(gan)直立(li)強(qiang)健(jian),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)均(jun)勻(yun)培育(yu)10~15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),角度拉成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)70~90度,向圓周伸展(zhan),不(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)層(ceng)次,均(jun)勻(yun)插空排列(lie),主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)軸延(yan)伸不(bu)留(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)(shang)面直接著生結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu),下(xia)部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5~2米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)1~1.2米(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)部(bu)0.7米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)(you),相鄰兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)距(ju)離25厘(li)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)(you),樹(shu)冠緊湊豐(feng)滿,外觀呈紡(fang)(fang)錘(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)與整形(xing)(xing)(xing)同步(bu)進行,在(zai)整形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)基礎上(shang)(shang),通過調光、調枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、調花(hua),調勢培養(yang)健(jian)壯、穩(wen)定、豐(feng)產的(de)樹(shu)體結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構。小型(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)培養(yang):利用平(ping)斜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)放,對(dui)(dui)(dui)直立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、短(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扣芽破頂促進成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)花(hua),對(dui)(dui)(dui)細弱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)(duan)截,促進分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)放成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)花(hua),結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)后再(zai)回縮,培養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小型(xing)(xing)(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu);中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)培養(yang):對(dui)(dui)(dui)發育(yu)健(jian)壯的(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先截后放,促進分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),緩(huan)放后成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo),連續分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后即(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu),對(dui)(dui)(dui)平(ping)斜下(xia)垂枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)(jian),促生中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)后回縮,形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu);大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)培養(yang):對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)旺長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)(duan)截,在(zai)選留(liu)(liu)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并不(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)的(de)同時(shi),促生中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后去強(qiang)留(liu)(liu)弱或(huo)去直留(liu)(liu)斜,對(dui)(dui)(dui)留(liu)(liu)下(xia)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和偏弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“先輕剪(jian)(jian)緩(huan)放,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)后回縮”,即(ji)(ji)可(ke)培養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。
④花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理。一是早春防凍(dong)害,可采取(qu)樹干(gan)涂白、花(hua)(hua)前(qian)灌水(shui)或根外噴施(shi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)等(deng)措施(shi)進(jin)行(xing)預防;二(er)是輔助授粉,可采取(qu)掛(gua)瓶(ping)插花(hua)(hua)枝(zhi)(zhi)、人工滾動雞(ji)毛(mao)撣、或利用蜜蜂(feng)或壁(bi)蜂(feng)等(deng)方(fang)法進(jin)行(xing);三是花(hua)(hua)期噴肥(fei),花(hua)(hua)期噴0.2%硼砂(sha)、謝花(hua)(hua)后噴0.2%硼砂(sha)+0.3%磷(lin)酸二(er)氫鉀(jia),隔10天再(zai)噴1次;四是疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),第一次在落花(hua)(hua)后20天開始、5月(yue)中旬前(qian)完成(cheng),5~10厘米留(liu)一果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)去病蟲(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),每667平(ping)方(fang)米留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)5~6萬(wan)個,第二(er)次在花(hua)(hua)后50~60天生(sheng)(sheng)理落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后進(jin)行(xing),疏(shu)除(chu)密生(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病蟲(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)及枝(zhi)(zhi)摩葉掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),樹冠中下部多留(liu)、上部及外圍少留(liu),長果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)3~4個果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),中果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)2~3個果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)1個果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),使果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實分布(bu)均勻,每667平(ping)方(fang)米留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量4.5~5萬(wan)個。總(zong)體掌握每667平(ping)方(fang)米產量2500~3000千克。
⑤病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。阜(fu)城杏梅的主(zhu)要病(bing)蟲(chong)害為(wei)(wei)(wei)天牛、紅蜘蛛、卷葉(xie)蛾、介(jie)殼(ke)蟲(chong)和(he)流(liu)膠病(bing),按照“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的原則,以農(nong)業(ye)和(he)物理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎、生物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,全年噴(pen)(pen)(pen)藥5~7次。萌芽前(qian)后以防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)紅蜘蛛、介(jie)殼(ke)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),可(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)(pen)(pen)3~5°Bé石(shi)硫合(he)劑或者1.8%苦(ku)參堿1000~1500倍(bei)+10%吡蟲(chong)啉4000~5000倍(bei)液組(zu)合(he);落花后以防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)杏仁蜂(feng)、象(xiang)鼻(bi)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),可(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)(pen)(pen)4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油(you)1500~2000倍(bei);4月(yue)下旬為(wei)(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)卷葉(xie)蛾可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)25%滅(mie)幼脲3號(hao)懸(xuan)浮劑1500~2000倍(bei);5月(yue)中(zhong)下旬以防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)紅蜘蛛、介(jie)殼(ke)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)1.8%阿維菌(jun)素乳油(you)3000~4000倍(bei)。流(liu)膠病(bing)可(ke)(ke)通過增施有機肥、不偏施化肥、保持中(zhong)庸樹勢(shi)等(deng)預(yu)防(fang)(fang),對產(chan)生流(liu)膠的樹可(ke)(ke)采取(qu)“刮(gua)涂(tu)封”法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)療,即先刮(gua)去膠體(ti)和(he)爛(lan)皮(pi)、再涂(tu)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(5°Bé石(shi)硫合(he)劑或生石(shi)灰粉)進(jin)行保護和(he)治(zhi)(zhi)療,然后用薄膜(mo)封嚴(yan)傷口(kou)。
遠距離運(yun)輸可(ke)于6月下(xia)旬(xun)硬熟期采收(shou),近距離運(yun)輸可(ke)于7月上旬(xun)軟(ruan)熟期采收(shou)。采收(shou)時輕拿(na)輕放(fang),防止扎、碰(peng)、壓、劃等機械損傷(shang),保證果(guo)實完(wan)好。
①分(fen)級(ji)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。阜(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)杏梅(mei)貯藏或外銷嚴格按標(biao)準等(deng)級(ji)分(fen)級(ji),包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用紙箱、箱板、果墊、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)紙、膠(jiao)帶紙均(jun)應(ying)清(qing)潔(jie)、無毒、無異(yi)味,箱體(ti)兩側留(liu)4~6個氣(qi)孔,氣(qi)孔直徑15毫米(mi)左右,箱體(ti)應(ying)注(zhu)明(ming)商標(biao)、品(pin)種(zhong)、產(chan)地、重(zhong)量。②貯藏。阜(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)杏梅(mei)應(ying)在(zai)恒溫(wen)氣(qi)調庫內貯藏,注(zhu)意碼堆不(bu)得(de)過高,剁間要留(liu)有(you)(you)通道。③運(yun)輸。運(yun)輸阜(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)杏梅(mei)的工具要清(qing)潔(jie)衛生,不(bu)能與有(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)害、有(you)(you)異(yi)味的物品(pin)混(hun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸(xie)時要輕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、輕放。
詳細記錄阜城杏梅的生產地點、肥料名稱、施(shi)肥時間(jian)、施(shi)肥量(liang)、農藥(yao)名稱、施(shi)藥(yao)時間(jian)、施(shi)藥(yao)量(liang)、收(shou)獲日期(qi)等信息(xi)。
2020年4月30日,中華人民共(gong)和(he)國農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)部正式(shi)批(pi)準對“阜城杏梅”實施農(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理(li)標志登記保(bao)護。
2004年,阜城縣杏梅(mei)(mei)面積達6.94萬畝,年產(chan)量(liang)達2.94萬噸,占全國(guo)杏梅(mei)(mei)市場份額的(de)90%以上(shang)。
2020年(nian),阜城(cheng)杏梅(mei)生產規模(mo)200公(gong)頃,年(nian)產量(liang)0.8萬(wan)噸,占全國市場份(fen)額的(de)95%以上。