一、雨水收集系統的原理
雨水收集系統,指雨水(shui)(shui)收集(ji)(ji)(ji)的整個過程,可分五大環節,即通過雨水(shui)(shui)收集(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)道收集(ji)(ji)(ji)雨水(shui)(shui)-棄流截(jie)污(wu)-PP雨水(shui)(shui)收集(ji)(ji)(ji)池儲存雨水(shui)(shui)-過濾(lv)消毒-凈化回用。
雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集(ji)系統的原(yuan)理:下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)時,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)管網對屋面雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進行(xing)收(shou)集(ji),初期雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)由于(yu)含(han)污量比較(jiao)高(gao),應先經(jing)過(guo)棄(qi)流裝置棄(qi)流后進入雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集(ji)池,當收(shou)集(ji)池滿后通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)溢(yi)流堰溢(yi)流至下(xia)游雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網。雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用時,將儲存在收(shou)集(ji)池內(nei)的雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)過(guo)濾及消(xiao)毒后,排至清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池進行(xing)回(hui)用。
二、雨水收集系統有哪些作用
1、雨水有效改善區域生態環境
將雨水收(shou)集(ji)、利用或回(hui)灌(guan)地(di)下(xia),可(ke)減輕城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)防洪(hong)排(pai)澇(lao)壓力,防止城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)因(yin)排(pai)澇(lao)設施不完善(shan)導致(zhi)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)雨水排(pai)泄不暢(chang)和洪(hong)澇(lao)等災害的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng);削(xue)減雨季峰流量(liang)維持河川的(de)水量(liang),增加水分的(de)蒸發(fa)(fa),從(cong)而改善(shan)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)抑制環境(jing)(jing)(jing)惡化,減少或避(bi)免馬(ma)路(lu)及庭(ting)院(yuan)的(de)積水,改善(shan)小(xiao)區水環境(jing)(jing)(jing),從(cong)而提(ti)高城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)居民的(de)生(sheng)活環境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量(liang)。
2、雨水提高水資源利用率
雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)作日常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)沖廁、洗(xi)(xi)衣物、澆灌(guan)花草(cao)等(deng)(deng),所以生活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)不必再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)常規(gui)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)。再(zai)者由(you)于(yu)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)的鈣(gai)鹽含量低,屬軟水(shui)(shui),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)作冷卻水(shui)(shui)。雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)也(ye)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)工業,可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來清洗(xi)(xi)機器、車間清洗(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng),減少工業上自來水(shui)(shui)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量。還可(ke)(ke)(ke)作市(shi)政用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)道路清洗(xi)(xi)、澆灌(guan)城市(shi)綠(lv)化等(deng)(deng)。
3、補充地下水
地下水大部分都是利用雨水、自來水或中水作為補充,其中后兩種方法造價相比于雨水來說偏高,而且中水補充還有污染地下水的可能。利用雨水補充地下水資源則是最經(jing)濟的方(fang)法。
4、雨水減輕城市防洪、排水系統壓力
多(duo)單元的雨水利用,可以蓄到(dao)大雨的前(qian)中期(qi)水量,還能起到(dao)洪水錯峰的作用,從總量上減少排入市政管網(wang)和河湖的雨水量。