簡介
丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)又名赤參(can)(can)(can)(can),紅根等(deng)。為(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)子葉植物唇形科(ke),主產于山東(dong)、安徽(hui)、河南、陜(shan)西等(deng)地。功(gong)效:活血(xue)調(diao)經(jing),祛(qu)瘀止痛,涼血(xue)消癰,清心(xin)除煩,養(yang)血(xue)安神。丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)根據花(hua)(hua)色的區別(bie)可(ke)以分(fen)為(wei)(wei)紫花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)和(he)白花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can),其中白花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)相對紫花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can),更為(wei)(wei)稀有(you)和(he)珍貴,主要產于山東(dong)地區,具有(you)非常(chang)高(gao)的藥(yao)用價值,醫家(jia)一(yi)直將其視為(wei)(wei)珍品。白花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)系多年生草(cao)本植物,是(shi)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)族(zu)中的極(ji)品;經(jing)現代研(yan)究證(zheng)明,白花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)有(you)效成分(fen)是(shi)紫花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)的2-3倍,比紫花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)多出(chu)兩種化合物即四(si)氫(qing)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)醌(kun)和(he)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)醛,相比紫花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can),白花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)具有(you)更高(gao)的藥(yao)用價值。
生長環境
白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)主要生(sheng)(sheng)長在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),現(xian)主要產(chan)(chan)于山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu),為(wei)瀕危中(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)。白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)于2011年獲得(de)由國(guo)家(jia)工商總(zong)局(ju)批復(fu)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)志性證明商標(biao) 。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍為(wei)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)區境內(nei),涵蓋15個(ge)鎮(zhen)(街(jie)道(dao))56個(ge)行政村,總(zong)面(mian)積3萬畝(mu)。山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)區地(di)(di)(di)處泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)麓(lu),魯中(zhong)腹地(di)(di)(di),自(zi)古就(jiu)盛產(chan)(chan)多(duo)種中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai),是國(guo)內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)北(bei)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)區綿延幾百公(gong)里,以丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)為(wei)主,溪(xi)水(shui)涓流(liu),氣(qi)候(hou)適宜(yi),光(guang)照(zhao)充分(fen),降水(shui)量充足,砂質土壤,水(shui)質無污染,地(di)(di)(di)理環境和(he)自(zi)然條(tiao)件優越(yue),是白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)理想的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長之地(di)(di)(di)。白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)十幾年前(qian),已經幾乎滅絕,只是在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)(di)區有零星分(fen)布,為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)這一野生(sheng)(sheng)稀有物(wu)種,加快產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化研(yan)究(jiu)開發,專項成立了(le)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)天然藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo),取得(de)少量白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)種子,然后(hou)進(jin)行培(pei)育。基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)設(she)在(zai)(zai)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)北(bei)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)區的(de)(de)苗(miao)山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen),中(zhong)心與山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)大學(xue)、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)農業(ye)大學(xue)、泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)醫學(xue)院(yuan)等多(duo)家(jia)院(yuan)校建立了(le)長期(qi)合作關(guan)系(xi),主要是對山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)特產(chan)(chan)稀有物(wu)種白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)進(jin)行系(xi)統(tong)研(yan)究(jiu),同時也為(wei)對白(bai)(bai)花丹(dan)參(can)(can)這一稀有物(wu)種的(de)(de)規模化和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化進(jin)行了(le)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)和(he)實踐。
植物屬性
為(wei)多年生(sheng)草本植物,根(gen)肥厚(hou),外面(mian)紅色。莖高40~80厘米,有(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛。葉(xie)(xie)常為(wei)單數羽狀(zhuang),為(wei)復葉(xie)(xie);小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)1~3對(dui),卵形(xing)或(huo)橢圓狀(zhuang)卵形(xing),兩面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua),輪傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),組成頂生(sheng)或(huo)腋生(sheng)假總(zong)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),密生(sheng)腺毛或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛;苞 片披(pi)針形(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼白(bai)色,有(you)(you)(you)11條脈紋,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約11毫(hao)米,外有(you)(you)(you)腺毛,2唇形(xing),上唇闊(kuo)三角形(xing),頂端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)。3個聚合小(xiao)尖頭,下(xia)唇有(you)(you)(you)2齒(chi),三角形(xing)或(huo)近(jin)半圓形(xing);花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠白(bai)色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)2~2.7厘米,筒內有(you)(you)(you)毛環,上唇鐮刀形(xing),下(xia)唇短(duan)于上唇,3裂,中間裂片最(zui)大;雄(xiong)蕊(rui)著(zhu)生(sheng)下(xia)唇基部。小(xiao)堅果黑色,橢圓形(xing)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期4~6月(yue);果期7~8月(yue)。
地域范圍
萊(lai)蕪白花丹參的(de)地域保護范圍(wei)為山東省(sheng)萊(lai)蕪區(qu)境(jing)內。地理位置在東徑117°19′~117°58′,北緯36°02′~36°33′,主要(yao)涉及苗山、和莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、茶葉、口鎮(zhen)、雪野(ye)、大王莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、高莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、牛泉、辛莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、里(li)(li)辛、顏莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、黃莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、寨里(li)(li)、羊里(li)(li)、張(zhang)家洼等15個鎮(zhen)(街(jie)道(dao)),56個行政村,總面積2000公(gong)頃。