景點介紹
在漳州(zhou)角(jiao)美(mei)鎮(zhen)青礁(jiao)文圃山(shan)脈岐(qi)山(shan)東鳴(ming)嶺(ling)下,又稱慈(ci)(ci)(ci)濟東宮,供奉宋(song)(song)代民間神醫吳夲(ben)(979-1036年(nian),音滔,從(cong)(cong)大從(cong)(cong)十)。省級文物保護單(dan)位宋(song)(song)仁宗(zong)景祐(you)三年(nian)(1036年(nian)),吳夲(ben)深入(ru)閩南瘟疫(yi)流行地(di)區,拯救萬(wan)(wan)民,采藥(yao)時不幸(xing)落崖謝世。當地(di)人民于其故(gu)鄉白礁(jiao)村,建“龍(long)湫庵(an)”,雕像祀(si)奉。為白礁(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)濟宮前身(shen),宋(song)(song)紹(shao)興二十一年(nian)(1151年(nian))建廟(miao),宋(song)(song)孝(xiao)宗(zong)賜廟(miao)號曰“慈(ci)(ci)(ci)濟”;宋(song)(song)淳祐(you)元(yuan)年(nian)(1241年(nian))改廟(miao)為宮,青礁(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)濟宮因方位在白礁(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)濟宮東,故(gu)名(ming)慈(ci)(ci)(ci)濟東宮,明(ming)成祖封吳夲(ben)為萬(wan)(wan)壽無極(ji)保生大帝,民間俗稱大道公。
宮分(fen)五殿(dian),飛(fei)檐(yan)交錯。主殿(dian)有(you)12根蟠(pan)龍(long)大石(shi)柱,上(shang)刻(ke)蟠(pan)龍(long)騰云、八仙游山(shan)及山(shan)川禽獸(shou)等,其中一(yi)(yi)對(dui)石(shi)柱如花瓶(ping)狀,在福(fu)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宮廟建(jian)筑(zhu)中難(nan)得一(yi)(yi)見。宮內的(de)(de)(de)(de)大幅青石(shi)浮雕上(shang)刻(ke)著(zhu)龍(long)虎和(he)(he)隋(sui)唐(tang)故事,另兩(liang)幅石(shi)屏上(shang)則雕繪哪吒鬧(nao)海的(de)(de)(de)(de)故事,梁上(shang)木(mu)刻(ke)有(you)獅象龍(long)鳳和(he)(he)奇花異卉,雕工精細,金碧輝煌。彩(cai)畫(hua)中有(you)一(yi)(yi)幅鳳頭、龍(long)尾(wei)、龜(gui)身、四(si)腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)神物,很(hen)是怪異。畫(hua)著(zhu)傳(chuan)說故事的(de)(de)(de)(de)油彩(cai)畫(hua)和(he)(he)黑底描(miao)金畫(hua)雖(sui)歷(li)經滄(cang)桑,色(se)(se)彩(cai)依然鮮(xian)明。殿(dian)頂鋪綠色(se)(se)琉璃瓦,四(si)周環飾著(zhu)彩(cai)陶綴成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各色(se)(se)人物和(he)(he)12條龍(long)。二層閣(ge)樓(lou)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘鼓樓(lou),藻井(jing)為(wei)木(mu)拱結構,層層疊疊,玲瓏(long)輕巧。樓(lou)內大鐘鑄于清康(kang)熙(xi)三十六(liu)年(1697年)。宮中還(huan)保存著(zhu)康(kang)熙(xi)、嘉慶(qing)、咸豐、光緒等朝代的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)修(xiu)碑(bei)記宮后的(de)(de)(de)(de)岐山(shan),有(you)涼傘(san)樹、“心”字(zi)石(shi)、丹井(jing)藥泉(quan)等景致。“心”字(zi)石(shi)形(xing)似人心,“心”字(zi)中間一(yi)(yi)點(dian)卻放(fang)在底下(xia)。
青礁慈濟宮
歷史沿革
該宮始建于南宋(song)(song)紹興二(er)(er)十一年(nian)(nian)(1151),奉祀北宋(song)(song)著名的民間醫(yi)生吳夲(ben)(音(yin)tāo )。吳夲(ben)(979~1036),字華基,號(hao)云沖,出身于白礁村的貧(pin)苦(ku)農(nong)民家(jia)庭,年(nian)(nian)輕時(shi)云游四方,拜師學醫(yi)并選定龍(long)池巖作為其修道、煉(lian)丹、行(xing)醫(yi)之處。吳夲(ben)不僅(jin)醫(yi)術高(gao)明,且醫(yi)德高(gao)尚,治病(bing)不分貴賤,不取報酬。宋(song)(song)明道二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1033)漳州(zhou)、泉州(zhou)瘟疫流(liu)行(xing),因吳夲(ben)義診施藥(yao)而(er)得以(yi)存活(huo)者(zhe)難以(yi)計數。民間還流(liu)傳(chuan)吳夲(ben)治愈(yu)宋(song)(song)仁宗母后(hou)的乳癌,被封為“妙道真(zhen)人(ren)”而(er)揚名四海(hai)的事跡。景(jing)祐三年(nian)(nian)(1036)五月(yue)初二(er)(er),吳夲(ben)在文圃山采藥(yao)不幸墜崖而(er)死,時(shi)年(nian)(nian)58歲。
吳(wu)(wu)夲(ben)逝世(shi)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)二年(nian),即宋(song)(song)仁(ren)宗景(jing)祐四年(nian)(1037年(nian)),白礁村的(de)(de)(de)父老鄉(xiang)親為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念這(zhe)位救(jiu)死扶傷的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)醫,自(zi)發籌款在家鄉(xiang)建(jian)“龍(long)湫庵”,庵內雕塑吳(wu)(wu)真人形象,虔(qian)誠供(gong)奉。宋(song)(song)紹(shao)興二十(shi)年(nian)(1150年(nian))宋(song)(song)高宗頒詔動支(zhi)銀庫、遣使監工(gong),把(ba)龍(long)湫庵改建(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一座宮(gong)(gong)殿式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)宇,賜名(ming)(ming)“慈(ci)濟(ji)(ji)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”。宋(song)(song)紹(shao)興二十(shi)一年(nian)(1151年(nian)),后因進(jin)香人數(shu)眾多(duo),又(you)在吳(wu)(wu)夲(ben)煉丹處另(ling)建(jian)青(qing)礁慈(ci)濟(ji)(ji)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),由(you)此形成(cheng)東西(xi)兩廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。淳(chun)祐元年(nian)(1241),奉敕改廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宮(gong)(gong),白礁慈(ci)濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)稱西(xi)宮(gong)(gong),青(qing)礁慈(ci)濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong),也則稱東宮(gong)(gong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彰(zhang)示(shi)吳(wu)(wu)夲(ben)的(de)(de)(de)德行,自(zi)宋(song)(song)代以來(lai),歷朝(chao)皇帝(di)先后予以追(zhui)(zhui)賜封(feng)(feng)號之殊(shu)榮,其中尤以北宋(song)(song)仁(ren)宗追(zhui)(zhui)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)“妙道真人”和明成(cheng)祖(zu)追(zhui)(zhui)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)生大(da)(da)帝(di)”最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming),吳(wu)(wu)夲(ben)亦因此被(bei)民間(jian)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“吳(wu)(wu)真人”、“保(bao)(bao)(bao)生大(da)(da)帝(di)”或(huo)“大(da)(da)道公”,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)備(bei)受后人敬仰的(de)(de)(de)醫神和鄉(xiang)土保(bao)(bao)(bao)護神。明末清(qing)初,白礁300多(duo)人隨(sui)著(zhu)鄭成(cheng)功收復(fu)臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan),對(dui)吳(wu)(wu)真人的(de)(de)(de)信仰也隨(sui)之廣(guang)泛傳入臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)和東南(nan)亞地區。至今,僅臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)就有數(shu)以百計的(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)(wu)真人宮(gong)(gong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),還成(cheng)立了“臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)生大(da)(da)帝(di)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)宇聯誼會(hui)”,這(zhe)些經由(you)大(da)(da)陸傳爐的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)都遙奉漳州的(de)(de)(de)白礁慈(ci)濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)和青(qing)礁慈(ci)濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)和為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),每年(nian)組織大(da)(da)規模進(jin)香團(tuan)前(qian)來(lai)舉辦瞻仰法會(hui)。
現(xian)存(cun)青礁(jiao)慈濟宮重建(jian)于清(qing)初,系(xi)重檐(yan)歇山頂磚石木結構三進建(jian)筑(zhu),坐西(xi)(xi)朝東,建(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)1305平方米。中軸線自東向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)逐漸(jian)增高,前殿重樓,由(you)檐(yan)廊(lang)、門(men)廳和鐘鼓樓組成(cheng);中殿為正殿,內(nei)供(gong)吳真人神像(xiang),殿前有(you)拜亭。后殿重建(jian)于1989年,內(nei)供(gong)佛道諸神。三殿由(you)兩側廊(lang)廡通連。宮內(nei)保存(cun)大量珍貴的石雕、木雕、彩(cai)繪藝術品,體現(xian)了(le)閩南匠師精(jing)湛的工(gong)藝水平。
青(qing)礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮還保(bao)(bao)存清康熙三十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1697)、嘉慶十(shi)(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1814)、咸豐四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1854)和(he)光緒(xu)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1896)四方重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)碑記,是研究宮廟(miao)歷代(dai)沿革的重(zhong)要文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)資(zi)料,而宮廟(miao)西北側(ce)山上的丹井、丹灶和(he)石臼,則是吳夲當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采制藥草使(shi)用過(guo)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)物。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),臺灣(wan)的吳真人信徒捐資(zi)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)三殿(dian)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經國家文(wen)(wen)(wen)物局批準,按歷史原(yuan)狀修(xiu)(xiu)復魁星樓(lou)和(he)武圣(sheng)樓(lou)。青(qing)礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)公(gong)布為(wei)市級(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)公(gong)布為(wei)省級(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)與白礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮共同被(bei)國務院(yuan)公(gong)布為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位,名為(wei)“青(qing)、白礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮”。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),被(bei)廈門市人民政府公(gong)布為(wei)涉臺文(wen)(wen)(wen)物古跡。保(bao)(bao)護范圍:由建筑體向(xiang)四面(mian)延(yan)長40米為(wei)界。