一.產品介紹
嘉蔭(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)發展歷史(shi):嘉蔭(yin)(yin)縣(xian)位于(yu)(yu)黑(hei)龍江中(zhong)下游,水(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu),水(shui)(shui)質好,無污染(ran),種植水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)有得(de)天獨厚的(de)環境優(you)勢。稻(dao)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui),米融于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui),嘉蔭(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)成熟期(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區晝夜溫差大(da)(da)(da)(da),使嘉蔭(yin)(yin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米芳香(xiang)爽口,是百姓餐桌上(shang)的(de)佳品(pin)(pin)(pin)。嘉蔭(yin)(yin)縣(xian)發展水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)的(de)的(de)歷史(shi)很(hen)短,上(shang)世紀80年(nian)代初水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)開(kai)始試驗性生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),但后來由于(yu)(yu)當地農(nong)(nong)(nong)民種植旱田習慣而沒有推(tui)廣(guang)開(kai)來。1999年(nian)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府重新確(que)定水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)計劃,在紅(hong)光鄉燎源村引進鐵力市水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)戶進行示(shi)范性生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)獲得(de)成功。2001年(nian)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府把綠色水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)確(que)定為主導產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)之一,大(da)(da)(da)(da)力扶(fu)持和(he)壯大(da)(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye),不斷加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)利建設(she)(she),滿足水(shui)(shui)田灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)需要,補貼建設(she)(she)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)育(yu)秧(yang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)棚,以基層(ceng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)推(tui)廣(guang)體(ti)系改(gai)革與建設(she)(she)為重點,建立了縣(xian)、鄉、村三(san)級農(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)推(tui)廣(guang)服務(wu)網絡,大(da)(da)(da)(da)力開(kai)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)民科(ke)技(ji)(ji)培訓(xun),向農(nong)(nong)(nong)民推(tui)廣(guang)先進栽培技(ji)(ji)術和(he)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種,稻(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)基本(ben)掌(zhang)握育(yu)苗(miao)、施肥、田間(jian)管理(li)等主要技(ji)(ji)術環節,使水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質逐年(nian)提高。截止目前,全縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)種植面積達14000畝,大(da)(da)(da)(da)棚育(yu)秧(yang)面積100%,優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種覆蓋率達到95%以上(shang),近三(san)年(nian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)平均(jun)畝產(chan)(chan)(chan)400公斤(jin),取得(de)了良好的(de)社會和(he)經濟效益,袁隆平先生(sheng)親自為嘉蔭(yin)(yin)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)種植基地題詞,水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)種植成為嘉蔭(yin)(yin)縣(xian)種植業(ye)(ye)的(de)三(san)駕馬(ma)車之一。
二.自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素
1.土壤(rang)地貌情(qing)況:嘉蔭(yin)縣多為黑鈣土、沙(sha)壤(rang)土,pH值(zhi)在(zai)6.5-7.5左右(you),土壤(rang)肥沃、耕性良好,嘉蔭(yin)縣地勢走向西(xi)南(nan)(nan)高、東北低,小興安(an)嶺余(yu)脈呈雞(ji)爪狀向黑龍江邊(bian)延申,溝壑縱(zong)橫、丘陵起伏(fu)、漫崗平原(yuan)相間,西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部守虎山。
2.水(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:嘉(jia)蔭(yin)縣水(shui)資源豐富,除(chu)黑(hei)龍(long)江流經本(ben)縣245公里之外,直接流入(ru)黑(hei)龍(long)江大(da)小河流有26條。以(yi)黑(hei)龍(long)江水(shui)、地下(xia)水(shui)為(wei)主要水(shui)源,水(shui)質分別達到地表水(shui)環(huan)境質量GB3838的一級標(biao)準和生(sheng)活飲用水(shui)GB5749的標(biao)準。嘉(jia)蔭(yin)縣是(shi)農業(ye)縣以(yi)種植業(ye)為(wei)主,沒有大(da)型工業(ye)污染企業(ye),幾(ji)乎(hu)沒有污染,因此,水(shui)資源保持(chi)良好(hao)。
3.氣(qi)候情況:嘉(jia)蔭縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處北溫帶季風(feng)大(da)陸氣(qi)候區(qu),由于地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢和地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)的(de) 變化,使嘉(jia)蔭縣(xian)氣(qi)候差異很大(da),致可(ke)分為(wei)二(er)個小(xiao)氣(qi)候區(qu)。一是(shi)位于小(xiao)興(xing)嶺北 坡的(de)青(qing)山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、滬嘉(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、常勝鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、烏啦嘎鎮(zhen)(zhen)大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、保興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屬(shu)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)小(xiao)氣(qi)候區(qu)。冬(dong)季漫長寒冷、夏(xia)季短促(cu)多雨(yu)。積溫10≥1600℃左(zuo)右(you),無霜期(qi)90天左(zuo)右(you)、降雨(yu)量(liang)530毫(hao)米左(zuo)右(you)。二(er)是(shi)常勝鄉(xiang)(xiang)東北部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、烏云鎮(zhen)(zhen)、向陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)東部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、朝陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)、保興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)東部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)。冬(dong)季,西(xi)伯(bo)利(li)亞寒流長驅直入,風(feng)大(da)、嚴寒、干燥(zao)。無霜期(qi)120左(zuo)右(you)、降雨(yu)量(liang)650毫(hao)米左(zuo)右(you)。全縣(xian)平均無霜期(qi)115天、年降雨(yu)量(liang)588毫(hao)米,年日照時(shi)數2377小(xiao)時(shi)。
4.人文歷(li)史情(qing)況:據1992年(nian)(nian)縣(xian)志記(ji)載,嘉(jia)蔭縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展(zhan)的(de)(de)歷(li)史很短。解放(fang)前,采金工作用(yong)的(de)(de)糧食(shi)多數(shu)靠外進。1927年(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)百多戶農(nong)(nong)(nong)民僅有3000多畝(mu)耕(geng)地(di)(di)。解放(fang)后,農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產發展(zhan)迅速。耕(geng)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)由1949年(nian)(nian)41700畝(mu)發展(zhan)到1985年(nian)(nian)393000畝(mu),到目(mu)前為(wei)止,嘉(jia)蔭縣(xian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)已達1316200畝(mu)。糧食(shi)主要作物(wu)是大豆、水稻等。
三.地域范圍
嘉(jia)蔭(yin)(yin)水(shui)稻產地(di)位于黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省伊春(chun)市(shi)嘉(jia)蔭(yin)(yin)縣,縣所轄(xia)3鎮6鄉(xiang)(xiang):烏云(yun)鎮、朝陽鎮、烏拉嘎鎮、常(chang)勝鄉(xiang)(xiang)、滬嘉(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、向(xiang)陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)、青山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、保(bao)興鄉(xiang)(xiang)。地(di)理坐標為(wei):東經129°09′-130°45′,北緯48°07′-49°25′,全縣平(ping)均海拔230米(mi)左右。嘉(jia)蔭(yin)(yin)縣北與(yu)(yu)俄(e)羅(luo)斯隔江(jiang)相望(wang),以黑(hei)龍江(jiang)為(wei)界。西至常(chang)勝、滬嘉(jia)、青山分別(bie)與(yu)(yu)遜(xun)克縣、湯旺(wang)河林區(qu)接壤(rang),南至烏拉嘎、保(bao)興與(yu)(yu)鶴崗、蘿北接壤(rang),區(qu)域保(bao)護面積150000公頃。生(sheng)產面積800公頃,年總產量(liang)4800噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1.外在感官特征(zheng):水稻所生產的大米(mi),形狀縱長(chang),長(chang)度(du)約為0.8mm左(zuo)右(you),寬度(du)為0.3mm左(zuo)右(you)白色顆粒。
2.內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:嘉蔭水稻生(sheng)產的大米營養(yang)豐富,含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)、糖類(lei)、鈣(gai)、磷、鐵、葡萄糖、果糖、麥(mai)芽糖、維生(sheng)素(su)B1、維生(sheng)素(su)B2等。
3.安全(quan)要求:嘉蔭水(shui)稻嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)按照《嘉蔭縣無公害水(shui)稻生產操作(zuo)技術(shu)規程》NY 5115-2002進行操作(zuo),嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行肥料使(shi)用的標(biao)準NY/T 496。嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行農(nong)藥使(shi)用的標(biao)準GB 4285、GB/T 8321(所有(you)部(bu)分)。嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)遵(zun)守《農(nong)產品質(zhi)量安全(quan)法》規定(ding)。
五.特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
1.產(chan)地選擇(ze):在全縣各鄉鎮選擇(ze)土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、耕性良好(hao)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang),應符合NY 5116-2002的(de)規(gui)定。
2.品種選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)用(yong)通過國家(jia)或(huo)地方審定并在當地示范(fan)成功的(de)優質、高(gao)產品種。種子質量應(ying)符合GB4404.1的(de)規定。選(xuan)用(yong)抗(kang)蟲、抗(kang)病性(xing)強(qiang)的(de)品種,并注意定期更換。
3.生產過程管理(li): 3.1.合理(li)稀(xi)植(zhi)(zhi) 直播稻(dao)(dao)(dao):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量常規(gui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為每(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi) 3kg-4kg,雜交稻(dao)(dao)(dao)2kg-2.5kg。提倡采用生物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑包(bao)衣的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,以防(fang)地下(xia)害(hai)蟲危害(hai)。要求(qiu)注意播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量,確保全苗。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出苗后應及時(shi)疏密補空。移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)稻(dao)(dao)(dao):早(zao)、晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)密度常規(gui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)一般為每(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)2萬(wan)(wan)穴(xue)(xue),每(mei)穴(xue)(xue)3本(ben)(ben)(ben)-4本(ben)(ben)(ben),雜交稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為每(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi) 1.5萬(wan)(wan)穴(xue)(xue)-2.0萬(wan)(wan)穴(xue)(xue),每(mei)穴(xue)(xue)1本(ben)(ben)(ben)-2本(ben)(ben)(ben);單季稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為每(mei)667 平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi) 1.2萬(wan)(wan)穴(xue)(xue)-1.7萬(wan)(wan)穴(xue)(xue),常規(gui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)每(mei)穴(xue)(xue)3本(ben)(ben)(ben)-4本(ben)(ben)(ben),雜交稻(dao)(dao)(dao)1本(ben)(ben)(ben)-2本(ben)(ben)(ben)。提倡寬行(xing)(xing)窄(zhai)株(zhu)或(huo)寬窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)規(gui)格早(zao)、晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為25.0cm×13.3cm-16.7cm或(huo)(33.3cm+16.7cm)×13.3cm-16.7cm,即行(xing)(xing)距(ju)25.0cm,株(zhu)距(ju)13.3cm-16.7cm或(huo)寬行(xing)(xing)33.3cm、窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)16.7cm、株(zhu)距(ju)13.3cm-16.7cm;單降稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為25cm-30cm×16.7cm或(huo)(33.3cm+16.7cm)×16.7cm。超級(ji)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)優質稻(dao)(dao)(dao)起畦超稀(xi)植(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)培,移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)規(gui)格33.3cm×20.0cm-25.0cm,每(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)0.8萬(wan)(wan)穴(xue)(xue)-1.0萬(wan)(wan)穴(xue)(xue),每(mei)穴(xue)(xue)2本(ben)(ben)(ben)。
3.2.平衡(heng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 有(you)機、無機結合(he),氮(dan)、磷、鉀(jia)(jia)配(pei)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong):提(ti)倡(chang)測土配(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei),一般有(you)機肥(fei)占總(zong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量的(de)30%以上,氮(dan)∶磷∶鉀(jia)(jia)(N∶五(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)磷∶氧(yang)化(hua)鉀(jia)(jia))一般為1∶0.5∶1。嚴格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)總(zong)量:每(mei)667 平方米(mi)大田施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)總(zong)量為早、晚稻控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)純氮(dan)(N)8 kg-12kg,磷(五(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)磷)4 kg-5kg,鉀(jia)(jia)(氧(yang)化(hua)鉀(jia)(jia))8 kg-12kg,單季稻控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)純氮(dan)(N)12 kg-15 kg、磷(五(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)磷)6kg-7kg、鉀(jia)(jia)(氧(yang)化(hua)鉀(jia)(jia))12kg-15kg,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸鋅(xin)1kg-2kg。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方法:施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足基(ji)面(mian)肥(fei),適施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)蘗(bo)肥(fei)和穗肥(fei)。一般氮(dan)肥(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%~70%作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)面(mian)肥(fei),20%-30%作(zuo)(zuo)分(fen)蘗(bo)肥(fei),10%-20%作(zuo)(zuo)穗肥(fei);磷肥(fei)全部(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong);鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)基(ji)、蘗(bo)肥(fei)各占50%。也可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)一次性全層施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei),將專用(yong)(yong)(yong)復(fu)配(pei)肥(fei)料在(zai)(zai)平田時一次性施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入耕作(zuo)(zuo)層土壤,但在(zai)(zai)砂壤田不宜采用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
3.3.合(he)理灌(guan)(guan)溉 灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)質(zhi)要求:應符(fu)合(he)NY 5116-2002的(de)規(gui)定。灌(guan)(guan)溉方法(fa):返青(qing)期保持淺水(shui)層,分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)期濕潤(run)灌(guan)(guan)溉,苗數達(da)到(dao)穗(sui)數的(de)80%-90%時(shi)開始露田(tian)和曬(shai)田(tian),采取(qu)多次輕曬(shai),以(yi)控(kong)制無效分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo),促進根(gen)系下(xia)扎(zha)生長和壯稈健株(zhu)。穗(sui)分(fen)(fen)化后灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)并保持淺水(shui)層至抽穗(sui)揚花期。灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)成(cheng)熟期間歇灌(guan)(guan)溉、干(gan)濕交替。收獲(huo)前7天左右(you)斷水(shui)。
3.4.有害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)控治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術 農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗性強的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)。品種(zhong)(zhong)定期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪換,保持(chi)品種(zhong)(zhong)抗性,減輕病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)合理耕(geng)作制(zhi)度、輪作換茬(cha)、種(zhong)(zhong)養(稻(dao)(dao)(dao)鴨、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)魚、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)蟹等(deng))結合、健(jian)身栽培等(deng)農(nong)(nong)藝措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),減少有害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):通過選(xuan)擇對(dui)天(tian)敵(di)(di)殺(sha)傷力小的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)、低(di)毒性代學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),避開自然天(tian)敵(di)(di)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)敏感時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),創造適宜(yi)自然天(tian)敵(di)(di)繁殖的(de)(de)(de)環境等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),保持(chi)天(tian)敵(di)(di);利用(yong)(yong)(yong)及(ji)釋放天(tian)敵(di)(di)控制(zhi)有害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)黑光(guang)(guang)燈、震頻式殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、色(se)光(guang)(guang)板等(deng)物(wu)理裝置誘(you)殺(sha)鱗翅目(mu)、同(tong)翅目(mu)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)):稻(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟病(bing)(bing)(bing)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15790的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,當稻(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心病(bing)(bing)(bing)團出(chu)(chu)現時(shi),每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三環唑(zuo)20g-25g或(huo)(huo)(huo)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟靈28g-40g噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15791的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,在(zai)(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)分蘗(bo)至孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、抽穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),當分蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)叢(cong)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)15%~20%、孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)30%以上(shang)時(shi),每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)崗霉素10g-12.5g加水(shui)50kg噴(pen)霧(wu)1-2次,低(di)于(yu)此(ci)指標可以不施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。白葉(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)白葉(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)常(chang)發(fa)區,于(yu)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)葉(xie)枯唑(zuo)30g-40g加水(shui)50 kg噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);尤其在(zai)(zai)大風(feng)、暴雨、洪澇等(deng)災(zai)害(hai)之后,水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)葉(xie)片受(shou)到損(sun)傷,應及(ji)時(shi)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)上(shang)述藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji),防(fang)止病(bing)(bing)(bing)情暴發(fa)。惡苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗二硫氰基甲烷或(huo)(huo)(huo)咪(mi)鮮胺(an)溶液浸種(zhong)(zhong)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)(qu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)中(zhong)(zhong)、后期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)崗霉素10g-12.5g兌(dui)(dui)水(shui)50 kg對(dui)穗(sui)(sui)部進(jin)行噴(pen)霧(wu)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)):二化螟(ming)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15792及(ji)NY/T 59的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,在(zai)(zai)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)苗枯鞘高峰(feng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雙(shuang)36g-45g或(huo)(huo)(huo)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)單(dan)45g-55g或(huo)(huo)(huo)三唑(zuo)磷20g兌(dui)(dui)水(shui)50kg噴(pen)霧(wu),但蠶桑養殖地(di)區不宜(yi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雙(shuang)、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)單(dan)。三化螟(ming)根據(ju)(ju)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)情預(yu)報(bao),掌(zhang)握(wo)(wo)在(zai)(zai)螟(ming)卵(luan)(luan)孵化初盛期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),每(mei)(mei)667 平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)卵(luan)(luan)塊發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)量在(zai)(zai)50塊以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)塊進(jin)行藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)類同(tong)二化螟(ming)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15794的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,當百(bai)叢(cong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量達(da)1500頭(tou)(tou)-2000頭(tou)(tou),每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)噻嗪酮7g-10g或(huo)(huo)(huo)吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉1.5g-2g兌(dui)(dui)水(shui)50 kg,針對(dui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)株中(zhong)(zhong)下部噴(pen)霧(wu)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉(xie)螟(ming)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15793的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,掌(zhang)握(wo)(wo)在(zai)(zai)主害(hai)代1、2齡幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)盛發(fa)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(稻(dao)(dao)(dao)葉(xie)初卷期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi))。當分蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)叢(cong)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)65頭(tou)(tou)-85頭(tou)(tou)、孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)40頭(tou)(tou)-60頭(tou)(tou)以上(shang)時(shi),進(jin)行藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雙(shuang)、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)單(dan);此(ci)外,也可用(yong)(yong)(yong)毒死蜱32g-40g兌(dui)(dui)水(shui)50kg噴(pen)霧(wu)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)株中(zhong)(zhong)、上(shang)部。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)薊馬在(zai)(zai)苗期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)現葉(xie)尖(jian)卷曲(qu)(qu)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)10%以上(shang)、百(bai)株蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量300頭(tou)(tou)-500頭(tou)(tou)以上(shang)時(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雙(shuang)27g-36g或(huo)(huo)(huo)丁硫克百(bai)威或(huo)(huo)(huo)吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉1.5g-2g兌(dui)(dui)水(shui)50kg噴(pen)霧(wu)。雜(za)草防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):秧(yang)田(tian)雜(za)草于(yu)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后0-10d,每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)草丹乳(ru)油(you)100g-125g、禾草敵(di)(di)乳(ru)油(you)96g-140g或(huo)(huo)(huo)丁草胺(an)30g或(huo)(huo)(huo)芐嘧磺(huang)(huang)隆(long)1.5g-2g兌(dui)(dui)水(shui)30kg噴(pen)霧(wu)。移(yi)(yi)栽前雜(za)草在(zai)(zai)移(yi)(yi)栽前2d-10d,每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)百(bai)草枯20g-40g兌(dui)(dui)水(shui)50kg細噴(pen)霧(wu),殺(sha)滅田(tian)間(jian)雜(za)草。本田(tian)雜(za)草于(yu)移(yi)(yi)栽后5d-10d,每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)禾草丹乳(ru)油(you)100g-125g或(huo)(huo)(huo)吡嘧磺(huang)(huang)隆(long)6.25g或(huo)(huo)(huo)田(tian)草光(guang)(guang)(芐嘧磺(huang)(huang)隆(long)與丁草胺(an)復配劑(ji)(ji)(ji))25g-30g拌化肥或(huo)(huo)(huo)細泥(ni)土30kg撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)。
4.產(chan)品收(shou)(shou)獲:實行無(wu)公害稻谷與普通稻谷分收(shou)(shou)、分曬。禁止在公路、瀝青路面及粉(fen)塵污染嚴重的(de)地方脫粒、曬谷。
5.生產記錄:對(dui)嘉蔭水稻(dao)生產的全過程,要建立田間生產技術檔案,全面記載(zai),以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定(ding)
嘉蔭水(shui)稻(dao)收(shou)獲后,脫粒進行(xing)包(bao)裝,在運(yun)輸過程(cheng)中(zhong):運(yun)輸工具應清潔(jie)、干燥(zao)、有防雨設(she)施(shi)。嚴禁(jin)與有毒、有害(hai)(hai)、有腐(fu)蝕性、有異味(wei)的(de)物品(pin)混運(yun)。在避(bi)光(guang)、常溫、干燥(zao)和(he)有防潮設(she)施(shi)的(de)地(di)方貯(zhu)藏。貯(zhu)藏設(she)施(shi)應清潔(jie)、干燥(zao)、通風、無蟲害(hai)(hai)和(he)鼠(shu)害(hai)(hai)。嚴禁(jin)與有毒、有害(hai)(hai)、有腐(fu)蝕性、易發霉、發潮、有異味(wei)的(de)物品(pin)混存。產品(pin)使用“嘉蔭水(shui)稻(dao)”農產品(pin)地(di)理標志。