簡介
丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)又名赤參(can)(can),紅根等。為(wei)雙(shuang)子葉植物(wu)(wu)唇形科,主產(chan)于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)、安徽、河南、陜(shan)西等地。功(gong)效:活血調經,祛瘀止痛,涼血消癰(yong),清(qing)心除煩,養血安神。丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)根據花(hua)(hua)(hua)色的(de)區別可(ke)以分(fen)為(wei)紫(zi)(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)和(he)白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can),其中(zhong)白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)相對紫(zi)(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can),更(geng)為(wei)稀有(you)和(he)珍貴(gui),主要產(chan)于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)地區,具有(you)非常高的(de)藥用價(jia)值(zhi),醫家一直將其視為(wei)珍品(pin)。白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)系多年生草(cao)本植物(wu)(wu),是丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)族中(zhong)的(de)極品(pin);經現代研究證明,白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)有(you)效成分(fen)是紫(zi)(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)的(de)2-3倍,比紫(zi)(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)多出兩種化合物(wu)(wu)即四氫丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)醌和(he)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)醛,相比紫(zi)(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can),白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)具有(you)更(geng)高的(de)藥用價(jia)值(zhi)。
生長環境
白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)主(zhu)要生(sheng)長在山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),現(xian)主(zhu)要產(chan)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)東萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu),為(wei)瀕危中(zhong)草藥(yao)。白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)于2011年獲得(de)(de)由國(guo)家工(gong)商總局批復的(de)國(guo)家地(di)(di)(di)理標志性(xing)證明商標 。萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)域保(bao)護范(fan)圍為(wei)萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)區境內,涵蓋15個鎮(街(jie)道)56個行(xing)政村,總面積3萬(wan)畝。山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)區地(di)(di)(di)處泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓,魯中(zhong)腹地(di)(di)(di),自(zi)古(gu)就盛產(chan)多種中(zhong)藥(yao)材,是(shi)國(guo)內部(bu)分中(zhong)藥(yao)材重要生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)。萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區綿(mian)延(yan)幾百公里,以(yi)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)為(wei)主(zhu),溪水(shui)涓流,氣(qi)候適(shi)宜,光照充分,降水(shui)量充足,砂質土壤,水(shui)質無污染,地(di)(di)(di)理環境和(he)自(zi)然條件優(you)越,是(shi)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)理想的(de)生(sheng)長之地(di)(di)(di)。白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)十幾年前,已(yi)經幾乎滅絕,只(zhi)是(shi)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)東地(di)(di)(di)區有零星分布,為(wei)保(bao)護白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)這一(yi)野生(sheng)稀(xi)(xi)有物種,加快產(chan)業化研究(jiu)開發(fa),專項成立(li)了(le)(le)(le)萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)天然藥(yao)物研究(jiu)所,取得(de)(de)少量白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)的(de)種子,然后進(jin)行(xing)培育。基地(di)(di)(di)設在萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區的(de)苗山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮,中(zhong)心與山(shan)(shan)(shan)東中(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)大(da)學、山(shan)(shan)(shan)東農業大(da)學、泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)醫(yi)學院(yuan)等多家院(yuan)校(xiao)建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)長期合作關系(xi),主(zhu)要是(shi)對山(shan)(shan)(shan)東特(te)產(chan)稀(xi)(xi)有物種白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)進(jin)行(xing)系(xi)統(tong)研究(jiu),同時(shi)也為(wei)對白(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)這一(yi)稀(xi)(xi)有物種的(de)規模化和(he)產(chan)業化進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)研究(jiu)和(he)實踐。
植物屬性
為(wei)多年(nian)生草本植(zhi)物,根肥厚,外(wai)面紅色。莖高40~80厘(li)米,有(you)長柔毛(mao)。葉(xie)常為(wei)單數羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),為(wei)復葉(xie);小(xiao)葉(xie)1~3對,卵形或(huo)(huo)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形,兩面有(you)毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)白花(hua)(hua)(hua),輪傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)序,組成頂(ding)生或(huo)(huo)腋(ye)生假(jia)總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序,密生腺(xian)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)長柔毛(mao);苞(bao) 片披針形,花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼白色,有(you)11條脈紋,長約11毫米,外(wai)有(you)腺(xian)毛(mao),2唇(chun)(chun)形,上(shang)唇(chun)(chun)闊三角(jiao)形,頂(ding)端有(you)。3個聚合小(xiao)尖頭,下(xia)唇(chun)(chun)有(you)2齒,三角(jiao)形或(huo)(huo)近半圓(yuan)(yuan)形;花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠白色,長2~2.7厘(li)米,筒內(nei)有(you)毛(mao)環,上(shang)唇(chun)(chun)鐮(lian)刀形,下(xia)唇(chun)(chun)短(duan)于上(shang)唇(chun)(chun),3裂(lie),中間裂(lie)片最(zui)大;雄蕊著生下(xia)唇(chun)(chun)基部(bu)。小(xiao)堅果(guo)黑色,橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期4~6月(yue);果(guo)期7~8月(yue)。
地域范圍
萊(lai)蕪白花丹(dan)參的地域保(bao)護范圍為山東(dong)省(sheng)萊(lai)蕪區境(jing)內。地理位置在東(dong)徑117°19′~117°58′,北緯36°02′~36°33′,主(zhu)要涉及(ji)苗山、和(he)莊、茶葉、口鎮、雪野、大王莊、高(gao)莊、牛泉、辛莊、里辛、顏莊、黃莊、寨里、羊里、張家洼等15個(ge)鎮(街(jie)道),56個(ge)行(xing)政村,總面積2000公頃。