連州溪黃草(cao)(cao)學名(ming)溪黃草(cao)(cao)(Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara),又名(ming)溪溝(gou)草(cao)(cao)、山羊(yang)面(mian)、臺灣延胡索(suo)和大葉(xie)蛇總管,多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本,根莖肥(fei)大,向下密生(sheng)(sheng)纖細(xi)的須根,莖直立,高(gao)達1.5(2)米(mi),有細(xi)條紋,帶紫(zi)色(se),莖葉(xie)對生(sheng)(sheng),卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)或卵圓(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)或披針(zhen)形(xing),草(cao)(cao)質(zhi),上面(mian)暗綠色(se),下面(mian)淡綠色(se),圓(yuan)(yuan)錐花序(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)于莖及分枝頂上,花冠(guan)紫(zi)色(se),長達6毫(hao)米(mi),外被短柔毛(mao)(mao),內面(mian)無毛(mao)(mao),花盤環狀(zhuang),成熟小堅果闊卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),花、果期8-9月。溪黃草(cao)(cao)產(chan)于我(wo)國黑(hei)龍江(jiang)、吉林、遼(liao)寧、山西(xi)、河南、陜(shan)西(xi)、甘肅、四川、貴州、廣西(xi)、廣東、湖(hu)南、江(jiang)西(xi)、安徽、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇(su)及臺灣,常(chang)成叢(cong)(cong)(cong)生(sheng)(sheng)于海(hai)拔120-1250米(mi)的山坡(po)、路旁(pang)、田(tian)邊(bian)、溪旁(pang)、河岸、草(cao)(cao)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)、灌叢(cong)(cong)(cong)、林下沙壤土上。全草(cao)(cao)入藥(yao),治急性肝炎、急性膽囊炎、跌打瘀腫等癥。
形態特征
多年生(sheng)草本(ben),根莖肥大(da)(da),粗壯,有時呈(cheng)疙瘩狀,向下密(mi)(mi)生(sheng)纖細(xi)的(de)(de)須根。莖直立,高達1.5(2)米(mi)(mi)(mi),鈍四棱形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)四淺(qian)槽,有細(xi)條紋,帶紫(zi)色(se)(se),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)木質(zhi),近無毛,向上(shang)(shang)密(mi)(mi)被(bei)倒向微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)毛;上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)多分枝。莖葉(xie)對(dui)生(sheng),卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或卵圓(yuan)狀披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3.5-10厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1.5-4.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端近漸(jian)尖(jian),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具(ju)粗大(da)(da)內彎的(de)(de)鋸齒(chi),草質(zhi),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)暗綠(lv)色(se)(se),下面(mian)(mian)淡(dan)(dan)綠(lv)色(se)(se),兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)僅脈(mo)(mo)(mo).上(shang)(shang)密(mi)(mi)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)毛,余部(bu)(bu)無毛,散(san)布淡(dan)(dan)黃色(se)(se)腺點,側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)每側4-55與(yu)中脈(mo)(mo)(mo)在兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)微隆起,在邊緣之(zhi)(zhi)內網結(jie),其間平行細(xi)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)多少(shao)明(ming)顯(xian);葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)0.5-3.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)具(ju)漸(jian)寬(kuan)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)翅,腹凹背凸,密(mi)(mi)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)毛。圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)生(sheng)于莖及分枝頂(ding)上(shang)(shang),長(chang)(chang)10-20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),下部(bu)(bu)常(chang)分枝,因而植株上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)全體組成(cheng)龐(pang)大(da)(da)疏(shu)松(song)的(de)(de)圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu),圓(yuan)錐了毛序(xu)(xu)由具(ju)5至(zhi)多花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)聚傘(san)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)組成(cheng),聚傘(san)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)具(ju)梗(geng),總(zong)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)0.-5-1.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)梗(geng)與(yu)序(xu)(xu)軸均密(mi)(mi)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)毛;苞葉(xie)在下部(bu)(bu)者葉(xie)狀,具(ju)短(duan)柄,長(chang)(chang)超過聚傘(san)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu),向上(shang)(shang)漸(jian)變小呈(cheng)苞片(pian)(pian)狀,披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)線(xian)狀披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)與(yu)總(zong)梗(geng)相等,苞片(pian)(pian)及小苞片(pian)(pian)細(xi)小,長(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)毛。花(hua)(hua)萼(e)鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)密(mi)(mi)被(bei)灰白微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)毛,其間夾(jia)有腺點,內面(mian)(mian)無毛,萼(e)齒(chi)5,長(chang)(chang)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing),近等大(da)(da),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)為萼(e)長(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)半(ban),果(guo)時花(hua)(hua)萼(e)增大(da)(da),呈(cheng)闊(kuo)鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)多少(shao)呈(cheng)壺狀,長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),脈(mo)(mo)(mo)紋明(ming)顯(xian)。花(hua)(hua)冠紫(zi)色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)達6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)被(bei)短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)毛,內面(mian)(mian)無毛,冠筒長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)方淺(qian)囊狀,至(zhi)喉部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)1.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),冠檐(yan)二唇形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)唇外(wai)反,長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端具(ju)相等4圓(yuan)裂,下唇闊(kuo)卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),內凹。雄蕊4,內藏。花(hua)(hua)柱絲狀,內藏,先端相等2淺(qian)裂。花(hua)(hua)盤(pan)環狀。成(cheng)熟(shu)小堅果(guo)闊(kuo)卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)端圓(yuan),具(ju)腺點及白色(se)(se)髯(ran)毛。花(hua)(hua)、果(guo)期8-9月。
分布范圍
產黑龍江(jiang)(jiang),吉(ji)林,遼寧,山(shan)(shan)西,河(he)南,陜西,甘肅,四(si)川,貴州,廣西,廣東(dong),湖南,江(jiang)(jiang)西,安徽,浙江(jiang)(jiang),江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)(su)及(ji)臺灣;常成叢(cong)(cong)生(sheng)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)坡(po)、路旁(pang)(pang)、田邊、溪旁(pang)(pang)、河(he)岸、草叢(cong)(cong)、灌叢(cong)(cong)、林下(xia)沙(sha)壤土上,海拔120-1250米。蘇(su)(su)聯(lian)遠東(dong)地區,朝鮮也(ye)有。模式(shi)標本采自我(wo)國東(dong)北(bei)松(song)花(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)下(xia)游。
主要價值
全(quan)草入藥,治急(ji)性(xing)肝炎(yan)、急(ji)性(xing)膽囊炎(yan)、跌打瘀腫等癥。