一、天平秤的原理是什么

天(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)稱(cheng)量(liang)物(wu)(wu)體重量(liang)的(de)衡器，它(ta)有兩(liang)種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)：1、機械式天(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)：機械式天(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)常說的(de)托盤(pan)(pan)(pan)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)，它(ta)的(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)主要(yao)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)杠(gang)桿(gan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，確切(qie)來(lai)說，托盤(pan)(pan)(pan)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)等臂杠(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)衡原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，天(tian)平(ping)(ping)的(de)橫梁就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個杠(gang)桿(gan)，在杠(gang)桿(gan)的(de)兩(liang)端各(ge)有一(yi)小盤(pan)(pan)(pan)，左端放(fang)物(wu)(wu)體、右端放(fang)砝碼(ma)，杠(gang)桿(gan)中(zhong)央裝有指針，兩(liang)端平(ping)(ping)衡時，兩(liang)端的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)（重量(liang)）相等，根據砝碼(ma)的(de)重量(liang)即可得知(zhi)物(wu)(wu)體的(de)重量(liang)。2、電(dian)子天(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)：電(dian)子天(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)和托盤(pan)(pan)(pan)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)不同，它(ta)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)磁力補償(chang)平(ping)(ping)衡原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，實(shi)質(zhi)也是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)杠(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)衡，只是(shi)(shi)在杠(gang)桿(gan)的(de)一(yi)端采用(yong)(yong)了電(dian)磁力，當(dang)稱(cheng)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)上(shang)加載稱(cheng)物(wu)(wu)m2時，杠(gang)桿(gan)偏離零(ling)位(wei)(wei)，此(ci)時零(ling)位(wei)(wei)指示器有偏差信(xin)號產(chan)生，經過(guo)放(fang)大器和調節器等一(yi)系列轉換后，使線圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)I增大，電(dian)磁力矩右也將一(yi)起增大，杠(gang)桿(gan)回到原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)平(ping)(ping)衡位(wei)(wei)置，即天(tian)平(ping)(ping)的(de)零(ling)位(wei)(wei)，最后把電(dian)信(xin)號處(chu)理(li)(li)成為(wei)數字信(xin)號，數顯在顯示屏(ping)上(shang)。

二、天平秤的作用

天平(ping)秤是用(yong)來測(ce)量物體(ti)重量的衡器(qi)，它的主要作(zuo)用(yong)就是稱(cheng)一(yi)些小計(ji)(ji)量物品，一(yi)般用(yong)于科(ke)研(yan)機構、學校(xiao)實驗室(shi)、藥(yao)店等場所，根據(ju)不同的精度可分(fen)為普(pu)通天平(ping)、精密天平(ping)和(he)分(fen)析天平(ping)；除此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)，一(yi)些計(ji)(ji)量部門(men)、商檢(jian)部門(men)也會用(yong)天平(ping)秤來檢(jian)查(cha)或校(xiao)準砝碼，這種稱(cheng)為檢(jian)定天平(ping)。

三、天平秤怎么使用

1、機械天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)方(fang)法：（1）將托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置在(zai)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，游(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)指(zhi)向紅色0刻(ke)(ke)度線。（2）調(diao)節(jie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)螺(luo)母(mu)（天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)母(mu)）調(diao)節(jie)零(ling)點(dian)直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)央刻(ke)(ke)度線直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)橫梁水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)位(wei)置平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)。（小(xiao)口(kou)(kou)訣(jue)：放(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)移零(ling)調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，螺(luo)母(mu)調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)反指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)/走高(gao)端。）（3）左托盤(pan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu)，右(you)托盤(pan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。根據稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)狀(zhuang)，放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)玻璃器皿或潔凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)上(shang)，事先(xian)應(ying)在(zai)同一天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得玻璃器皿或紙(zhi)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，然(ran)后(hou)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)待(dai)(dai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)質。（4）砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)用(yong)鑷(nie)子(zi)夾(jia)取(qu)，千(qian)萬不能把(ba)砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)弄濕、弄臟（這樣(yang)會讓砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生銹，砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變大，測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)果不準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)），游(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也要用(yong)鑷(nie)子(zi)撥動(dong)。（5）添加(jia)砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)從估(gu)(gu)計稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)加(jia)起(qi)，逐(zhu)步減小(xiao)。托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)只能稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)到0.1克。加(jia)減砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)并移動(dong)標(biao)尺上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)再次(ci)對(dui)(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)央刻(ke)(ke)度線。（小(xiao)口(kou)(kou)訣(jue)：先(xian)估(gu)(gu)后(hou)測(ce)，左物(wu)(wu)右(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，由大到小(xiao)，后(hou)移游(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)）（6）過冷過熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體不可放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，應(ying)先(xian)在(zai)干燥(zao)器內(nei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置至(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)溫后(hou)再稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。（7）物(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+游(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)標(biao)尺上(shang)所(suo)對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)(ke)度值(zhi)。（M左=M右(you)+M游(you)(you)）2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)方(fang)法：（1）調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)：多種天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)開機前(qian)，應(ying)觀察天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)部水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)儀內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水泡是(shi)否(fou)位(wei)于圓(yuan)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央，否(fou)則(ze)通(tong)過天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地腳螺(luo)栓調(diao)節(jie)，左旋升(sheng)高(gao)，右(you)旋下降。（2）預熱(re)：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)初次(ci)接通(tong)電(dian)源或長(chang)時(shi)間斷(duan)電(dian)后(hou)開機時(shi)，至(zhi)(zhi)少需要30分鐘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預熱(re)時(shi)間。因此，實驗室(shi)電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)情(qing)況下，不要經(jing)常(chang)(chang)切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)源。（3）稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)：按下ON/OFF鍵(jian)，接通(tong)顯示(shi)器，等待(dai)(dai)儀器自(zi)檢(jian)。當顯示(shi)器顯示(shi)零(ling)時(shi)，自(zi)檢(jian)過程(cheng)結(jie)束，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)可進行稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)；放(fang)(fang)(fang)置稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙(zhi)，按顯示(shi)屏兩側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵(jian)去皮，待(dai)(dai)顯示(shi)器顯示(shi)零(ling)時(shi)，在(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙(zhi)加(jia)所(suo)要稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試劑(ji)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)完畢，按ON/OFF鍵(jian)，關斷(duan)顯示(shi)器。

四、電子天平多少錢一臺

電子天平是新型的天平秤，是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一，具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點，它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品，價格也有所不同，一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面，價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候，要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品，并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面，選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。

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