連州溪(xi)(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)學名溪(xi)(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)(Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara),又名溪(xi)(xi)溝草(cao)(cao)、山(shan)(shan)羊面、臺灣(wan)延(yan)胡(hu)索和(he)大(da)葉(xie)蛇總(zong)管,多年生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本,根(gen)莖(jing)(jing)肥大(da),向下(xia)密生(sheng)纖(xian)細(xi)(xi)的須根(gen),莖(jing)(jing)直立,高達(da)1.5(2)米(mi)(mi),有細(xi)(xi)條(tiao)紋,帶紫(zi)色(se)(se),莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)對生(sheng),卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)或披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing),草(cao)(cao)質,上(shang)面暗綠色(se)(se),下(xia)面淡綠色(se)(se),圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)序生(sheng)于莖(jing)(jing)及(ji)分枝頂上(shang),花(hua)(hua)冠紫(zi)色(se)(se),長達(da)6毫米(mi)(mi),外(wai)被短柔毛(mao),內面無毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)盤環(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),成(cheng)熟小堅果(guo)闊卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)、果(guo)期8-9月。溪(xi)(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)產于我(wo)國黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、山(shan)(shan)西、河南(nan)(nan)、陜(shan)西、甘(gan)肅(su)、四川、貴州、廣西、廣東(dong)、湖南(nan)(nan)、江西、安徽、浙江、江蘇及(ji)臺灣(wan),常(chang)成(cheng)叢(cong)生(sheng)于海(hai)拔(ba)120-1250米(mi)(mi)的山(shan)(shan)坡、路旁、田邊、溪(xi)(xi)旁、河岸、草(cao)(cao)叢(cong)、灌叢(cong)、林下(xia)沙(sha)壤土上(shang)。全草(cao)(cao)入藥,治急性肝炎、急性膽囊炎、跌(die)打(da)瘀腫等癥(zheng)。
形態特征
多(duo)(duo)(duo)年生草本,根莖(jing)(jing)肥大(da),粗壯,有時呈疙(ge)瘩(da)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)密(mi)生纖細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)須根。莖(jing)(jing)直立(li),高達1.5(2)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),鈍四棱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)四淺(qian)(qian)槽(cao),有細(xi)條紋,帶(dai)紫(zi)色(se)(se),基部(bu)(bu)木質,近無(wu)毛,向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)倒向(xiang)(xiang)微柔(rou)(rou)毛;上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)分枝(zhi)(zhi)。莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)對生,卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或卵圓(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-10厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1.5-4.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端近漸(jian)尖,基部(bu)(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具(ju)(ju)粗大(da)內(nei)(nei)彎(wan)的(de)(de)(de)鋸齒,草質,上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)暗綠(lv)色(se)(se),下(xia)面(mian)(mian)淡綠(lv)色(se)(se),兩面(mian)(mian)僅脈.上(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)毛,余部(bu)(bu)無(wu)毛,散(san)布淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)腺點(dian),側脈每側4-55與(yu)中脈在(zai)兩面(mian)(mian)微隆(long)起(qi),在(zai)邊緣之內(nei)(nei)網結,其(qi)間平(ping)行細(xi)脈多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)明顯;葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)漸(jian)寬(kuan)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)翅,腹凹背(bei)凸,密(mi)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)毛。圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)生于莖(jing)(jing)及分枝(zhi)(zhi)頂上(shang)(shang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下(xia)部(bu)(bu)常分枝(zhi)(zhi),因而植株上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)全體組(zu)成龐大(da)疏松的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)了毛序(xu)由(you)具(ju)(ju)5至多(duo)(duo)(duo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)組(zu)成,聚(ju)傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)具(ju)(ju)梗(geng),總梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.-5-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)與(yu)序(xu)軸均密(mi)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)毛;苞葉(xie)在(zai)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)者葉(xie)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),具(ju)(ju)短(duan)柄,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)超(chao)過聚(ju)傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)漸(jian)變小(xiao)呈苞片(pian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)與(yu)總梗(geng)相等,苞片(pian)及小(xiao)苞片(pian)細(xi)小(xiao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外密(mi)被(bei)灰(hui)白微柔(rou)(rou)毛,其(qi)間夾有腺點(dian),內(nei)(nei)面(mian)(mian)無(wu)毛,萼齒5,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),近等大(da),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)為(wei)萼長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之半,果時花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼增大(da),呈闊鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),基部(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)呈壺狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),脈紋明顯。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠紫(zi)色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外被(bei)短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛,內(nei)(nei)面(mian)(mian)無(wu)毛,冠筒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基部(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)方(fang)淺(qian)(qian)囊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),至喉(hou)部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)約(yue)1.2毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),冠檐二(er)唇形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)唇外反,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)2毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端具(ju)(ju)相等4圓(yuan)(yuan)裂(lie),下(xia)唇闊卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)凹。雄蕊4,內(nei)(nei)藏(zang)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),內(nei)(nei)藏(zang),先(xian)端相等2淺(qian)(qian)裂(lie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)盤(pan)環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。成熟小(xiao)堅果闊卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂端圓(yuan)(yuan),具(ju)(ju)腺點(dian)及白色(se)(se)髯毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、果期8-9月。
分布范圍
產黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),吉林,遼寧(ning),山(shan)西(xi),河(he)(he)南,陜西(xi),甘肅,四川,貴州,廣(guang)(guang)西(xi),廣(guang)(guang)東(dong),湖南,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西(xi),安(an)徽,浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇及臺(tai)灣(wan);常成叢(cong)生(sheng)于山(shan)坡、路旁(pang)、田(tian)邊、溪旁(pang)、河(he)(he)岸、草叢(cong)、灌叢(cong)、林下沙壤(rang)土(tu)上,海拔120-1250米。蘇聯遠東(dong)地區,朝鮮也有。模式標本采自(zi)我國東(dong)北(bei)松花江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)下游。
主要價值
全草入藥,治急性肝炎(yan)、急性膽囊炎(yan)、跌打瘀腫等癥(zheng)。